（音累，《本经》上品）
【校正】自果部移入此。
【释名】复盆（《本经》）、陵 （《别录》）、阴 （《别录》）、寒莓（《会编》）、割田
时珍曰∶蓬 与复盆同类，故《本经》谓一名复盆。此种生于丘陵之间，藤叶繁衍，蓬
蓬累累，异于复盆，故曰蓬 、陵 ，即藤也。其实八月始熟，俚人名割田
【集解】《别录》曰∶蓬 ，生荆山平泽及冤句。
弘景曰∶蓬 是根名，方家不用，乃昌容所服，以易颜者也。复盆是实名。李当之云∶
是人所食莓子。以津汁
恭曰∶复盆、蓬 ，乃一物异名，本谓实，非根也。李云莓子者，近之矣。然生处不同，
沃地则子大而甘，瘠地则子细而酸。此乃子有酸味，根无酸味。陶以根酸子甘，列入果部，
重出二条，殊为孟浪。
志曰∶蓬 乃复盆之苗茎，复盆乃蓬 之子也。按《切韵》∶莓音茂，其子复盆也。
者，藤也
颂曰∶蓬 是复盆苗，处处有之，秦吴尤多。苗短不过尺，茎叶皆有刺，花白，子赤黄，
如半弹丸大，而下有蒂承之，如柿蒂，小儿多食之。五月采实，其苗叶采无时。江南谓之莓，
然其地所生差晚，三月始有苗，八、九月
士良曰∶今观采取之家说，蓬 似蚕莓子，红色而大，其味酸甘，叶似野蔷薇，有刺。
复盆子小，其苗各别。诸家本草不识，故皆说蓬 是复盆子之根。
大明曰∶莓子是蓬 子也。树莓是复盆子也。
宗 曰∶蓬 非复盆也，别是一种，虽枯败而枝梗不散，今人不见用此。
藏器曰∶其类有三种，惟四月熟，状如复盆子，而味甘美者，为是。余不堪入药。
机曰∶蓬 ，徽人谓之寒莓。沿堑作丛蔓生，茎小叶密多刺。其实四、五十颗作一朵，
一朵大如盏面，霜后始红。苏颂《图经》以此注复盆，误矣。江南复盆，亦四五月熟，何尝
差晚耶？复盆茎粗叶疏，结实大而疏散，不似寒莓，茎细叶密，结实小而成朵。一则夏熟，
一则秋熟，岂得同哉？
时珍曰∶此类凡五种。予尝亲采，以《尔雅》所列者校之，始得其的。诸家所说，皆未
可信也。一种藤蔓繁衍，茎有倒刺，逐节生叶，叶大如掌，状类小葵叶，面青背白，浓而有
毛，六、七月开小白花，就蒂结实，三、四十颗成簇，生则青黄，熟则紫黯，微有黑毛，状
如熟椹而扁，冬月苗叶不凋者，俗名割田 ，即本草所谓蓬 也。一种蔓小于蓬 ，亦有钩
刺，一枝五叶，叶小而面背皆青，光薄而无毛，开白花，四、五月实成，子亦小于蓬 而稀
疏，生则青黄，熟则乌赤，冬月苗凋者，俗名插田 ，即本草所谓复盆子，《尔雅》所谓 ，
缺盆也。此二者俱可入药。一种蔓小于蓬 ，一枝三叶，叶面青，背淡白而微有毛，开小白
花，四月实熟，其色红如樱桃者，俗名 田 ，即《尔雅》所谓 者也。
故郭璞注云∶ 即莓也。子似复盆而大，赤色，酢甜可食。此种不入药用。一种树生者，
树
高四五尺，叶似樱桃叶而狭长，四月开小白花，结实与复盆子一样，但色红为异，俗亦名
，即《尔雅》所谓山莓，陈藏器《本草》所谓悬钩子者也。详见本条。一种就地生蔓，长数
寸，开黄花，结实如覆盆而鲜红，不可食者，本草所谓蛇莓也。见本条。如此辨析，则蓬
、复盆自定矣。李当之、陈士良、陈藏器、寇宗 、汪机五说近是，而欠明悉。陶弘景以蓬
为根，复盆为子；马志、苏颂以蓬 为苗，复盆为子；苏恭以为一物；大明以树生者为复
盆。皆臆说，不可据。
【气味】酸，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶咸。士良曰∶甘、酸，微热。
【主治】安五脏，益精气，长阴令坚，强志倍力，有子。久服轻身不老（《本经》）。疗
暴中风，身热大惊（《别录》）。益颜色，长发，耐寒湿（恭）。
【发明】见复盆子下。
【附方】新一。
（读音为“累”，《神农本草经》列为上品）
【校正】从果部移入此部。
【释名】复盆（《神农本草经》）、陵藟（《名医别录》）、阴藟（《名医别录》）、寒莓（《证类本草》）。
李时珍说：蓬藟与复盆同类，所以《神农本草经》称它一名为复盆。这种植物生长在丘陵之间，藤蔓和叶子繁衍茂盛，果实累累，不同于复盆，所以称为蓬藟、陵藟，指的是它的藤茎部分。它的果实八月才成熟，民间人叫它割田藟。
