（《拾遗》）
藏器曰∶出岭南。状似屁盘，褐色身扁。带之令人相爱也，彼人重之。
叩头虫
时珍曰∶虫大如斑蝥而黑色，按其后则叩头有声。能入人耳，灌以生油则出。刘敬叔《异
苑
晋傅咸有赋。
媚蝶
时珍曰∶《北户录》云∶岭表有鹤子草，蔓花也。当夏开，形如飞鹤，翅、羽、觜、距
皆全
蝶，赤黄色。女子收而佩之，如细鸟皮，令人媚悦，号为媚蝶。《洞冥记》云∶汉武时勒毕
国献细鸟
（音萌。《本经》中品）
【释名】魂常（《本经》）。
时珍曰∶虻以翼鸣，其声虻虻，故名。陆佃云∶蚊害民，故曰蚊；虻害
通。
【集解】《别录》曰∶木虻生汉中川泽，五月取之。
颂曰∶今处处有之，而襄、汉近地尤多。
弘景曰∶此虻状似虻而小，不啖血。近道草中不见有之，市人亦少卖者，方家惟用蜚虻
耳。
恭曰∶虻有数种，并能啖血，商淅以南江岭间大有。木虻，长大绿色，殆如蜩蝉，咂牛
马或至颠仆。蜚虻，状如蜜蜂，黄黑色，今俗多用之。又一种小者名鹿虻，亦名牛虻，大如
蝇，啮牛马亦猛。市人采卖之，三种同体，以疗血为本；虽小有异同，用之不为嫌。木虻倍
大，而陶云似虻而小，不啖血，盖未之识耳。
藏器曰∶木虻从木叶中出，卷叶如子，形圆，着叶上。破之初出如白蛆，渐大羽化，拆
破便飞，即能啮物。塞北亦有，岭南极多，如古度化蚁耳。木虻是叶内者，蜚虻是已飞者，
正如蚕蛹与蛾，总是一物，不合重出。应功用不同，后人异注耳。
时珍曰∶金幼孜《北征录》云∶北虏长乐镇草间有虻，大者如蜻蜓，拂人面嘬 。元
稹《长庆集》云∶巴蜀山谷间，春秋常雨，五、六月至八、九月则多虻，道路群飞，咂牛马
血流，啮人毒剧
溪涧中多水蛆，长寸余，色黑。夏末变为虻，螫人甚毒。观此，则虻之变化，有木有水，非
一端也。
【气味】苦，平，有毒。
【主治】目赤痛， 伤泪出，瘀血血闭，寒热酸
（出自《本草拾遗》）
陈藏器说：木虻产于岭南。形状像屁盘，身体褐色且扁平。佩戴它能使男女相爱，当地人很重视它。
叩头虫
李时珍说：这种虫子大小像斑蝥，颜色黑色，按压它的背部就会叩头发出声音。它能钻进人的耳朵里，灌入生油就能让它出来。刘敬叔的《异苑》中有记载，晋代的傅咸曾为此写过赋。
媚蝶
李时珍说：《北户录》记载：岭外地区有一种鹤子草，是蔓生开花的植物。在夏季开花，形状像飞翔的仙鹤，翅膀、羽毛、嘴、脚爪都齐全。蝴蝶呈赤黄色。女子采集并佩戴它，就像细鸟皮一样，能使人受到爱慕和喜悦，被称为“媚蝶”。《洞冥记》记载：汉武帝时期，勒毕国进贡了细鸟。
（音萌。《神农本草经》列为中品）
【释名】魂常（出自《本经》）。
李时珍说：虻因为靠翅膀鸣叫，声音是“虻虻”作响，所以得名。陆佃说：蚊子危害百姓，所以叫蚊；虻危害……（原文此处似有缺漏或通假，结合语境通常指虻亦害人或畜，但依原文仅译出可见部分）通。
【集解】《名医别录》说：木虻生长在汉中的川泽地带，五月采收。
苏颂说：现在到处都有，而襄阳、汉中附近的地方尤其多。
陶弘景说：这种虻形状像虻但较小，不吸血。在道路附近的草丛中没见到过，市场上也很少卖，医家只使用飞虻罢了。
苏恭说：虻有好几种，都能吸血，商州、淅州以南的江岭间非常多。木虻，体型长大呈绿色，几乎像蝉，叮咬牛马甚至能使它们跌倒。飞虻，形状像蜜蜂，黄黑色，现在民间多用它。又有一种小的名叫鹿虻，也叫牛虻，大如苍蝇，叮咬牛马也很凶猛。市场上的人采集贩卖这三种，都以治疗血证为本；虽然小有差异，使用时并不忌讳。木虻比一般虻大得多，而陶弘景说它像虻但小且不吸血，大概是他没有认识清楚罢了。
陈藏器说：木虻从树叶中生出，卷叶如茧，形状圆，附着在叶上。刚破壳时像白色的蛆，逐渐变大羽化，拆开叶子就飞走，立即能叮咬物体。塞北也有，岭南极多，就像古度化成蚂蚁一样。木虻是在叶内的幼虫阶段，飞虻是已经飞行的成虫，正如同蚕蛹与蛾，总归是同一种东西，不应该重复列出。应该是功效不同，后人分别注释罢了。
李时珍说：金幼孜的《北征录》记载：北方虏地长乐镇草丛中有虻，大的像蜻蜓，拂过人脸叮咬。元稹的《长庆集》记载：巴蜀山谷间，春秋常下雨，五、六月到八、九月则虻很多，道路上成群飞舞，吸吮牛马的血，叮咬人毒性剧烈。溪涧中有很多水蛆，长一寸多，颜色黑。夏末变成虻，蛰伤人非常毒。看这些情况，那么虻的变化，有的来自树木，有的来自水，不是一种途径。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
Chen Cangqi stated: Mu Meng (Wood Horsefly, *Tabanus japonicus*) is produced in Lingnan. Its shape resembles a buttock plate, with a brown and flat body. Wearing it is believed to foster love between people, and locals value it highly.
