（ ，音顷。《唐本草》）
【释名】白麻。
时珍曰∶ 一作KT ，又作KT ，种必连顷，故谓之KT 也。
【集解】恭曰∶ ，即KT 麻也。今人取皮作布及索者。实似大麻子，九月、十月采，
阴干。
颂曰∶处处有之。北人种以绩布，及打绳索。苗高四、五尺，或六、七尺，叶似苎而薄，
花黄，实壳如蜀葵，其中子黑色。
时珍曰∶ 麻今之白麻也。多生卑湿处，人亦种之。叶大似桐叶，团而有尖。六七月开
黄花。结实如半磨形，有齿，嫩青老黑。中子扁黑，状如黄葵子。其茎轻虚洁白。北人取皮
作麻。以茎蘸硫黄作淬灯，引火甚速。其嫩子，小
实
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
【主治】赤白冷热痢，炒研为末，每蜜汤服一钱。痈肿无头者，吞一枚（苏恭）。
生眼翳瘀肉，起倒睫拳毛（时珍）。
根
【主治】亦治痢，古方用之（苏颂）。
【附方】新三。
一切眼疾∶ 麻子一升。为末。以 猪肝批片，蘸末炙
服一字，陈米饮下
，磨去壳，马尾筛取黄肉去焦壳，每十两可得四两
药慢炙熟，为末，醋和丸梧子大。每服三十丸，白汤下。一方∶以KT 实内袋中蒸熟，暴
为末，蜜丸。温水下。（《圣济总录》）
（《别录》中品）
【释名】时珍曰∶其茎叶皆深青，故名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶大青三四月采茎，阴干。
弘景曰∶今出东境及近道，紫茎长尺许，茎、叶皆用。
颂曰∶今江东州郡及荆南、眉、蜀、濠、淄诸州皆有之。春生青紫茎，似石竹苗叶，花
红紫色，似马蓼，亦似芫花，根黄，三月、四月采茎叶，阴干用。
时珍曰∶处处有之。高二、三尺，茎圆。叶长三、四寸，面青背淡，对节而生。八月开
小花，红色成簇。结青实大如椒颗。九月色赤。
茎叶
【气味】苦，大寒，无毒。权曰∶甘。时珍曰∶甘、微咸，不苦。
【主治】时气头痛，大热口疮（《别录》）。除时行热毒
权）。治热毒风，心
主热毒痢，黄胆、喉痹、丹毒（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶古方治伤寒黄汗、黄胆等，有大青汤。又治伤寒头身强、腰脊痛，葛根
汤内亦用大青。大抵时疾多用之。
寒也。朱肱《活人书》治伤寒发赤斑烦痛，有犀角大青汤、大青四物汤。故李象先《指掌赋》
云∶阳毒则狂斑烦乱，以大青、升麻，可回困笃。
【附方】新六。喉风喉痹∶大青叶捣汁灌之，取效止。（《卫生易简方》）小儿口疮∶大
青十八铢，黄连十二铢。水三升，煮一升服。一日二服，以瘥为度。（《千金方》）热病下痢
困笃者∶大青汤∶用大青四两，甘草、赤石脂三两，胶二两，豉八合。水一斗，煮三升，分
三服，不过二剂瘥。（《肘后方》）
热病发斑，赤色烦痛∶大青四物汤∶用大青一两，阿胶、甘草各二钱半，豉二合，分三
服。每用水一盏半，煎一盏，入胶烊化服。又犀角大青汤∶用大青七钱半，犀角二钱半，栀
子十枚，豉二撮，分二服。每服水一盏半，煎八分，温服。（《南阳活人书》）
肚皮青黑，小儿卒然肚皮青黑，乃血气失养，风寒乘之，危恶之候也∶大青为末，纳口
中，以酒送下。（《保幼大全方》）
（音“顷”。出自《唐本草》）
【释名】白麻。
李时珍说：有的写作“KT”，有的写作“KT”，种植时必须成片相连，所以称为“KT”麻。
【集解】苏恭说：“KT”麻就是苎麻。现在人们取它的皮制作布匹和绳索。果实类似大麻籽，在九月、十月采集，阴干保存。
苏颂说：到处都有生长。北方人种植它以绩织布匹，并打制绳索。植株高四、五尺，或六、七尺，叶子像苎麻叶但较薄，花黄色，果实外壳像蜀葵，里面的种子是黑色的。
李时珍说：“KT”麻就是现在的白麻。多生长在低洼潮湿的地方，人们也种植它。叶子大得像桐叶，圆形且有尖端。六月、七月开黄花。结的果实像半个磨盘形状，边缘有齿，嫩时青色，老时黑色。里面的种子扁而黑，形状像黄葵子。它的茎秆轻虚洁白。北方人取皮制作麻制品。用茎秆蘸硫磺作为浸灯芯，点火非常快。其嫩籽实
【气味】苦味，平性，无毒。
【主治】赤白冷热痢疾，炒熟研成粉末，每次用蜜水送服一钱。痈肿没有脓头的，吞服一枚（苏恭）。
生除眼翳和瘀肉，矫正倒睫拳毛（李时珍）。
根
【主治】也能治疗痢疾，古方中使用它（苏颂）。
【附方】新收录三方。
各种眼疾：“KT”麻子一升。研成粉末。将猪肝切片，蘸取药末烤慢火炙熟，研成粉末，用醋调和制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用三十丸，白开水送下。另一法：将“KT”麻实装入袋中蒸熟，晒干后研成粉末，蜂蜜调和制成丸剂。温水送下。（《圣济总录》）
（出自《别录》，列为中品）
【释名】李时珍说：它的茎叶都是深青色，所以得名。
【集解】《别录》说：大青在三四月采集茎，阴干。
陶弘景说：现在出产于东境及邻近地区，紫红色茎秆长约一尺左右，茎、叶都入药。
苏颂说：现在江东各州郡以及荆南、眉州、蜀州、濠州、淄州等地都有生长。春天生出青紫色茎秆，像石竹的苗叶，花红紫色，像马蓼，也像芫花，根黄色，三月、四月采集茎叶，阴干使用。
李时珍说：到处都有生长。高二、三尺，茎圆。叶子长三、四寸，正面青色背面淡色，对节而生。八月开小花，红色成簇。结青色果实大如椒粒。九月颜色变红。
茎叶
【气味】苦味，大寒性，无毒。徐权说：甘味。李时珍说：甘味、微咸味，不苦。
