（《别录》下品）。
【释名】时珍曰∶苎麻作 ，可以绩 ，故谓之 。凡麻丝之细者，为 ；粗者为 。
陶弘景云∶苎即今绩苎麻是也。麻字从广，从林（音派），象屋下林麻之形。广音掩。
【集解】颂曰∶苎麻旧不着所出州土，今闽、蜀、江、浙多有之。剥其皮可以绩布。苗
高七八尺。叶如楮叶而无叉，面青背白，有短毛。夏秋间着细穗青花。其
月、八月采。按陆玑《草木疏》云∶苎一科数十茎，宿根在土中，至春自生，不须栽种。荆
扬间岁三刈，诸园种之岁再刈，便剥取其皮，以竹刮其表，浓处自脱，得里如筋者煮之，用
缉布。今江、浙、闽中尚复如此。
数十穗，青白色。
时珍曰∶苎，家苎也。又有山苎，野苎也。有紫苎，叶面紫；白苎，叶面青，其背皆白。
可刮洗煮食救荒，味甘美。其子茶褐色，九月收之，二月可种。宿根亦自生。
根
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。权曰∶甘，平。大明曰∶甘、滑，冷，无毒。
【主治】安胎，贴热丹毒（《别录》）。治心膈热，漏胎下血，产前后心烦，天行热疾，
大渴大狂，服金石药人心热， 毒箭蛇虫咬（大明）。沤苎汁
【发明】震亨曰∶苎根大能补阴而行滞血，方药或恶其贱，似未曾用也。
藏器曰∶苎性破血，将苎麻
与产妇枕之，止血晕。产后腹痛，以苎安腹上即止也。又蚕咬人毒入肉，取苎汁饮之。今人
以苎近蚕种，则蚕不生是矣。
【附方】旧四，新八。
痰哮咳嗽∶苎根（ 存性），为末，生豆腐蘸三五钱，食即效。未全，可以肥猪肉二、
三片蘸食，甚妙。（《医学正传》）
小便不通∶《圣惠方》∶用麻根、蛤粉各半两，为末。每服二钱，空心新汲水下。《摘玄
方》∶用苎根洗研，摊绢上，贴少腹连阴际，须臾即通。
妙。亦治诸淋。（《圣惠方》）
五种淋疾∶苎麻根两茎，打碎。以水一碗半，煎半碗，顿服即通，大妙。（《斗门方》）
妊娠胎动，忽下黄汁如胶，或如小豆汁，腹痛不可忍者∶苎根（去黑皮，切）二升，银一
斤，水九升，煎四升。每服以水一升，入酒半升，煎一升，分作二服。一方∶不用银。（《梅
师方》）
肛门肿痛∶生苎根捣烂，坐之良。（《濒湖集简方》）
脱肛不收∶苎根捣烂，煎汤熏洗之。（《圣惠方》）
痈疽发背，初起未成者。苎根（熟）捣敷上，日夜数易，肿消则瘥。（《图经本草》）
五色丹毒∶苎根煮浓汁，日三浴之。（《外台秘要》）
鸡鱼骨哽∶《谈野翁试验方》∶用苎麻根捣汁，以匙挑灌之，立效。《医方大成》∶用野苎
麻根捣碎，丸如龙眼大，鱼骨鱼汤
叶
【气味】同根。
【主治】金疮伤折血出，瘀血（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶苎麻叶甚散血，五月五日收取，和锻石捣作团，晒干收贮。遇有金疮
折损者，研末敷之，即时
六月收野苎叶、苏叶，
生猪血试之，可验也。秋冬用干叶亦可。
【附方】新三。
五日采麻叶，阴干为末。每服二钱，冷水调下。勿吃热物，令人闷倒。只吃冷物。小
儿半钱。（《杨子建护命方》）
冷痢白冻∶方同上。
蛇虺咬伤∶青麻嫩头捣汁，和酒等分，服三盏。以渣敷之，毒从窍中出
，以渣弃水中即不发。看伤处
有窍是雄蛇，无窍是雌蛇，以针挑破伤处成窍，敷药。（《摘玄方》）
（收录于《名医别录》下品）。
【释名】李时珍说：苎麻可以绩麻织布，所以称为“苎”。凡是麻丝中细的，称为“苎”；粗的称为“麻”。
陶弘景说：苎就是现在绩麻用的苎麻。麻字从广，从林（音pài），象征屋下堆放麻株的形状。“广”音同“掩”。
【集解】苏颂说：苎麻过去没有记载出产的州土，现在福建、四川、江苏、浙江等地多有生长。剥取它的皮可以绩麻织布。植株高七八尺。叶子像楮树叶但没有分叉，叶面青绿色，叶背白色，有短毛。夏秋之间结细小的穗，开青花。在七月、八月采收。据陆玑《草木疏》记载：苎麻一科有几十茎，宿根在土中，到春天自然生出，不需要栽种。荆州、扬州一带一年收割三次，其他园圃种植的一年收割两次，就剥取其皮，用竹片刮去表皮，厚的部分自然脱落，得到里面如筋一样的纤维煮制，用来缉缝布料。现在江苏、浙江、福建地区仍然如此。
数十个穗，呈青白色。
李时珍说：苎，指家种苎麻。还有山苎，是野生的苎麻。有紫苎，叶面紫色；白苎，叶面青色，叶背都是白色的。可以刮洗煮食以救荒年，味道甘甜美味。其种子茶褐色，九月收集，二月可以播种。宿根也能自然再生。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。雷敩说：甘，平。寇宗奭说：甘、滑，冷，无毒。
【主治】安胎，贴敷治疗热丹毒（出自《名医别录》）。治疗心膈热，胎漏下血，产前产后心烦，时行热病，大渴大狂，服用金石类药物导致的心热，以及毒箭蛇虫咬伤（出自寇宗奭）。沤制的苎麻汁……（原文此处似有缺漏或排版错误，依文意补全逻辑）
【发明】朱震亨说：苎根大能补阴并运行滞血，但方药中可能因其廉价而厌恶它，似乎未曾使用过。
陈藏器说：苎性破血，将苎麻给产妇做枕头，可止血晕。产后腹痛，将苎安放在腹部上疼痛即止。另外蚕咬人后毒入肉中，取苎汁饮用。现在人们把苎靠近蚕种，则蚕不生，这是事实。
【附方】旧方四首，新方八首。
痰哮咳嗽：苎根（煅存性），研为末，用生豆腐蘸取三五钱食用，即刻见效。若未全愈，可用肥猪肉二三片蘸食，非常妙。（出自《医学正传》）
小便不通：《圣惠方》：用麻根、蛤粉各半两，研为末。每次服二钱，空腹时用新汲水下服。《摘玄方》：用苎根洗净研烂，摊在绢上，贴敷少腹连阴际处，片刻即通。甚妙。也治疗各种淋证。（出自《圣惠方》）