Koutou Chong (Head-bowing Insect)
Li Shizhen stated: This insect is as large as Banmao (Blister Beetle, *Mylabris phalerata*) and black in color. Pressing its abdomen causes it to bow its head and make a sound. It can enter the human ear; pouring raw oil into the ear will cause it to exit. Liu Jingshu's *Yi Yuan* records this. Fu Xian of the Jin Dynasty wrote an ode about it.
Meidie (Charming Butterfly)
Li Shizhen stated: *Buhu Lu* records: In the regions beyond the岭s, there is a plant called Hezicao (Crane Grass), which is a climbing vine that flowers. It blooms in summer, resembling a flying crane, with complete wings, feathers, beak, and spurs. The butterfly is reddish-yellow. Women collect and wear it, similar to fine bird skin, believing it makes one charming and beloved, hence named "Meidie". *Dongming Ji* records: During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, the Lebi Kingdom presented small birds.
(Meng [phonetic]. Listed as Middle Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
[Names] Hunchang (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Li Shizhen stated: Meng flies by vibrating its wings, producing a "meng meng" sound, thus named. Lu Tiansaid: Mosquitoes harm the people, hence called mosquito; Meng harms... [text incomplete/obscure] tong.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Mu Meng grows in the streams and marshes of Hanzhong and is harvested in May.
Su Song stated: It is found everywhere now, but particularly abundant in areas near Xiangyang and Hanzhong.
Tao Hongjing stated: This type of Meng resembles the horsefly but is smaller and does not suck blood. It is not seen in grass near roads, and few are sold in markets; physicians only use Fei Meng (Flying Horsefly).
Su Gong stated: There are several types of Meng, all capable of sucking blood, especially abundant in the river and ridge areas south of Shangzhou and Xizhou. Mu Meng is large, green, almost like a cicada; it sucks cattle and horses and may even cause them to fall. Fei Meng resembles a honeybee, yellow-black, and is commonly used by the public. Another smaller type is named Lumeng or Niumeng, as large as a fly, biting cattle and horses fiercely. Merchants collect and sell these three types together, primarily for treating blood disorders; although they have minor differences, their use is not restricted. Mu Meng is significantly larger, whereas Tao Hongjing claimed it was smaller than a horsefly and did not suck blood, likely due to his lack of recognition.
Chen Cangqi stated: Mu Meng emerges from tree leaves, rolling the leaf like a cocoon, round in shape, attached to the leaf. When first broken out, it resembles a white maggot, gradually growing larger and metamorphosing; upon breaking the leaf, it flies away and immediately bites objects. They also exist in the northern borders and are extremely common in Lingnan, similar to how Gudū transforms into ants. Mu Meng refers to those within the leaves, while Fei Meng refers to those already flying; just as silkworm pupae and moths are essentially the same thing, they should not be listed separately. Their functions may differ, leading to separate annotations by later scholars.
Li Shizhen stated: Jin Youzi's *Beizheng Lu* records: In the grass of Changle Town in the northern barbarian lands, there are Meng insects, some as large as dragonflies, brushing against faces and biting. Yuan Zhen's *Changqing Ji* records: In the valleys of Bashu, rain is frequent in spring and autumn; from May-June to August-September, Meng insects are numerous, flying in swarms along roads, sucking blood from cattle and horses, and biting humans with severe toxicity. There are many water maggots in streams, over an inch long and black. At the end of summer, they transform into Meng insects, which sting humans very毒ly (poisonously/viciously). Observing this, the transformation of Meng insects comes from both trees and water, not just one source.
[Properties and Flavors] Bitter, neutral, toxic.
[Indications] Redness and pain of the eyes, tearing, blood stasis, amenorrhea/blood obstruction, aversion to cold and fever, soreness and pain.