（苔类一十六种）
（《别录》中品）
【释名】侧梨（恭）、水苔（《开宝》）、石发（同）、石衣（《广雅》）、水衣（《说文》）、
水绵（《纲目》）、 （音覃）。
恭曰∶《药对》云∶河中侧梨。侧梨、陟厘，声相近也。王子年《拾遗记》∶晋武帝赐张
华侧理纸，乃水苔为之，后人讹陟厘为侧理耳。此乃水中粗苔，作纸青黄色，名苔纸，体涩。
《范东阳方》云∶水中石上生者，如毛，绿色。石发之名以此。
时珍曰∶郭璞曰∶ ，水苔也。一名石发。江东食之。案∶石发有二∶生水中者为陟厘，
生陆地者为乌韭。
【集解】《别录》曰∶陟厘生江南池泽。
弘景曰∶此即南人用作纸者，惟合断下药用之。
志曰∶此即石发也。色类苔而粗涩为异。水苔性冷，浮水中；陟厘性温，生水中石上。
宗 曰∶陟厘，今人干之，治为苔脯，堪 ，青苔亦可作脯食，皆利人。汴京市中甚多
颂曰∶石发干之作菜，以齑 之尤美。苔之类有井中苔、垣衣、昔邪、屋游，大抵主
疗略同。陆龟蒙《苔赋》云∶高有瓦松，卑有泽葵。散岩窦者曰石发，补空田者曰垣衣。在
屋曰昔邪，在药曰陟厘。是矣。泽葵，凫葵也。虽异类，而皆感瓦石之气而生，故推类而云
耳。
时珍曰∶陟厘有水中石上生者，蒙茸如发；有水污无石而自生者，缠牵如丝绵之状，俗
名水绵。其性味皆同。《述异记》言∶苔钱谓之泽葵，与凫葵同名异物。苏氏指为凫葵者，
误矣。《苔赋》所述，犹未详尽。盖苔衣之类有五∶在水曰陟厘，在石曰石濡，在瓦曰屋游，
在墙曰垣衣，在地曰地衣。其蒙翠而长数寸者亦有五∶在石曰乌韭，在屋曰瓦松，在墙曰土
马鬃，在山曰卷柏，在水，曰 也。
【气味】甘，大温，无毒。
【主治】心腹大寒，温中消谷，强胃气，止泄痢（《别录》）。捣汁服，治天行病心闷（
《日华》）。作脯食，止渴疾，禁食盐（宗 ）。捣涂丹毒赤游。（时珍）
（苔类共十六种）
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】侧梨（陶弘景注）、水苔（《开宝本草》）、石发（同上）、石衣（《广雅》）、水衣（《说文解字》）、水绵（《本草纲目》）、[陟厘]（音覃）。
恭曰：《药对》中说：河中生长的侧梨。侧梨、陟厘，读音相近。王子年《拾遗记》记载：晋武帝赐给张华“侧理纸”，是由水苔制成的，后人将“陟厘”讹传为“侧理”罢了。这是水中粗糙的苔藓，造纸后呈青黄色，称为苔纸，质地涩滞。《范东阳方》说：生长在水边石头上的，像毛发一样，绿色。这就是“石发”名称的由来。
时珍曰：郭璞说：[陟厘]，是水苔。又名石发。江东地区的人食用它。查考：石发有两种：生长在水中的是陟厘，生长在陆地的是乌韭。
【集解】《名医别录》说：陟厘生长在江南的池塘沼泽中。
弘景曰：这就是南方人用来造纸的材料，只适合切碎后入药使用。
志曰：这就是石发。颜色类似苔藓但质地粗糙涩滞是其不同之处。水苔性冷，漂浮在水中；陟厘性温，生长在水中的石头上。
宗曰：陟厘，现在的人将其晒干，加工成苔脯，可以食用，青苔也可以做成脯食，都对人有好处。汴京市场上非常多。
颂曰：石发晒干后作为蔬菜，用酱菜汁拌着吃尤其美味。苔类的种类有井中苔、垣衣、昔邪、屋游，大体主治功效大致相同。陆龟蒙《苔赋》说：高处有瓦松，低处有泽葵。散布在岩石孔穴中的叫石发，填补空旷田地的叫垣衣。长在屋顶的叫昔邪，长在药圃里的叫陟厘。说得是对的。泽葵，就是凫葵。虽然种类不同，但都感应瓦石之气而生，所以推演类比这样说罢了。
时珍曰：陟厘有生长在水中的石头上，蓬松如头发；也有生长在水污中没有石头而自然生长的，缠绕牵引如丝绵状，俗名叫水绵。它们的性味都相同。《述异记》说：苔钱叫做泽葵，与凫葵同名异物。苏氏指认它为凫葵，是错误的。《苔赋》所述，还不够详尽。大概苔衣这类植物有五种：在水中的叫陟厘，在石头上的叫石濡，在瓦片上的叫屋游，在墙上的叫垣衣，在地上的叫地衣。那些翠绿且长达数寸的也有五种：在石头上的叫乌韭，在屋顶的叫瓦松，在墙上的叫土马鬃，在山上的叫卷柏，在水中的，就是[陟厘]啊。
【气味】甘，大温，无毒。
【主治】心腹大寒，温中消谷，强胃气，止泄痢（《名医别录》）。捣取汁液服用，治疗天行病（流行性疾病）引起的心闷（《日华子本草》）。做成脯食，止渴疾，禁止食用盐（寇宗奭）。捣碎外涂，治疗丹毒赤游（《本草纲目》）。
(There are sixteen species of mosses)
(Included in the Middle Grade of *Bie Lu*)
**Names**: Celi (Tao Hongjing's note), Shuitai (*Kaibao Bencao*), Shifa (Same as above), Shi Yi (*Guang Ya*), Shui Yi (*Shuowen Jiezi*), Shuimian (*Bencao Gangmu*), [Zhili] (pronounced "Tan").
