（《别录》中品）
【释名】冰台（《尔雅》）、医草（《别录》）、黄草（《埤雅》）、艾蒿。
时珍曰∶王安石《字说》云∶艾可 疾，久而弥善，故字从 。陆佃《埤雅》云∶《博
物志》言削冰令圆，举而向日，以艾承其影则得火。则艾名冰台，其以此乎？医家用灸百病，
故曰灸草。一灼谓之一壮，以壮人为法也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶艾叶生田野，三月三日采，曝干。
颂曰∶处处有之，以复道及四明者为佳，云此种灸百病尤胜。初春布地生苗，茎类蒿，
叶背白，以苗短者为良。三月三日，五月五日，采叶曝干。陈久方可用。
时珍曰∶艾叶本草不着土产，但云生田野。宋时以汤阴复道者为佳，四明者图形。近代
惟汤阴者谓之北艾；四明者谓之海艾。自成化以来，则以蕲州者为胜，用充方物，天下
重之，谓之蕲艾。相传他处艾灸酒坛不能透，蕲艾一灸则直透彻，为异也。此草多生山原。
二月宿根生苗成丛，其茎直生，白色，高四五尺。其叶四布，状如蒿，分为五尖，丫上复
有小尖，面青背白，有茸而柔浓。七、八月，叶间出穗如车前穗，细花，结实累累盈枝，中
有细子，霜后始枯。皆以五月五日连茎刈取，曝干收叶。先君月池子讳言闻，尝着《蕲艾传》
一卷。有赞云∶产于山阳，采以端午。治病灸疾，功非小补。又宗懔《荆楚岁时记》云∶五
月五日鸡未鸣时，采艾似人形者揽而取之，收以灸病，甚验。是日采艾为人，悬于户上，可
禳毒瓦斯。其茎干之，染麻油引火点灸炷，滋润灸疮，至愈不疼。亦可代蓍策，及作烛心。
叶
【修治】宗 曰∶艾叶干捣，去青滓，取白，入石硫黄末少许，谓之硫黄艾，灸家用之。
得米粉少许，可捣为末，入服食药用。
时珍曰∶凡用艾叶，须用陈久者，治令细软，谓之熟艾。若生艾灸火，则伤人肌脉。故
《孟子》云∶七年之病，求三年之艾。拣取净叶，扬去尘屑，入石臼内木杵捣熟，罗去渣滓
，取白者再捣，至柔烂如绵为度。用时焙燥，则灸火得力。入妇人丸散，须以熟艾，用醋煮
干，捣成饼子，烘干再捣为末用。或以糯糊和作饼，及酒炒者，皆不佳。洪氏《容斋随笔》
云∶艾难着力，若入白茯苓三、五片同碾，即时可作细末，亦一异也。
【气味】苦，微温，无毒。恭曰∶生寒；熟热。元素曰∶苦温，阴中之阳。时珍曰∶苦
而辛，生温熟热，可升可降，阳也。入足太阴、厥阴、少阴之经。苦酒、
【主治】灸百病。可作煎，止吐血下痢，下部 疮，妇人漏血，利阴气，生肌肉，辟风
寒，使人有子。作煎勿令见风（《别录》）。捣汁服，止伤血，杀蛔虫（弘景）。主衄血、下血
，脓血痢，水煮及丸散任用（苏恭）。止崩血、肠痔血，拓金疮，止腹痛，安胎。苦酒作煎，
治癣甚良。捣汁饮，治心腹一切冷气、鬼气（甄权）。治带下，止霍乱转筋，痢后寒热（大
明）。
治带脉为病，腹胀满，腰溶溶如坐水中（好古）。温中、逐冷、除湿（时珍）。
【发明】诜曰∶春月采嫩艾作菜食，或和面作馄饨如弹子，吞三、五枚，以饭压之，治
一切鬼恶气，长服止冷痢。又以嫩艾作干饼子，用生姜煎服，止泻痢及产后泻血，甚妙。
颂曰∶近世有单服艾者，或用蒸木瓜和丸，或作汤空腹饮，甚补虚羸。然亦有毒发则热气冲
上，狂躁不能禁，至攻眼有疮出血者，诚不可妄服也。
震亨曰∶妇人无子，多由血少不能摄精，俗医谓子宫虚冷，投以辛热，或服艾叶。不知
艾性至热，入火灸则气下行；入药服，则气上行。本草止言其温，不言其热。世人喜温，
率多服之，久久毒发，何尝归咎于艾哉！予考苏颂《图经》而因默有感焉。
时珍曰∶艾叶生则微苦太辛，熟则微辛太苦，生温熟热，纯阳也。可以取太阳真火，可
以回垂绝元阳。服之则走三阴，而逐一切寒湿，转肃杀之气为融和。灸之则透诸经，而治百
种病邪，起沉 之人为康泰，其功亦大矣。苏恭言其生寒，苏颂言其有毒。一则见其能止诸
血，一则见其热气上冲，遂谓其性寒有毒，误矣。盖不知血随气而行，气行则血散，热因久
服致火上冲之故尔。夫药以治病，中病则止。若素有虚寒痼冷，妇人湿郁带漏之人，以艾和
归、附诸药治其病，夫何不可？而乃妄意求嗣，服艾不辍，助以辛热，药性久偏，致使火躁
，是谁之咎欤，于艾何尤？艾附丸治心腹、少腹诸痛，调女人诸病，颇有深功。胶艾汤治虚
痢，及妊娠产后下血，尤着奇效。老人丹田气弱，脐腹畏冷者，以熟艾入布袋兜其脐腹，妙
不可言。寒湿香港脚，亦宜以此夹入袜内。
【附方】旧二十三，新二十九。
伤寒时气，温病头痛，壮热脉盛。以干艾叶三升。水一斗，煮一升，顿服取汗。（《肘
后方》）妊娠伤寒壮热，赤斑变为黑斑，溺血∶用艾叶如鸡子大，酒三升，煮二升半，分为
二服。（《伤寒类要》）妊娠风寒卒中，不省人事，状如中风∶用熟艾三两，米醋炒极热，以
绢包熨脐下，良久即苏。（《妇人良方》）中风口 ∶以苇筒长五寸，一头刺入耳内，四面以
面密封，不透风，一头以艾灸之七壮。患右灸左，患左灸右。（《胜金方》）中风口噤∶熟艾