【集解】《名医别录》说：蓬藟，生长在荆山平泽及冤句等地。
陶弘景说：蓬藟是根的名称，方士不用，这是昌容所服用的，用来改变容颜的。复盆才是指果实。李当之说：是人所吃的莓子。用唾液汁……
苏恭说：复盆、蓬藟，是一物两名，本来是指果实，不是指根。李当之说是莓子，比较接近了。但是生长环境不同，肥沃的土地则果实大而甜，贫瘠的土地则果实小而酸。这是因为果实有酸味，而根没有酸味。陶弘景认为根酸子甘，将其列入果部，重复列出两条，非常轻率。
马志说：蓬藟是复盆的苗茎，复盆是蓬藟的果实。查考《切韵》：莓音茂，其果实是复盆。藟者，是藤茎。
苏颂说：蓬藟是复盆的苗，到处都有，秦吴地区尤其多。苗短不超过一尺，茎叶都有刺，花白色，果实赤黄色，像半个弹丸大，下面有蒂承托，像柿蒂，小孩多吃它。五月采收果实，其苗叶随时可采。江南称之为莓，然而当地生长的稍晚，三月才有苗，八、九月……
陈士良说：现在观察采集的人说，蓬藟像蚕莓子，红色而大，味道酸甘，叶子像野蔷薇，有刺。复盆子小，它们的苗各自不同。各家本草不认识，所以都说蓬藟是复盆子的根。
孟诜说：莓子是蓬藟的果实。树莓是复盆子的果实。
寇宗奭说：蓬藟不是复盆，是另一种，虽然枯萎败坏但枝梗不散乱，现在人不见得使用这个。
陈藏器说：它的种类有三种，只有四月成熟的，形状像复盆子，而味道甘美的，才是正宗的。其余的不堪入药。
汪机说：蓬藟，徽州人称之为寒莓。沿着沟渠丛生蔓生，茎小叶密多刺。它的果实四五十颗结成一朵，一朵大如盏面，霜后才变红。苏颂《图经》以此注释复盆，是错误的。江南的复盆，也是四五月成熟，何尝差得晚呢？复盆茎粗叶疏，结实大而疏散，不像寒莓，茎细叶密，结实小而成朵。一个夏天熟，一个秋天熟，怎么能相同呢？
李时珍说：这类植物共有五种。我曾经亲自采摘，用《尔雅》所列的进行校对，才得到确切的答案。各家所说的，都不可信。一种藤蔓繁衍，茎有倒刺，逐节生叶，叶大如手掌，形状类似小葵叶，叶面青背白，浓密而有毛，六、七月开小白花，就在蒂上结果，三四十颗成簇，生的时候青黄，熟的时候紫黯，微有黑毛，形状像熟桑葚而扁，冬天苗叶不凋谢的，俗名叫割田藟，即本草所说的蓬藟。一种蔓小于蓬藟，也有钩刺，一枝五叶，叶小而面背皆青，光滑薄而无毛，开白花，四、五月果实成熟，果实也小于蓬藟而稀疏，生的时候青黄，熟的时候乌赤，冬天苗凋谢的，俗名叫插田藟，即本草所说的复盆子，《尔雅》所说的藟，缺盆。这两种都可以入药。一种蔓小于蓬藟，一枝三叶，叶面青，背淡白而微有毛，开小白花，四月果实成熟，颜色红如樱桃的，俗名叫[缺失字]田藟，即《尔雅》所说的[缺失字]。所以郭璞注云：[缺失字]就是莓。果实像复盆而大，赤色，酸甜可食。这种不入药用。一种树生的，树高四五尺，叶像樱桃叶而狭长，四月开小白花，结实与复盆子一样，只是颜色红为异，俗亦名[缺失字]，即《尔雅》所说的山莓，陈藏器《本草》所说的悬钩子。详见本条。一种就地生蔓，长数寸，开黄花，结实如覆盆而鲜红，不可食的，本草所说的蛇莓。见本条。如此辨析，则蓬藟、复盆自然确定了。李当之、陈士良、陈藏器、寇宗奭、汪机五家的说法接近正确，但不够明晰透彻。陶弘景以蓬藟为根，复盆为子；马志、苏颂以蓬藟为苗，复盆为子；苏恭认为是一物；孟诜以树生的为复盆。都是臆测之说，不可依据。
【气味】酸，平，无毒。《名医别录》说：咸。陈士良说：甘、酸，微热。
【主治】安五脏，益精气，长阴令坚，强志倍力，有子。久服轻身不老（《神农本草经》）。治疗暴中风，身热大惊（《名医别录》）。益颜色，长发，耐寒湿（苏恭）。
【发明】见复盆子下。
【附方】新增一方。
(Pronounced "lei", classified as Upper Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Transferred from the Fruit Section to this section.