【主治】时气病引起的头痛，高热口疮（《别录》）。去除时行热毒（徐权）。治疗热毒风，心主热毒痢疾，黄疸、喉痹、丹毒（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：古方治疗伤寒黄汗、黄疸等，有大青汤。又治疗伤寒头身强直、腰脊痛，葛根汤中也使用大青。大致上治疗时疫疾病多用此药。
朱肱《活人书》治疗伤寒发赤斑烦痛，有犀角大青汤、大青四物汤。所以李象先《指掌赋》说：阳毒导致狂躁、斑疹烦乱，使用大青、升麻，可以挽回危重病情。
【附方】新收录六方。喉风喉痹：大青叶捣汁灌服，见效即止。（《卫生易简方》）小儿口疮：大青十八铢，黄连十二铢。水三升，煮至一升服用。一日两次，以痊愈为度。（《千金方》）热病下痢病情危重者：大青汤：用大青四两，甘草、赤石脂三两，阿胶二两，豆豉八合。水一斗，煮取三升，分三次服用，不超过两剂即可痊愈。（《肘后方》）
热病发斑，赤色烦痛：大青四物汤：用大青一两，阿胶、甘草各二钱半，豆豉二合，分三次服用。每次用水一盏半，煎至一盏，加入阿胶烊化后服用。又有犀角大青汤：用大青七钱半，犀角二钱半，栀子十枚，豆豉两撮，分两次服用。每次用水一盏半，煎至八分，温服。（《南阳活人书》）
肚皮青黑：小儿突然肚皮青黑，这是血气失养，风寒乘虚而入，是危险恶劣的征候：大青研成粉末，放入口中，用酒送下。（《保幼大全方》）
(Qin, pronounced "qing". From *Tang Bencao*).
[Names] Bai Ma (White Hemp).
Li Shizhen stated: It is sometimes written as "KT", and sometimes as "KT". It must be planted in contiguous plots, hence the name "KT" hemp.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Gong said: "KT" hemp is indeed Ramie (*Boehmeria nivea*). Nowadays, people take its bark to make cloth and ropes. The fruit resembles hemp seeds; it is harvested in September and October and dried in the shade.
Su Song said: It grows everywhere. People in the north plant it to weave cloth and make ropes. The seedling grows four or five chi tall, or six or seven chi tall. The leaves resemble ramie leaves but are thinner. The flowers are yellow. The fruit shell resembles that of Chinese hibiscus (*Hibiscus mutabilis*), and the seeds inside are black.
Li Shizhen said: "KT" hemp is the white hemp of today. It mostly grows in low and damp places, and people also cultivate it. The leaves are large, resembling paulownia leaves, round with a pointed tip. It blooms yellow flowers in June and July. The fruit is shaped like half a millstone, with teeth on the edge; it is green when tender and black when old. The seeds inside are flat and black, resembling the seeds of Yellow Hibiscus (*Abelmoschus manihot*). Its stem is light, hollow, and pure white. People in the north use the bark to make hemp products. Stems dipped in sulfur can be used as lamp wicks for quick ignition. Its tender seeds...
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Dysentery of red and white colors, cold and hot types. Roasted and ground into powder, taken orally with honey water, one qian per dose. For carbuncles and swellings without heads, swallow one piece (Su Gong).