灸承浆一穴，颊车二穴，各五壮。（《千金方》）中风掣痛，不仁不随∶并以干艾斛许，揉团
纳瓦甑中，并下塞诸孔，独留一目，以痛处着
舌缩口噤∶以生艾捣敷之。干艾浸湿亦可。（《圣济录》）咽喉肿痛∶《医方大成》∶同嫩艾捣
汁，细咽之。《经验方》∶用青艾和茎叶一握，同醋捣烂，敷于喉上。冬月取干艾亦得。李亚
所传方也。癫痫诸风∶熟艾于阴囊下谷道正门当中间，随年岁灸之。（《斗门方》）鬼击中恶，
卒然着人，如刀刺状，胸胁腹内 刺切痛不可按，或即吐血、鼻中出血、下血，一名鬼排∶
以熟艾如鸡子大三枚，水五升，煎二升，顿服。（《肘后方》）小儿脐风撮口∶艾叶烧灰填脐
中，以帛缚定效。或隔蒜灸之，候口中有艾气立愈。（《简便方》）狐惑虫 病患齿无色，
舌上白，或喜睡不知痛痒处，或下痢，宜急治下部。不晓此者，但攻其上，而下部生虫，食
其肛，烂见五脏，便死也。烧艾于管中，熏下部令烟入，或少加雄黄更妙。罂中烧烟亦可。
（《肘后方》）头风久痛∶蕲艾揉为丸，时时嗅之，以黄水出为度。（《青囊杂纂》）头风面疮，
痒出黄水∶艾叶二两，醋一斤，砂锅煎取汁，每薄纸上贴之。一日一、两上。（
心腹恶气∶艾叶捣汁饮之。（《药性论》）脾胃冷痛∶白艾末，沸汤服二钱。（《卫生易简方》）
蛔虫心痛如刺，口吐清水∶白熟艾一升。水三升，煮一升服，吐虫出。或取生艾捣汁，
五更食香脯一片，乃饮一升，当下虫出。（《肘后方》）
口吐清水∶干蕲艾煎汤啜之。（《怪证奇方》）。
霍乱洞下不止∶以艾一把。水三升，煮一升，顿服。（《外台秘要》）
老小白痢∶艾姜丸∶用陈北艾四两，干姜（炮）三两，为末，醋煮仓米糊丸梧子大。每
服七
诸痢久下∶艾叶、陈皮等分，煎汤服之。亦可为末，酒煮烂饭和丸，每盐汤下二、三十
丸
暴泄不止∶陈艾一把，生姜一块，水煎热服。（《生生编》）
粪后下血∶艾叶、生姜煎浓汁，服三合。（《千金方》）
野鸡痔病∶先以槐柳汤洗过，以艾灸上七壮，取效。郎中王及乘骡入西川，数日病痔大
作
五壮，忽觉一道热气入肠中，因大转泻，血秽并出，泻后遂失胡瓜所在矣。（《经验方》）
妊娠下血∶张仲景曰∶妇人有漏下者，有半产后下血不绝者，有妊娠下血者，并宜胶艾
汤
清酒三升，煮取三升，乃纳胶令消尽，每温服一升，日三服。（《金匮要略》）
妊娠胎动或腰痛，或抢心，或下血不止，或倒产子死腹中∶艾叶一鸡子大，酒四升，煮
二升，分二服。（《肘后方》）
胎动迫心作痛∶艾叶鸡子大。以头醋四升，煎二升，分温服。（《子母秘录》）
妇人崩中连日不止∶熟艾鸡子大，阿胶（炒为末）半两，干姜一钱。水五盏，先煮艾姜
至
二盏半，倾出，入胶烊化，分三服，一日服尽。（初虞世《古今录验》）
产后泻血不止∶干艾叶半两，炙熟老生姜半两，浓煎汤，一服止，妙。（孟诜《食疗本
草》）产后腹痛欲死，因感寒起者∶陈蕲艾二斤。焙干，捣铺脐上，以绢覆住，熨斗熨之，
待口中艾气出，则痛自止矣。（《杨诚经验方》）忽然吐血一二口，或心衄，或内崩∶熟艾三
团，水五升，煮二升服。一方∶烧灰水服
鼻血不止∶艾灰吹之。亦可以艾叶煎服。（《圣惠方》）
盗汗不止∶熟艾二钱，白茯神三钱，乌梅三个，水一钟，煎八分，临卧温服。（《通妙
真人方》）
火眼肿痛∶以艾烧烟起，用碗覆之，候烟尽，碗上刮煤下，以温水调化洗眼，即瘥。更
入
面上 ∶艾灰、桑灰各三升，以水淋汁，再淋至三遍，以五色布纳于中，同煎，令可
丸
妇人面疮，名粉花疮∶以定粉五钱，菜子油调泥碗内，用艾一、二团，烧烟熏之，候烟
尽
身面疣目∶艾火灸三壮即除。（《圣惠方》）
鹅掌风病∶蕲艾（真者）四、五两，水四五碗，煮五、六滚，入大口瓶内盛之，用麻布
二层缚之，将手心放瓶上熏之，如冷再热，如神。（陆氏《积德堂方》）
疮疥熏法∶熟蕲艾一两，木鳖子三钱，雄黄二钱，硫黄一钱。为末，揉入艾中，分作四
条。每以一条安阴阳瓦中，置被里烘熏，后服通圣散。（《医方摘要》）
小儿疳疮∶艾叶一两，水一升，煮取四合，分三服。（《备急方》）
小儿烂疮∶艾叶烧灰，敷之，良。（《子母秘录》）
疮口冷不合∶熟艾烧烟熏之。（《经验方》）
白癞风疮∶干艾随多少，以浸曲酿酒如常法，日饮之，觉痹即瘥。（《肘后方》）
疔疮肿毒∶艾蒿一担烧灰，于竹筒中淋取汁，以一、二合，和锻石如糊。先以针刺疮至
痛，乃点药三遍，其根自拔。玉山韩光以此治人神验。贞观初，衢州徐使君访得此方。予用
治三十余人，得效。（孙真人《千金方》）
发背初起未成，及诸热肿∶以湿纸拓上，先干处是头，着艾灸之。不论壮数，痛者灸至
不痛；不痛者灸至痛乃止。其毒即散，不散亦免内攻，神方也。（李绛《兵部手集》）
痈疽不合，疮口冷滞∶以北艾煎汤洗后，白胶熏之。（《直指方》）
咽喉骨哽∶用生艾蒿数升，水、酒共一斗，煮四升，细细饮之，当下。（《外台秘要》）
误吞铜钱∶艾蒿一把，水五升，煎一升，顿服便下。（钱相公《箧中方》）
诸虫蛇伤∶艾灸数壮甚良。（《集简方》）