五种淋疾：苎麻根两茎，打碎。用水一碗半，煎至半碗，一次性服下即通，非常妙。（出自《斗门方》）
妊娠胎动，忽然流出黄汁如胶，或如小豆汁，腹痛不可忍受：苎根（去掉黑皮，切片）二升，银一斤，水九升，煎至四升。每次取水一升，加入酒半升，煎至一升，分两次服用。另一法：不用银。（出自《梅师方》）
肛门肿痛：生苎根捣烂，坐浴其上良效。（出自《濒湖集简方》）
脱肛不收：苎根捣烂，煎汤熏洗。（出自《圣惠方》）
痈疽发背，初起未成脓者。苎根（煮熟）捣敷患处，日夜多次更换，肿消则痊愈。（出自《图经本草》）
五色丹毒：苎根煮浓汁，每日洗浴三次。（出自《外台秘要》）
鸡鱼骨哽：《谈野翁试验方》：用苎麻根捣汁，用勺子挑灌入口，立竿见影。《医方大成》：用野苎麻根捣碎，丸如龙眼大小，吞服。（原文此处“鱼骨鱼汤”疑似排版错乱，结合语境应为治骨鲠）
【叶】
【气味】与根相同。
【主治】金疮伤折出血，瘀血（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：苎麻叶甚散血，五月五日采集，和锻石捣作团，晒干收贮。遇到有金疮折损者，研末敷之，即时止血。
六月采集野苎叶、苏叶，
生猪血试之，可验证也。秋冬用干叶亦可。
【附方】新方三首。
（原文此处缺失具体病症描述，直接给出方剂用法，推测为前文提到的某种出血或相关症状，依原文直译）
五日采麻叶，阴干为末。每次服二钱，冷水调下。不要吃热物，令人闷倒。只吃冷物。小儿半钱。（出自《杨子建护命方》）
冷痢白冻：方同上。
蛇虺咬伤：青麻嫩头捣汁，和酒等分，服三盏。以渣敷之，毒从窍中出，以渣弃水中即不发。看伤处有窍是雄蛇，无窍是雌蛇，以针挑破伤处成窍，敷药。（出自《摘玄方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Category of *Bie Lu*).
[Names] Li Shizhen stated: "Zhu" (Boehmeria nivea) can be spun into thread and woven, hence the name. Among hemp fibers, those that are fine are called "Zhu", while those that are coarse are called "Ma".
Tao Hongjing stated: "Zhu" refers to the Boehmeria nivea used for spinning today. The character "Ma" consists of the radical "Guang" (broad) and "Lin" (pronounced pài), symbolizing the shape of hemp stalks piled under a roof. "Guang" is pronounced like "Yan".
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song stated: Previously, the origin provinces of Zhu were not recorded; now it is abundant in Fujian, Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang. Its bark can be peeled to spin cloth. The plant grows seven or eight chi high. The leaves resemble those of the paper mulberry but are unlobed, with a green upper surface and white underside, covered with short hairs. In summer and autumn, it bears slender spikes with small blue flowers. It is harvested in the seventh and eighth lunar months. According to Lu Ji's *Caomu Shu*: One clump of Zhu has dozens of stems; the perennial roots remain in the soil and sprout naturally in spring without need for replanting. In Jing and Yang regions, it is harvested three times a year; in other gardens, twice a year. The bark is then peeled, scraped with bamboo to remove the outer layer, leaving the inner fibrous part which is boiled and used for sewing cloth. This practice continues in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian today.