Gong said: *Yao Dui* states: Celi growing in rivers. "Celi" and "Zhili" have similar pronunciations. Wang Zinian's *Shiyi Ji* records: Emperor Wu of Jin bestowed upon Zhang Hua "Celi paper," which was made from water moss; later generations erroneously changed "Zhili" to "Celi." This is coarse moss found in water, used for paper making, appearing blue-yellow, named Taizhi, with a rough texture. *Fan Dongyang Fang* states: Those growing on stones in water resemble hair and are green. This is the origin of the name "Shifa."
Shizhen said: Guo Pu stated: [Zhili] is water moss. Also known as Shifa. People in Jiangdong consume it. According to research: There are two types of Shifa: Zhili grows in water, while Wujiu grows on land.
**Collection and Explanation**: *Bie Lu* states: Zhili grows in ponds and marshes in Jiangnan.
Hongjing said: This is the material Southerners use for papermaking; it is only suitable for medicinal use after being chopped.
Zhi said: This is indeed Shifa. Its color resembles moss, but its roughness is distinct. Shuitai is cold-natured and floats in water; Zhili is warm-natured and grows on stones in water.
Zong said: Zhili is now dried by people and processed into moss jerky (Taifu), which is edible. Green moss can also be made into jerky for consumption, both being beneficial to humans. It is very abundant in the markets of Bianjing.
Song said: Dried Shifa served as a vegetable, especially delicious when mixed with pickled juice. Moss categories include Jingzhongtai (Well moss), Yuanyi (Wall lichen), Xixie (Old eaves moss), and Wuyou (Roof wanderer). Their general therapeutic effects are largely similar. Lu Guimeng's *Tai Fu* says: High up there is Wasong, low down there is Zekui. Scattered in rock crevices is called Shifa; filling empty fields is called Yuanyi. On roofs is Xixie; in herb gardens is Zhili. This is correct. Zekui is Fukui. Although different species, they all grow by sensing the qi of tiles and stones, hence the analogical description.
Shizhen said: Zhili grows on stones in water, fluffy like hair; or it grows naturally in muddy water without stones, tangled like silk cotton, commonly known as Shuimian. Their properties and flavors are identical. *Shuyi Ji* states: Taiqian is called Zekui, sharing the same name as Fukui but being a different object. Su Shi identified it as Fukui, which is erroneous. The description in *Tai Fu* is not exhaustive. Generally, moss-like plants fall into five categories: Zhili in water, Shiru on stones, Wuyou on tiles, Yuanyi on walls, and Diyi on ground. Those that are emerald green and several inches long also number five: Wujiu on stones, Wasong on roofs, Tumaizong on walls, Juanbai on mountains, and [Zhili] in water.
**Flavor and Properties**: Sweet, greatly warm, non-toxic.
**Therapeutic Actions**: Treats severe cold in the heart and abdomen, warms the middle jiao to aid digestion, strengthens stomach qi, and stops dysentery (*Bie Lu*). Crushed and taken as juice, it treats chest oppression caused by Tianxing Bing (epidemic febrile diseases) (*Rihua Zi Bencao*). Eaten as jerky, it relieves thirst-related ailments; salt intake should be prohibited (Kou Zongshi). Crushed and applied externally, it treats Dan Du Chi You (erysipelas spreading redness) (*Bencao Gangmu*).