风虫牙痛∶化蜡少许，摊纸上，铺艾，以箸卷成筒，烧烟，随左右熏鼻，吸烟令满口，
呵
实
【气味】苦、辛，暖，无毒。
【主治】明目，疗一切鬼气（甄权）。壮阳，助水脏腰膝，及暖子宫（大明）。
【发明】诜曰∶艾子和干姜等分，为末，蜜丸梧子大。空心每服三十丸，以饭三、五匙
压之，日再服。治百恶气，其鬼神速走出。田野之人，与此甚相宜也。
【附录】夏台 《别录》有名未用曰∶味甘，主百疾，济绝气。
弘景曰∶此药神奇乃尔，不复识用，可恨也。
时珍曰∶艾名冰台，此名夏台，艾灸百病能回绝气，此主百病济绝气，恐是一物重出也，
故附于艾后。
【释名】冰台（出自《尔雅》）、医草（出自《别录》）、黄草（出自《埤雅》）、艾蒿。
李时珍说：王安石在《字说》中称：艾可以治愈疾病，时间越久疗效越好，所以“艾”字的字形从“乂”（治理、修剪之意）。陆佃在《埤雅》中说：《博物志》记载削冰做成圆形，举起来对着太阳，用艾草承接它的影子就能取火。那么“艾”得名“冰台”，大概就是因为这个原因吧？医生用艾灸治疗各种疾病，所以叫它灸草。一次灼烧称为一壮，是以健康成年人为标准。
【集解】《名医别录》说：艾叶生长在田野间，三月三日采集，晒干。
苏颂说：到处都有生长，以复道和四明出产的最好，据说这种艾叶艾灸百病效果更佳。初春在地面长出苗，茎像蒿草，叶子背面是白色的，以苗短的为好。三月三日、五月五日采集叶片晒干。必须陈放很久才可以使用。
李时珍说：艾叶的本草著作没有注明产地，只说生长在田野。宋代时以汤阴复道出产的为好，四明的艾叶被画成图形流传。近代只有汤阴的被称为北艾；四明的被称为海艾。自从成化年间以来，则以蕲州出产的最为优越，作为贡品进献，天下人重视它，称之为蕲艾。传说其他地方艾灸酒坛不能穿透，而蕲艾一灸则能直接透彻，这是它的奇特之处。这种草多生长在山坡原野。二月宿根生出幼苗长成丛状，茎直立生长，白色，高四五尺。叶子向四周分布，形状像蒿草，分为五个尖角，丫上又有小尖，正面青色背面白色，有绒毛且柔软浓密。七、八月，叶间抽出穗子像车前草的穗，花细小，果实累累挂满枝头，里面有细小的种子，霜降后才枯萎。都以五月五日连茎割取，晒干收存叶片。先父月池子讳言闻，曾撰写《蕲艾传》一卷。其中有赞语说：产于山南，端午采摘。治病灸疾，功劳不小。又宗懔《荆楚岁时记》说：五月五日鸡未打鸣时，采摘像人形的艾草揽取收藏，用来灸治疾病，非常灵验。这天采摘艾草做成人的形状，悬挂在门上，可以驱除毒气。将茎干后，染麻油引火点燃做灸炷，滋润灸疮，直到痊愈也不疼痛。也可以代替蓍草占卜，以及制作烛芯。
【修治】雷敩说：艾叶干燥后捣碎，去掉青色的渣滓，只取白色的部分，加入少许石硫黄粉末，称为硫黄艾，供医生灸治使用。
加入少许米粉，可以捣成粉末，用于内服或药用。
李时珍说：凡是使用艾叶，必须使用陈久的，处理得细软，称为熟艾。如果用生艾进行艾灸，则会伤害人的肌肉经脉。所以《孟子》说：七年的老病，要寻求存放三年的艾叶。拣选干净的叶片，扬去灰尘碎屑，放入石臼中用木杵捣熟，筛去渣滓，取白色部分再次捣碎，直到柔烂如棉絮为止。使用时焙干，则艾灸火力得力。入妇人丸散药中，必须用熟艾，用醋煮干，捣成饼子，烘干后再捣成粉末使用。或者用糯米糊做成饼，以及酒炒过的，都不好。洪迈《容斋随笔》说：艾难以着力，如果加入白茯苓三、五片一同碾磨，立刻就可以成为细末，这也是一个奇异的方法。
【气味】苦味，微温，无毒。苏恭说：生者性寒；熟者性热。李元素说：苦温，属于阴中之阳。李时珍说：苦而辛，生者温熟者热，可升可降，属阳。进入足太阴脾经、足厥阴肝经、足少阴肾经。醋。
【主治】艾灸治疗各种疾病。可以制成煎剂，止吐血、下痢，下部疮疡，妇人漏血，利阴气，生肌肉，辟风寒，使人能够生育。制成煎剂不要让见风（出自《别录》）。捣汁服用，止外伤出血，杀蛔虫（陶弘景）。主治鼻出血、便血，脓血痢，水煮及丸散任选用（苏恭）。止崩漏下血、肠痔出血，敷贴金创，止腹痛，安胎。醋制煎剂，治疗癣症很好。捣汁饮用，治疗心腹一切冷气、鬼气（甄权）。治疗带下，止霍乱转筋，痢疾后的寒热症状（马志）。治疗带脉病变，腹胀满，腰部溶溶然像坐在冷水中的感觉（寇宗奭）。温中、逐冷、除湿（李时珍）。
【发明】孟诜说：春天采摘嫩艾做菜吃，或者和面做成弹子大小的馄饨，吞服三、五枚，用饭压住，治疗一切鬼恶气，长期服用可止冷痢。又用嫩艾做成干饼子，用生姜煎服，止泻痢及产后泻血，非常奇妙。
苏颂说：近代有人单服艾叶，或者蒸木瓜和丸，或者煮汤空腹饮用，很补虚损羸弱。然而也有毒发时热气冲上，狂躁无法控制，甚至攻眼导致长疮出血的情况，确实不可随意服用。
朱震亨说：妇人无子，多由血少不能摄精所致，俗医认为是子宫虚冷，投用辛热药物，或者服用艾叶。不知道艾性极热，入火灸则气下行；入药服用，则气上行。本草只说它温，没说它热。世人喜欢温热，大多服用它，久而久之毒发，何曾归咎于艾呢！我考察苏颂《图经》因而默默有所感悟。
