（《本经》中品）
【释名】牡蒙（《本经》）、童肠（《别录》）、马行（《别录》）、众戎（《别录》）、五鸟
花（《纲目》）。
时珍曰∶紫参、王孙，并有牡蒙之名。古方所用牡蒙，多是紫参也。按∶《钱起诗集》
云∶紫参，幽芳也。五葩连萼，状如飞禽羽举。故俗名五鸟花。
【集解】《别录》曰∶紫参，生河西及冤句山谷。三月采根，火炙使紫色。
普曰∶紫参一名牡蒙，生河西或商山。圆聚生根，黄赤有纹，皮黑中紫，五月花紫赤，
实黑大如豆。
弘景曰∶今方家皆呼为牡蒙，用之亦少。
恭曰∶紫参叶似羊蹄，紫花青穗。其根皮紫黑，肉红白，肉浅皮深。所在有之。长安见
用者，出蒲州。牡蒙乃王孙也，叶似及己而大，根长尺余，皮肉亦紫色，根苗不相似。
颂曰∶今河中、晋、解、齐及淮、蜀州郡皆有之。苗长一、二尺，茎青而细。其叶青
似槐叶，亦有似羊蹄者。五月开花白色，似葱花，亦有红紫而似水荭者。根淡紫，根皮紫黑
色，如地黄状，肉红白色，肉浅而皮深。三月采根，火炙紫色。又云∶六月采，晒干用。
时珍曰∶紫参根干紫黑色，肉带红白，状如小紫草。《范子计然》云∶紫参出三辅，有
三色，以青赤色为善。
根
【气味】苦，辛，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶微寒。普曰∶牡蒙∶神农、黄帝∶苦。李当
之∶小寒。之才曰∶畏辛夷。
【主治】心腹积聚，寒热邪气，通九窍，利大小便（《本经》）。疗肠胃大热，唾血衄血
，肠中聚血，痈肿诸疮，止渴益精（《别录》）。治心腹坚胀，散瘀血，治妇人血闭不通（甄
权）。主狂疟瘟疟，鼽血汗出（好古）。治血痢（好古）。牡蒙∶治金疮，破血，生肌肉，止
痛，赤白痢，补虚益气，除脚肿，发阴疡（苏恭）。
【发明】时珍曰∶紫参色紫黑，气味俱浓，阴也，沉也。入足厥阴之经，肝脏血分药也
。故治诸血病，及寒热疟痢、痈肿积块之属厥阴者。古方治妇人肠覃病乌啄丸，所用牡蒙，
即此物也。唐苏恭注王孙，引陈延之《短剧方》牡蒙所主之证，正是紫参；若王孙则止治风
湿痹证，不治血病。故今移附于此。
【附方】旧一，新三。
紫参汤∶治痢下。紫参半斤。水五升，煎二升，入甘草二两，煎取半升，分三服。（张
仲景《金匮玉函》）
吐血不止∶紫参、人参、阿胶（炒）等分。为末。乌梅汤服一钱。一方去人参，加甘草，
以
面上酒刺∶五参丸∶用紫参、丹参、人参、苦参、沙参各一两。为末，胡桃仁杵和丸，
梧
（《神农本草经》列为中品）
【释名】牡蒙（出自《神农本草经》）、童肠（出自《名医别录》）、马行（出自《名医别录》）、众戎（出自《名医别录》）、五鸟花（出自《本草纲目》）。
李时珍说：紫参、王孙，都有牡蒙这个名称。古代方剂中使用的牡蒙，大多数是紫参。据考证：《钱起诗集》中说：紫参，是幽静的芳香植物。五个花瓣连在同一个花萼上，形状像飞禽展翅高举的样子。所以俗名叫五鸟花。
【集解】《名医别录》说：紫参，生长在河西及冤句的山谷中。三月采集根部，用火烤炙使其变成紫色。
雷斅说：紫参又名牡蒙，生长在河西或商山。根部圆聚丛生，颜色黄赤且有纹理，外皮黑色内部紫色，五月开紫红色的花，果实黑色大如豆子。
苏恭说：紫参的叶子像羊蹄草，开紫花青色的穗。它的根皮紫黑色，肉质红白色，肉质颜色浅而皮色深。各地都有出产。长安地区使用的，产自蒲州。牡蒙就是王孙，叶子像及己但更大，根长一尺多，皮和肉都是紫色，根和苗形态不相似。
苏颂说：现在的河中、晋州、解州、齐州以及淮河、蜀地各州郡都有生长。苗高一二尺，茎青色且细。叶子青色像槐树叶，也有像羊蹄草的。五月开白色花，像葱花，也有红色紫色像水荭的。根淡紫色，根皮紫黑色，像地黄的样子，肉质红白色，肉质颜色浅而皮色深。三月采集根部，用火烤炙成紫色。又说：六月采集，晒干后使用。
李时珍说：紫参的根干呈紫黑色，肉质带红白，形状像小紫草。《范子计然》说：紫参产于三辅地区，有三种颜色，以青赤色为优良。