It generates eye nebulae and granulation tissue, and corrects inverted eyelashes and curled lashes (Li Shizhen).
Root
[Indications] Also treats dysentery; used in ancient formulas (Su Song).
[Attached Formulas] Three new formulas.
All eye diseases: One sheng of "KT" hemp seeds. Ground into powder. Slice pig liver, dip in the powder, roast slowly over low heat until cooked, grind into powder, mix with vinegar to make pills the size of wu zi (catalpa seeds). Take thirty pills per dose, washed down with plain boiled water. Another method: Steam "KT" hemp fruits in a bag until cooked, dry in the sun, grind into powder, mix with honey to make pills. Wash down with warm water. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
(From *Bielu*, Middle Grade)
[Names] Li Shizhen said: Because its stems and leaves are all deep cyan, it is named so.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Da Qing (Isatidis Folium) stems are harvested in March and April and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing said: It is now produced in the eastern regions and nearby areas. It has purple stems about one chi long; both stems and leaves are used medicinally.
Su Song said: It is found in Jiangdong prefectures and Jingnan, Meizhou, Shuzhou, Haozhou, and Zhouzhou. In spring, it produces cyan-purple stems resembling the seedlings and leaves of Dianthus (*Dianthus chinensis*). The flowers are red-purple, resembling Polygonum aviculare (*Polygonum aviculare*), and also resembling Genkwa Flos (*Daphne genkwa*). The root is yellow. Stems and leaves are harvested in March and April and dried in the shade for use.
Li Shizhen said: It grows everywhere. It is two or three chi tall with round stems. Leaves are three or four cun long, cyan on the front and pale on the back, growing opposite each other at nodes. Small red flowers bloom in clusters in August. It bears cyan fruits the size of peppercorns. The color turns red in September.
Stems and Leaves
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, very cold, non-toxic. Xu Quan said: Sweet. Li Shizhen said: Sweet, slightly salty, not bitter.
[Indications] Headache caused by seasonal pathogens, severe mouth ulcers due to high fever (*Bielu*). Eliminates epidemic heat toxins (Xu Quan). Treats heat-toxin wind, heart-heat toxin dysentery, jaundice, throat obstruction (hou bi), and erysipelas (dan du) (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Su Song said: Ancient formulas for treating Shanghan (cold damage) with yellow sweat and jaundice include Da Qing Tang (Isatis Decoction). It is also used in Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction) to treat Shanghan with stiffness of the head and body, and pain in the waist and spine. Generally, it is frequently used for epidemic diseases.
Zhu Gong's *Huoren Shu* (Book for Saving Lives) for treating Shanghan with red macules, irritability, and pain includes Xijiao Da Qing Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Isatis Decoction) and Da Qing Siwu Tang (Isatis Four Substances Decoction). Therefore, Li Xiangxian's *Zhizhang Fu* states: Yang toxicity causing mania, macules, and irritability can be rescued using Da Qing (Isatidis Folium) and Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma).
[Attached Formulas] Six new formulas.
Houfeng (throat wind) and Hou Bi (throat obstruction): Crush Da Qing Ye (Isatidis Folium) to extract juice and administer orally; stop once effective. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*)
Pediatric mouth ulcers: Da Qing (Isatidis Folium) 18 zhu, Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) 12 zhu. Add three sheng of water, boil down to one sheng and administer. Twice daily, until healed. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Severe dysentery due to heat disease: Da Qing Tang (Isatis Decoction): Use Da Qing (Isatidis Folium) 4 liang, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Chishizhi (Halloysit Rubrum) 3 liang each, Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) 2 liang, Chi Dou (Sojae Semen Praeparatum) 8 he. Add ten dou of water, boil down to three sheng, divide into three doses. Healing usually occurs within two doses. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Heat disease with macules, redness, irritability, and pain: Da Qing Siwu Tang (Isatis Four Substances Decoction): Use Da Qing (Isatidis Folium) 1 liang, Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 2.5 qian each, Chi Dou (Sojae Semen Praeparatum) 2 he. Divide into three doses. For each dose, add one and a half zhan of water, decoct to one zhan, dissolve Ejiao in the liquid, and administer. Another formula: Xijiao Da Qing Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Isatis Decoction): Use Da Qing (Isatidis Folium) 7.5 qian, Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu) 2.5 qian, Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) 10 pieces, Chi Dou (Sojae Semen Praeparatum) two pinches. Divide into two doses. For each dose, add one and a half zhan of water, decoct to eight fen, and administer warm. (*Nanyang Huoren Shu*)
Green and black abdomen: Sudden green and black discoloration of the abdomen in children indicates loss of nourishment of blood and qi, with wind-cold taking advantage; this is a critical and ominous sign. Grind Da Qing (Isatidis Folium) into powder, place in the mouth, and wash down with wine. (*Baoyou Daquan Fang*)