李时珍说：艾叶生时微苦太辛，熟时微辛太苦，生温熟热，纯阳之物。可以取得太阳真火，可以挽回垂绝的元阳。服用则走三阴经，驱逐一切寒湿，将肃杀之气转化为融和。艾灸则透诸经，治疗百种病邪，使沉疴之人恢复康泰，其功效也很大了。苏恭说它生寒，苏颂说它有毒。一个是看到它能止诸血，一个是看到热气上冲，于是说它性寒有毒，这是错误的。大概是不知血随气而行，气行则血散，是因为长期服用导致火热上冲的缘故。药物是用来治病的，中病即止。如果素来有虚寒痼冷，妇人湿郁带漏之人，用艾配合当归、附子等药物治疗疾病，有什么不可以？却妄图求嗣，不停服用艾，辅以辛热，药性长久偏颇，致使火躁，这是谁的过错呢，与艾有什么关系？艾附丸治疗心腹、少腹各种疼痛，调理妇人各种疾病，颇有深功。胶艾汤治疗虚痢，以及妊娠产后下血，尤其显著奇效。老人丹田气弱，脐腹畏冷的，用熟艾装入布袋兜住脐腹，妙不可言。寒湿脚气，也适宜将此夹入袜内。
【附方】旧方二十三首，新方二十九首。
伤寒时气，温病头痛，高热脉盛。用干艾叶三升，水一斗，煮取一升，一次性服用取汗。（《肘后备急方》）妊娠伤寒高热，赤斑变为黑斑，尿血：用艾叶如鸡蛋大，酒三升，煮取二升半，分两次服用。（《伤寒类要》）妊娠风寒卒中，不省人事，状如中风：用熟艾三两，米醋炒至极热，用绢包裹熨烫脐下，良久即苏醒。（《妇人大全良方》）中风口歪：用苇筒长五寸，一头刺入耳内，四面用面密封，不透风，另一头用艾灸七壮。患右灸左，患左灸右。（《胜金方》）中风口噤：熟艾灸承浆穴一穴，颊车穴二穴，各五壮。（《千金方》）中风掣痛，麻木不仁不能活动：并用干艾约一斛，揉团纳入瓦甑中，并塞住所有孔洞，只留一个孔，将疼痛处对着孔……（原文此处似有缺漏，依文意推测为熏蒸患处）舌缩口噤：用生艾捣敷。干艾浸湿也可。（《圣济总录》）咽喉肿痛：《医方大成》：同嫩艾捣汁，细细咽下。《经验方》：用青艾连同茎叶一把，同醋捣烂，敷于喉上。冬月取干艾也可以。这是李亚所传的方子。癫痫各种风证：熟艾在阴囊下谷道正门中间，按年龄岁数灸之。（《斗门方》）鬼击中恶，突然袭击人，如刀刺状，胸胁腹内刺痛切痛不可按压，或者立即吐血、鼻中出血、便血，一名鬼排：用熟艾如鸡蛋大三枚，水五升，煎取二升，一次性服用。（《肘后备急方》）小儿脐风撮口：艾叶烧灰填脐中，用布帛缚定有效。或者隔蒜灸之，等到口中有艾气立刻痊愈。（《简便方》）狐惑虫病，患者牙齿无色，舌上白，或者喜睡不知痛痒处，或者下痢，宜急治下部。不懂此理的，只攻上部，而下部生虫，食其肛门，烂至见五脏，就会死亡。烧艾在管中，熏下部令烟进入，或少加雄黄更妙。罂中也烧烟也可以。（《肘后备急方》）头风久痛：蕲艾揉为丸，时时嗅之，以流出黄水为度。（《青囊杂纂》）头风面疮，痒出黄水：艾叶二两，醋一斤，砂锅煎取汁，每薄纸上贴之。一日一、两上。（《圣济总录》）心腹恶气：艾叶捣汁饮之。（《药性论》）脾胃冷痛：白艾末，沸汤服二钱。（《卫生易简方》）蛔虫心痛如刺，口吐清水：白熟艾一升，水三升，煮取一升服，吐虫出。或者取生艾捣汁，五更食香脯一片，乃饮一升，当下虫出。（《肘后备急方》）口吐清水：干蕲艾煎汤啜之。（《怪证奇方》）霍乱洞下不止：用艾一把，水三升，煮取一升，一次性服用。（《外台秘要》）老小白痢：艾姜丸：用陈北艾四两，干姜（炮）三两，为末，醋煮仓米糊丸梧子大。每服七粒……（原文此处似有缺漏，依常理推测为每次服用若干丸）诸痢久下：艾叶、陈皮等分，煎汤服之。也可为末，酒煮烂饭和丸，每盐汤下二、三十丸。暴泄不止：陈艾一把，生姜一块，水煎热服。（《生生编》）粪后下血：艾叶、生姜煎浓汁，服三合。（《千金方》）野鸡痔病：先以槐柳汤洗过，以艾灸上七壮，取效。郎中王及乘骡入西川，数日病痔大作……（原文此处似有缺漏）五壮，忽觉一道热气入肠中，因大转泻，血秽并出，泻后遂失胡瓜所在矣。（《经验方》）妊娠下血：张仲景说：妇人有漏下者，有半产后下血不绝者，有妊娠下血者，并宜胶艾汤。清酒三升，煮取三升，乃纳胶令消尽，每温服一升，日三服。（《金匮要略》）妊娠胎动或腰痛，或抢心，或下血不止，或倒产子死腹中：艾叶一鸡子大，酒四升，煮二升，分二服。（《肘后备急方》）胎动迫心作痛：艾叶鸡子大。以头醋四升，煎二升，分温服。（《子母秘录》）妇人崩中连日不止：熟艾鸡子大，阿胶（炒为末）半两，干姜一钱。水五盏，先煮艾姜至二盏半，倾出，入胶烊化，分三服，一日服尽。（初虞世《古今录验》）产后泻血不止：干艾叶半两，炙熟老生姜半两，浓煎汤，一服止，妙。（孟诜《食疗本草》）产后腹痛欲死，因感寒起者：陈蕲艾二斤。焙干，捣铺脐上，以绢覆住，熨斗熨之，待口中艾气出，则痛自止矣。（《杨诚经验方》）忽然吐血一二口，或心衄，或内崩：熟艾三团，水五升，煮二升服。一方：烧灰水服。鼻血不止：艾灰吹之。亦可以艾叶煎服。