根
【气味】苦味，辛味，寒性，无毒。《名医别录》说：微寒。雷斅说：牡蒙：神农、黄帝认为：苦味。李当之认为：小寒。徐之才说：畏辛夷。
【主治】心腹部的积聚病，寒热邪气，通利九窍，大小便通畅（出自《神农本草经》）。治疗肠胃大热，吐血鼻衄，肠中瘀血积聚，痈肿各种疮疡，止渴益精（出自《名医别录》）。治疗心腹部坚硬胀满，散瘀血，治疗妇人经血闭阻不通（甄权）。主治狂疟瘟疟，鼻出血汗出（好古）。治疗血痢（好古）。牡蒙：治疗金创，破血，生肌肉，止痛，赤白痢疾，补虚益气，消除脚肿，诱发阴部溃疡（苏恭）。
【发明】李时珍说：紫参颜色紫黑，气味浓厚，属阴，性沉。入足厥阴肝经，是肝脏血分的药物。所以治疗各种血病，以及寒热疟疾痢疾、痈肿积块属于厥阴经的病症。古代方剂治疗妇人肠覃病的乌啄丸，所使用的牡蒙，就是这种药。唐代苏恭注释王孙时，引用陈延之《短剧方》中牡蒙所主治的证候，正是紫参；而王孙只治疗风湿痹证，不治疗血病。所以现在将其移附在此处。
【附方】旧方一个，新方三个。
紫参汤：治疗痢疾下利。紫参半斤。水五升，煎煮至二升，加入甘草二两，再煎取半升，分三次服用。（张仲景《金匮玉函经》）
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Grade)
[Names] Mumeng (Shennong Bencao Jing), Tongchang (Bencao Jing Jiuzhu), Maxing (Bencao Jing Jiuzhu), Zhongrong (Bencao Jing Jiuzhu), Wuniao Hua (Bencao Gangmu).
Li Shizhen says: Zishen and Wangsun both share the name Mumeng. In ancient prescriptions, the Mumeng used was mostly Zishen. According to records: The "Qian Qi Poetry Collection" states that Zishen is a plant with secluded fragrance. Its five petals are connected at the calyx, resembling the raised wings of a flying bird. Hence, it is commonly known as Wuniao Hua (Five-Bird Flower).
[Collection and Explanation] The Bencao Jing Jiuzhu states: Zishen grows in the valleys of Hexi and Yuanju. The roots are harvested in March and roasted over fire until they turn purple.
Lei Xiao says: Zishen is also called Mumeng, growing in Hexi or Shangshan. The roots grow in round clusters, yellowish-red with striations, black skin with a purple interior. It flowers purple-red in May, and its fruits are black and bean-sized.
Tao Hongjing says: Physicians nowadays all call it Mumeng, but it is rarely used.