Dozens of spikes, greenish-white.
Li Shizhen stated: Zhu refers to cultivated Boehmeria nivea. There is also Shan Zhu (mountain Zhu), which is wild. There is Zi Zhu (purple Zhu) with purple leaf surfaces; and Bai Zhu (white Zhu) with green leaf surfaces and white undersides. They can be scraped, washed, boiled, and eaten to survive famine; they taste sweet and delicious. Their seeds are tea-brown, collected in September and planted in February. The perennial roots also regenerate naturally.
[Rhizome Properties] Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Lei Xiao stated: Sweet, neutral. Kou Zongshi stated: Sweet, slippery, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Calms the fetus; applied externally to treat hot erysipelas (*Bie Lu*). Treats heat in the heart and diaphragm, threatened abortion with bleeding, irritability before and after childbirth, epidemic febrile diseases, extreme thirst and mania, heart heat caused by ingesting mineral medicines, and bites from venomous arrows, snakes, and insects. Fermented Zhu juice... [Text appears incomplete/corrupted here].
[Elucidation] Zhu Zhenheng stated: The root of Zhu greatly nourishes Yin and moves stagnant blood, yet it may be avoided in prescriptions due to its cheapness, seemingly rarely used.
Chen Cangqi stated: Zhu has a blood-breaking property. Placing Boehmeria nivea as a pillow for postpartum women stops bleeding and dizziness. For postpartum abdominal pain, placing Zhu on the abdomen stops the pain. Additionally, if bitten by a silkworm with toxin entering the flesh, drinking Zhu juice helps. It is observed that placing Zhu near silkworm eggs prevents them from hatching, which is true.
[Prescriptions] Four old prescriptions, eight new ones.
Phlegm-wheezing cough: Zhu root (calcined to retain charred nature), ground into powder. Dip raw tofu in 3-5 qian and eat; effective immediately. If not fully cured, dip 2-3 slices of fatty pork in the powder and eat; very effective. (*Yixue Zhengchuan*)
Dysuria: *Shenghui Fang*: Use Ma root and蛤粉 (Arca Shell Powder) each half liang, ground into powder. Take 2 qian per dose with fresh water on an empty stomach. *Zhaxuan Fang*: Wash and grind Zhu root, spread on silk, and apply to the lower abdomen extending to the genital area; urination resumes shortly. Very effective. Also treats various types of strangury. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Five types of strangury: Two stems of Boehmeria nivea root, crushed. Decoct in 1.5 bowls of water until reduced to half a bowl; take in one dose for immediate relief. Very effective. (*Doumen Fang*)
Fetal restlessness during pregnancy, sudden discharge of yellow fluid resembling glue or adzuki bean soup, unbearable abdominal pain: Zhu root (remove black skin, slice) 2 sheng, silver 1 jin, water 9 sheng. Decoct to 4 sheng. Take 1 sheng of this decoction, add 0.5 sheng of wine, re-decoct to 1 sheng. Divide into two doses. Another method: Do not use silver. (*Meishi Fang*)
Anal swelling and pain: Crush fresh Zhu root and sit in it; good effect. (*Binhu Jijian Fang*)
Rectal prolapse: Crush Zhu root, decoct in water, and fumigate/wash the area. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Carbuncle and back abscess, in early stage before suppuration: Cook Zhu root, crush, and apply to the site. Change several times day and night; heals when swelling subsides. (*Tujing Bencao*)
Five-colored erysipelas: Decoct Zhu root to make a thick juice; bathe three times daily. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Chicken or fish bone stuck in throat: *Tanyeweng Shiyian Fang*: Crush Boehmeria nivea root, extract juice, and spoon-feed; immediate effect. *Yifang Dacheng*: Crush wild Boehmeria nivea root, form pills the size of longan fruits, and swallow. [Note: Text fragment "fish bone fish soup" appears misplaced].
[Leaf]
[Properties] Same as the root.
[Indications] External bleeding from metal wounds or fractures, blood stasis (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: Boehmeria nivea leaves strongly disperse blood. Collect on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, mix with lime (calcium oxide), pound into balls, dry, and store. When treating metal wounds or fractures, grind into powder and apply; it stops bleeding instantly.
Collect wild Zhu leaves and Perilla leaves in June,
Test with raw pig blood to verify. Dry leaves can also be used in autumn and winter.
[New Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions.
[Symptom description missing in source text, proceeding with prescription instructions]
Collect hemp leaves on the fifth day, shade-dry, and grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with cold water. Avoid hot food to prevent fainting; consume only cold items. Infants take half a qian. (*Yangzijian Huming Fang*)
Cold dysentery with white mucus: Prescription same as above.
Snake bite: Crush tender tips of green hemp, mix with equal parts wine, drink three cups. Apply the residue to the wound; toxin exits through pores. Discard the residue in water to prevent recurrence. Check if the wound has a pore: if yes, it is a male snake; if no, female. Puncture the wound with a needle to create a pore, then apply medicine. (*Zhaxuan Fang*)