（《圣惠方》）盗汗不止：熟艾二钱，白茯神三钱，乌梅三个，水一钟，煎八分，临卧温服。（《通妙真人方》）火眼肿痛：以艾烧烟起，用碗覆之，候烟尽，碗上刮煤下，以温水调化洗眼，即瘥。更入……（原文此处似有缺漏）面上……（原文此处似有缺漏）艾灰、桑灰各三升，以水淋汁，再淋至三遍，以五色布纳于中，同煎，令可……（原文此处似有缺漏）妇人面疮，名粉花疮：以定粉五钱，菜子油调泥碗内，用艾一、二团，烧烟熏之，候烟尽……（原文此处似有缺漏）身面疣目：艾火灸三壮即除。（《圣惠方》）鹅掌风病：蕲艾（真者）四、五两，水四五碗，煮五、六滚，入大口瓶内盛之，用麻布二层缚之，将手心放瓶上熏之，如冷再热，如神。（陆氏《积德堂方》）疮疥熏法：熟蕲艾一两，木鳖子三钱，雄黄二钱，硫黄一钱。为末，揉入艾中，分作四条。每以一条安阴阳瓦中，置被里烘熏，后服通圣散。（《医方摘要》）小儿疳疮：艾叶一两，水一升，煮取四合，分三服。（《备急方》）小儿烂疮：艾叶烧灰，敷之，良。（《子母秘录》）疮口冷不合：熟艾烧烟熏之。（《经验方》）白癞风疮：干艾随多少，以浸曲酿酒如常法，日饮之，觉痹即瘥。（《肘后备急方》）疔疮肿毒：艾蒿一担烧灰，于竹筒中淋取汁，以一、二合，和锻石如糊。先以针刺疮至痛，乃点药三遍，其根自拔。玉山韩光以此治人神验。贞观初，衢州徐使君访得此方。予用治三十余人，得效。（孙真人《千金方》）发背初起未成，及诸热肿：以湿纸拓上，先干处是头，着艾灸之。不论壮数，痛者灸至不痛；不痛者灸至痛乃止。其毒即散，不散亦免内攻，神方也。（李绛《兵部手集》）痈疽不合，疮口冷滞：以北艾煎汤洗后，白胶熏之。（《直指方》）咽喉骨哽：用生艾蒿数升，水、酒共一斗，煮四升，细细饮之，当下。（《外台秘要》）误吞铜钱：艾蒿一把，水五升，煎一升，顿服便下。（钱相公《箧中方》）诸虫蛇伤：艾灸数壮甚良。（《集简方》）风虫牙痛：化蜡少许，摊纸上，铺艾，以箸卷成筒，烧烟，随左右熏鼻，吸烟令满口，呵……（原文此处似有缺漏）实……（原文此处似有缺漏）
【气味】苦、辛，暖，无毒。
【主治】明目，疗一切鬼气（甄权）。壮阳，助水脏腰膝，及暖子宫（大明）。
【发明】孟诜说：艾子和干姜等分，为末，蜜丸梧子大。空心每服三十丸，以饭三、五匙压之，日再服。治百恶气，其鬼神速走出。田野之人，与此甚相宜也。
【附录】夏台 《名医别录》有名未用曰：味甘，主百疾，济绝气。
陶弘景说：此药神奇乃尔，不复识用，可恨也。
李时珍说：艾名冰台，此名夏台，艾灸百病能回绝气，此主百病济绝气，恐是一物重出也，故附于艾后。
[Names] Bingtai (from *Erya*), Yicao (from *Bencao Jing* / *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Huangcao (from *Piya*), Ai Hao.
Li Shizhen states: Wang Anshi in his *Zishuo* says: "Ai" can cure diseases, and the longer it is stored, the better its effect; hence the character "Ai" contains the component "Yi" (meaning to govern or prune). Lu Tuan in *Piya* says: *Bowuzhi* records that ice is shaved into a round shape, held up to the sun, and fire is obtained by holding mugwort under its shadow. Thus, the name "Bingtai" for Ai likely originates from this. Physicians use moxibustion with Ai to treat various diseases, so it is called Jiacao (Moxa Grass). One burning session is termed one Zhuang (unit of moxibustion), based on the standard of a healthy adult.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bencao Jing Jizhu* states: Ai leaves grow in fields, harvested on the third day of the third lunar month, and dried in the sun.