Su Gong says: The leaves of Zishen resemble those of Rheum palmatum (Yangti), with purple flowers and green spikes. Its root bark is purple-black, while the flesh is red-white; the flesh color is lighter than the bark. It is found everywhere. Those used in Chang'an come from Puzhou. Mumeng is actually Wangsun; its leaves are like those of Bupleurum chinense (Jiji) but larger, the root is over a chi long, and both skin and flesh are purple. The root and sprout do not resemble each other.
Su Song says: It is now found in Hezhong, Jinzhou, Jiezhou, Qizhou, and various prefectures along the Huai River and in Shu. The seedling grows one or two chi high, with a thin green stem. The leaves are green like Sophora japonica (Huaiye), though some resemble Rheum palmatum. It flowers white in May, resembling Allium fistulosum (Conghua), or sometimes red-purple resembling Persicaria hydropiper (Shuihong). The root is pale purple, the bark purple-black like Rehmannia glutinosa (Dihuang), and the flesh red-white, with lighter flesh and darker bark. Roots are harvested in March and roasted purple. It is also said that they are harvested in June and dried for use.
Li Shizhen says: The dried root of Zishen is purple-black, with flesh tinged red-white, resembling small Arnebia euchroma (Xiao Zicao). Fanzi Jiran states: Zishen comes from the Sanfu region and has three colors, with greenish-red being the best.
Root
[Properties and Flavors] Bitter, acrid, cold, non-toxic. The Bencao Jing Jiuzhu states: Slightly cold. Lei Xiao says: Mumeng: Shennong and Huangdi consider it bitter. Li Dangzhi considers it slightly cold. Xu Zhicai states: It fears Xinyi (Magnolia flower).
[Indications] Accumulations and masses in the heart and abdomen, pathogenic factors of cold and heat, unblocking the nine orifices, promoting free flow of urine and defecation (Shennong Bencao Jing). Treating excessive heat in the stomach and intestines, hematemesis and epistaxis, accumulation of blood in the intestines, carbuncles and sores, relieving thirst and benefiting essence (Bencao Jing Jiuzhu). Treating hardness and distension in the heart and abdomen, dispersing blood stasis, treating amenorrhea due to blood obstruction in women (Zhen Quan). Mainly treating manic malaria and epidemic malaria, epistaxis and sweating (Hao Gu). Treating bloody dysentery (Hao Gu). Mumeng: Treating traumatic injuries, breaking blood stasis, generating flesh, stopping pain, treating dysentery with pus and blood, tonifying deficiency and boosting qi, eliminating edema of the feet, inducing ulcers in the yin region (Su Gong).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen says: Zishen is purple-black in color, with strong flavors, belonging to Yin and sinking in nature. It enters the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian and is a herb for the blood aspect of the Liver. Therefore, it treats various blood diseases, as well as cold-heat malaria and dysentery, carbuncles, and masses belonging to the Jueyin category. In ancient prescriptions for the uterine fibroid disease (Changtan) in women, such as the Wuzhuo Pill, the Mumeng used is this substance. Tang Dynasty's Su Gong, in his commentary on Wangsun, cited Chen Yanzhi's "Short Drama Formulas," where the indications for Mumeng exactly match Zishen; whereas Wangsun only treats wind-damp bi-syndrome and does not treat blood diseases. Therefore, it is now moved and attached here.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, three new ones.
Zishen Decoction: Treats dysentery with discharge. Half a jin of Zishen. Five sheng of water, decocted to two sheng, add two liang of Gancao (Licorice Root), decoct again to obtain half a sheng, divide into three doses. (Zhang Zhongjing, Jingui Yufan Jing)
Unceasing hematemesis: Equal parts of Zishen, Renshen (Ginseng), and Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, stir-fried). Grind into powder. Take one qian with Wu Mei Tang (Mume Decoction). Another formula removes Renshen and adds Gancao...
Facial acne caused by alcohol consumption: Wushen Pill: Use one liang each of Zishen, Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), Renshen, Kushen (Sophora flavescens), and Shashen (Adenophora). Grind into powder, mix with pounded Walnut Kernel to form pills the size of Wutong seeds...