Su Song states: It grows everywhere, but those from Fudao and Siming are considered best, said to be particularly effective for moxibustion treating hundred diseases. Seedlings emerge on the ground in early spring; stems resemble Artemisia annua (Hao); leaves are white on the underside; shorter seedlings are preferred. Leaves are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, then dried. They must be aged for a long time before use.
Li Shizhen states: Materia medica texts do not specify the origin of Ai leaves, only stating they grow in fields. In the Song Dynasty, those from Fudao in Tangyin were prized, while those from Siming were illustrated. In recent times, only those from Tangyin are called Bei Ai (Northern Mugwort); those from Siming are called Hai Ai (Sea Mugwort). Since the Chenghua era, those from Qizhou have been superior, presented as tribute, and highly valued by the world, known as Qi Ai (Qizhou Mugwort). It is said that moxibustion with Ai from other places cannot penetrate wine jars, whereas Qi Ai penetrates directly and thoroughly upon one application, which is unique. This herb mostly grows on hills and plains. In the second lunar month, perennial roots sprout seedlings forming clumps; stems grow straight, white, 4-5 chi high. Leaves spread in all directions, resembling Hao, divided into five points, with smaller points on the branches; green on top, white underneath, hairy and soft/thick. In the seventh and eighth lunar months, spikes emerge between leaves like Plantago asiatica spikes, with small flowers, abundant fruits filling branches, containing fine seeds; withers after frost. All are harvested whole-stem on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, dried, and leaves collected. My late father, Mr. Yanwen, wrote a volume titled *Zhuan Qi Ai* (Biography of Qizhou Mugwort). The eulogy says: Produced in the south of mountains, harvested at Dragon Boat Festival. Treating diseases with moxibustion, its merit is no small supplement. Zong Min's *Jingchu Suishi Ji* says: On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month before roosters crow, harvesting Ai resembling human shapes and storing it for moxibustion is very effective. On this day, making Ai into human shapes and hanging them on doors can ward off toxic vapors. Dried stems, dipped in hemp oil and ignited as moxa cones, moisten moxa wounds until healing without pain. It can also replace yarrow stalks for divination and serve as candle wicks.
[Processing] Lei Xiao says: Dry Ai leaves are pounded, green dregs removed, taking only the white part, mixed with a little powdered Pyritum (Shi Liuhuang), called Liuhuang Ai, used by physicians for moxibustion.
Adding a little rice flour allows pounding into powder for internal consumption or medicinal use.
Li Shizhen states: Whenever using Ai leaves, aged ones must be used, processed to be fine and soft, called Shu Ai (Processed/Cooked Mugwort). If raw Ai is used for moxibustion, it damages muscle and vessels. Hence, *Mengzi* says: For a seven-year disease, seek three-year-old Ai. Select clean leaves, winnow dust, pound in a stone mortar until cooked/soft, sieve out dregs, take the white part, pound again until soft and cotton-like. When using, dry by baking to enhance moxibustion power. For women's pills and powders, Shu Ai is required: boiled dry with vinegar, pounded into cakes, dried, then pounded into powder. Those made with glutinous rice paste or stir-fried with wine are inferior. Hong Mai's *Rongzhai Sibi* says: Ai is hard to process; if added with 3-5 slices of Poria cocos (Baifuling) and ground together, it immediately becomes fine powder, which is also unusual.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic. Su Gong says: Raw is cold; cooked is hot. Li Yuansu says: Bitter-warm, Yang within Yin. Li Shizhen says: Bitter and pungent, raw is warm, cooked is hot, ascending and descending, belongs to Yang. Enters the Foot Taiyin (Spleen), Jueyin (Liver), and Shaoyin (Kidney) meridians. Vinegar.
[Indications] Moxibustion treats hundred diseases. Can be made into decoctions to stop hematemesis and dysentery, lower body ulcers, uterine bleeding in women, benefit Yin Qi, generate flesh, dispel wind-cold, and enable conception. Decoctions should not be exposed to wind (*Bencao Jing Jizhu*). Juice extracted and taken stops traumatic bleeding and kills Ascaris (Tao Hongjing). Mainly treats epistaxis, hematochezia, purulent bloody dysentery; water decoction or pills/powders are usable (Su Gong). Stops metrorrhagia, hemorrhoidal bleeding, applies to open wounds, stops abdominal pain, calms fetus. Vinegar-cooked decoction treats tinea well. Juice drunk treats all cold qi in heart/abdomen and Gui Qi (Zhen Quan). Treats leukorrhea, stops cholera with cramps, post-dysenteric chills/fever (Da Ming). Treats Dai Mai pathology, abdominal fullness, waist feeling like sitting in water (Hao Gu). Warms middle, expels cold, removes dampness (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Meng Shen says: In spring, tender Ai is eaten as vegetables, or mixed with flour to make dumplings the size of bullets, swallowing 3-5 pieces, pressed down with rice, treating all evil Qi; long-term use stops cold dysentery. Also, tender Ai made into dry cakes, decocted with ginger, stops diarrhea/dysentery and postpartum bleeding, very wonderful.
Su Song says: In recent times, some take Ai alone, or mix with steamed papaya in pills, or drink as soup on an empty stomach, greatly tonifying deficiency and emaciation. However, when toxicity manifests, hot qi rushes upward, causing uncontrollable mania, even attacking eyes causing ulcers and bleeding; indeed, it should not be taken recklessly.
Zhenheng says: Women infertile often due to blood deficiency failing to grasp essence; vulgar doctors call it uterine deficiency-cold, administering acrid-hot drugs or Ai leaves. Not knowing Ai is extremely hot; entering fire for moxibustion, Qi descends; entering medicine for ingestion, Qi ascends. Materia medica only mentions warmth, not heat. People liking warmth mostly take it; over time toxicity manifests, yet who blames Ai? I examined Su Song's *Tujing* and felt silently moved.
Li Shizhen says: Raw Ai is slightly bitter too pungent; cooked is slightly pungent too bitter; raw warm, cooked hot, pure Yang. It can capture true Fire of the Sun, restore nearly exhausted Yuan Yang. Ingestion travels through Three Yin meridians, driving out all cold-damp, transforming killing Qi into harmony. Moxibustion penetrates all meridians, treating hundred pathogenic evils, restoring critical patients to health, its merit is great. Su Gong said it is raw/cold; Su Song said it is toxic. One saw its ability to stop bleeding; the other saw hot Qi rushing up, thus calling it cold/toxic, which is wrong. Likely unaware that blood follows Qi; Qi moves then blood scatters; it is due to long-term use causing fire to rush up. Drugs treat disease; stop when illness is cured. If one has chronic deficiency-cold, or women with damp-stagnation leukorrhea, using Ai combined with Danggui, Fuzi etc. to treat disease, why not? But wrongly seeking offspring, continuously taking Ai, aided by acrid-hot, drug nature becomes biased long-term, causing fire agitation; whose fault is this? What blame does Ai bear? Aifu Wan treats heart/abdomen/lower abdomen pains, regulates women's diseases, with deep merit. Jiao'ai Tang treats deficient dysentery, and postpartum/pregnancy bleeding, showing remarkable efficacy. For elderly with weak Dantian Qi, fearing cold in navel/abdomen, placing Shu Ai in a cloth bag covering navel/abdomen is wonderful. Cold-damp gout also suits placing this inside socks.
[Attached Formulas] Old 23, New 29.
Shanghan seasonal qi, warm disease headache, high fever surging pulse. Use 3 sheng dry Ai leaves, 1 dou water, boil to 1 sheng, take once to induce sweat (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*). Pregnancy Shanghan high fever, red macules turning black, hematuria: Use Ai leaf size of chicken egg, 3 sheng wine, boil to 2.5 sheng, divide into two doses (*Shanghan Leiyao*). Pregnancy wind-cold stroke, unconsciousness, resembling wind-stroke: Use 3 liang Shu Ai, stir-fry extremely hot with rice vinegar, wrap in silk, apply hot compress below navel, revive after a while (*Funu Liangfang*). Stroke mouth deviation: Use reed tube 5 cun long, insert one end into ear, seal four sides with dough airtight, moxa the other end 7 Zhuang. Right lesion moxa left, left lesion moxa right (*Shengjin Fang*). Stroke lockjaw: Moxa Chengjiang point 1, Jiache point 2 with Shu Ai, 5 Zhuang each (*Qianjin Fang*). Stroke pulling pain, numbness immobility: Use approx. 1 hu dry Ai, knead into balls, place in tile furnace, seal all holes leaving one eye, place painful area... [Text incomplete] Tongue retraction lockjaw: Apply fresh Ai pounded. Wet dry Ai also works (*Shengji Zonglu*). Throat swelling pain: *Yifang Dacheng*: Pound with tender Ai, extract juice, swallow finely. *Jingyan Fang*: Take one handful green Ai with stems/leaves, pound rotten with vinegar, apply on throat. Dry Ai in winter also works. Formula passed by Li Ya. Epilepsy various winds: Moxa Shu Ai at the midpoint between scrotum and anus according to age years (*Doumen Fang*). Ghost strike sudden evil, suddenly attacks person, like knife stabbing, chest/hypochondrium/abdomen piercing cutting pain unpressable, or immediate hematemesis/epistaxis/hematochezia, named Guipai: Use 3 pieces Shu Ai size of chicken egg, 5 sheng water, boil to 2 sheng, take once (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*). Infant umbilical wind grasping mouth: Ai leaves burn to ash, fill navel, bind with cloth effective. Or moxa through garlic, wait for Ai smell in mouth then cure (*Jianbian Fang*). Huhu worm disease, patient teeth colorless, tongue white, or likes sleep unaware of pain/itch, or dysentery, urgently treat lower body. Those ignorant, only attack upper, lower body grows worms eating anus, rotting to see five zang, then death. Burn Ai in tube, smoke lower body letting smoke enter, adding realgar is better. Smoke in jar also works (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*). Head wind chronic pain: Qi Ai knead into pills, sniff occasionally, until yellow fluid flows (*Qingnang Zazuan*). Head wind facial ulcer, itching yellow fluid: 2 liang Ai leaves, 1 jin vinegar, decoct in clay pot to get juice, paste on thin paper. Apply 1-2 times daily (*Shengji Zonglu*). Heart/abdomen evil Qi: Pound Ai leaves, extract juice drink (*Yaoxing Lun*). Spleen/stomach cold pain: Bai Ai powder, take 2 qian with boiling water (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*). Roundworm heart pain like stabbing, spitting clear water: 1 sheng Bai Shu Ai, 3 sheng water, boil to 1 sheng drink, vomit worms out. Or take fresh Ai juice, eat fragrant meat slice at 5 am, then drink 1 sheng, pass worms out (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*). Spitting clear water: Decoct dry Qi Ai tea (*Guai Zheng Qi Fang*). Cholera profuse diarrhea unceasing: 1 bunch Ai, 3 sheng water, boil to 1 sheng, take once (*Waitai Miyao*). Old mild white dysentery: Ai Jiang Wan: 4 liang Chen Bei Ai, 3 liang Ganjiang (roasted), powder, vinegar boil millet paste pill size of wutong seed. Take 7... [Text incomplete] Various dysentery chronic: Ai leaves, Chenpi equal parts, decoct drink. Or powder, wine boil rotten rice mix pill, take 20-30 pills with salt water. Acute diarrhea unceasing: 1 bunch Chen Ai, 1 piece ginger, water boil hot drink (*Shengsheng Bian*). Hematochezia after stool: Ai leaves, ginger decoct strong juice, take 3 he (*Qianjin Fang*). Wild pheasant hemorrhoid disease: First wash with Huai Liu soup, moxa 7 Zhuang on it, effective. Physician Wang Ji riding mule to Sichuan, days later hemorrhoid major outbreak... [Text incomplete] 5 Zhuang, suddenly feel hot qi enter intestine, then profuse diarrhea, blood/filth both out, after diarrhea lost cucumber location (*Jingyan Fang*). Pregnancy bleeding: Zhang Zhongjing says: Women with leaking down, half-birth postpartum bleeding unceasing, pregnancy bleeding, all suitable Jiao Ai Tang. Clear wine 3 sheng, boil to 3 sheng, add gelatin melt completely, warm drink 1 sheng, 3 times/day (*Jingui Yaolue*). Pregnancy fetal movement or back pain, or seizing heart, or bleeding unceasing, or breech birth child dead in womb: Ai leaf size of chicken egg, 4 sheng wine, boil to 2 sheng, divide 2 doses (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*). Fetal movement pressing heart pain: Ai leaf size of chicken egg. Head vinegar 4 sheng, boil to 2 sheng, divide warm drink (*Zimu Milu*). Women metrorrhagia continuous days: Shu Ai size of chicken egg, Ejiao (fried powder) 0.5 liang, Ganjiang 1 qian. 5 wan water, first boil Ai/Ginger to 2.5 wan, pour out, add gelatin melt, divide 3 doses, finish in one day (Chu Yushi *Gujin Luyan*). Postpartum bleeding unceasing: 0.5 liang dry Ai leaves, 0.5 liang roasted old ginger, strong decoct soup, one dose stops, wonderful (Meng Shen *Shiliao Bencao*). Postpartum abdominal pain wanting death, caused by cold: 2 jin Chen Qi Ai. Bake dry, pound spread on navel, cover with silk, iron hot compress, wait Ai smell from mouth, pain stops (*Yangcheng Jingyan Fang*). Sudden hematemesis 1-2 mouthfuls, or cardiac epistaxis, or internal collapse: 3 balls Shu Ai, 5 sheng water, boil to 2 sheng drink. Another formula: Burn ash water drink. Epistaxis unceasing: Blow Ai ash. Or decoct Ai leaves drink (*Shenghui Fang*). Night sweats unceasing: 2 qian Shu Ai, 3 qian Baifushen, 3 Wumei, 1 zhong water, boil to 8 fen, warm drink before sleep (*Tongmiao Zhenren Fang*). Fire eye swelling pain: Burn Ai till smoke rises, cover with bowl, wait smoke gone, scrape coal from bowl bottom, dissolve in warm water wash eye, then heal. Add more... [Text incomplete] Face... [Text incomplete] Ai ash, Sang ash 3 sheng each, water leach juice, leach 3 times, put five-color cloth in, boil together, make... [Text incomplete] Women facial ulcer named Fen Hua Chuang: 5 qian Dingfen, rapeseed oil mix mud in bowl, use 1-2 balls Ai, burn smoke fumigate, wait smoke gone... [Text incomplete] Body/facial warts: Moxa fire 3 Zhuang remove (*Shenghui Fang*). Goose palm wind disease: True Qi Ai 4-5 liang, 4-5 bowls water, boil 5-6 rolling, put in large bottle, tie 2 layers hemp cloth, place palm on bottle fumigate, if cold reheat, like spirit (Lu Shi *Jide Tang Fang*). Ulcer/scabies fumigation method: 1 liang Shu Qi Ai, 3 qian Mumiezi, 2 qian Xionghuang, 1 qian Liuhuang. Powder, rub into Ai, divide 4 strips. Each strip place in Yin-Yang tiles, put in quilt bake fumigate, afterwards take Tongsheng San (*Yifang Jiangyao*). Infant gan ulcer: 1 liang Ai leaves, 1 sheng water, boil to 4 he, divide 3 doses (*Beiji Fang*). Infant rotting ulcer: Ai leaves burn ash, apply, good (*Zimu Milu*). Cold wound not closing: Shu Ai burn smoke fumigate (*Jingyan Fang*). White vitiligo ulcer: Dry Ai as needed, soak qu to brew wine as usual, drink daily, feel numbness then heal (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*). Carbuncle swelling toxin: 1 dan Ai Hao burn ash, leach juice in bamboo tube, take 1-2 he, mix with Duanshi like paste. First prick ulcer to pain, then apply medicine 3 times, root pulls out naturally. Han Guang from Yushan used this miraculously. Early Zhenguan, Quzhou Xu Shijun found this formula. I used to treat 30+ people, effective (Sun Taoren *Qianjin Fang*). Back carbuncle initial not formed, and various heat swellings: Paste wet paper on, first drying spot is head, moxa it. Regardless of Zhuang count, painful moxa till painless; painless moxa till painful then stop. Toxicity disperses, if not disperses avoids internal attack, divine formula (Li Jiang *Bingbu Shouji*). Abscess not closing, cold stagnation wound: Wash with Bei Ai decoction, fumigate with Baijiao (*Zhizhi Fang*). Throat bone stuck: Use several sheng fresh Ai Hao, water/wine total 1 dou, boil to 4 sheng, drink slowly, should pass (*Waitai Miyao*). Accidentally swallowed copper coin: 1 bunch Ai Hao, 5 sheng water, boil to 1 sheng, take once pass (Qian Xianggong *Qiezhong Fang*). Various insect/snake bites: Moxa several Zhuang very good (*Jijian Fang*). Wind-worm toothache: Melt little wax, spread on paper, lay Ai, roll chopsticks into tube, burn smoke, fumigate nose left/right according to side, inhale smoke till full mouth, exhale... [Text incomplete] Solid... [Text incomplete]
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Brighten eyes, treat all Gui Qi (Zhen Quan). Strengthen Yang, assist Kidney/Water organ waist/knees, and warm uterus (Da Ming).
[Elucidation] Meng Shen says: Ai Zi and Ganjiang equal parts, powder, honey pill size wutong seed. Empty stomach take 30 pills, press with 3-5 spoons rice, twice daily. Treat hundred evil Qi, ghosts/spirits quickly exit. Field people, this is very suitable.
[Appendix] Xiatai *Bencao Jing Jizhu* names unused says: Sweet taste, main hundred diseases, save dying Qi.
Tao Hongjing says: This medicine is miraculous thus, no longer recognize use, regrettable.
Li Shizhen says: Ai named Bingtai, this named Xiatai, Ai moxa hundred diseases can return dying Qi, this main hundred diseases save dying Qi, likely same substance repeated, so appended after Ai.