[Names] Fupen (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Linglei (*Mingyi Bielu*), Yinlei (*Mingyi Bielu*), Hanmei (*Zhenglei Bencao*).
Li Shizhen says: Penglei and Fupen are of the same category, therefore *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it is also known as Fupen. This plant grows among hills, with vines and leaves spreading profusely, bearing clusters of fruit, distinct from Fupen, hence called Penglei or Linglei, referring to its vine stems. Its fruit ripens only in August; common people call it Gedianlei.
[Collected Explanations] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Penglei grows in the flat marshes of Jingshan and Yuanju.
Tao Hongjing says: Penglei refers to the root name, which physicians do not use; it was consumed by Changrong to rejuvenate the complexion. Fupen refers to the fruit. Li Dangzhi said: It is the berry eaten by humans. Using saliva juice...
Su Gong says: Fupen and Penglei are two names for one substance, originally referring to the fruit, not the root. Li's statement that it is a berry is close to the truth. However, depending on the growing environment, fruits in fertile land are large and sweet, while those in barren land are small and sour. This is because the fruit has a sour taste, whereas the root does not. Tao Hongjing considered the root sour and the fruit sweet, listed them in the Fruit Section, and duplicated the entries twice, which was very rash.
Ma Zhi says: Penglei is the seedling and stem of Fupen, while Fupen is the fruit of Penglei. Consulting *Qieyun*: Mei sounds like Mao, and its fruit is Fupen. Lei refers to the vine stem.
Su Song says: Penglei is the seedling of Fupen, found everywhere, especially abundant in Qin and Wu regions. The seedlings are short, not exceeding one chi, with thorns on stems and leaves, white flowers, and reddish-yellow fruits about half the size of a marble, supported by a calyx like that of a persimmon; children often eat them. Harvest the fruit in May; the seedlings and leaves can be harvested at any time. In Jiangnan, it is called Mei, but local growth is slightly later, with seedlings appearing in March and [ripening in] August or September...
Chen Shiliang says: According to collectors, Penglei resembles silkworm berries, red and large, with a sour-sweet taste; leaves resemble wild roses with thorns. Fupen seeds are smaller, and their seedlings are distinct. Various pharmacopoeias failed to recognize this, thus claiming Penglei is the root of Fupen.
Meng Shen says: Mei seeds are Penglei fruits. Tree raspberries are Fupen fruits.
Kou Zongshi says: Penglei is not Fupen; it is a different species. Although withered, the branches remain intact. It is rarely used nowadays.
Chen Cangqi says: There are three varieties within this class. Only those ripening in April, resembling Fupen in shape and possessing a sweet and pleasant taste, are authentic. The others are unsuitable for medicinal use.
Wang Ji says: Penglei is called Hanmei in Huizhou. It grows in clumps along ditches, with dense leaves and many thorns on the stems. Its fruits consist of 40-50 drupelets forming one cluster, the size of a saucer surface, turning red after frost. Su Song’s *Tujing* annotated this as Fupen, which is erroneous. Jiangnan Fupen also ripens in April or May; how could it be considered late? Fupen has thick stems and sparse leaves, bearing large and scattered fruits, unlike Hanmei, which has thin stems and dense leaves, bearing small fruits in clusters. One ripens in summer, the other in autumn; how can they be the same?
Li Shizhen says: There are five types in this category. I personally collected specimens and verified them against those listed in *Erya*, thereby obtaining the accurate identification. Claims by previous authors are unreliable. One type has spreading vines, stems with backward-pointing thorns, leaves growing node by node, leaves as large as a palm, resembling small hibiscus leaves, green on the front and white on the back, thick and hairy. It blooms small white flowers in June and July, forming clusters of 30-40 drupelets at the calyx. When raw, they are yellow-green; when ripe, purple-black with slight black hairs, resembling flattened ripe mulberries. The seedlings and leaves do not wither in winter. Commonly known as Gedianlei, this is Penglei mentioned in the pharmacopoeia. Another type has vines smaller than Penglei, also with hooked thorns, five leaves per branch, small leaves green on both sides, smooth, thin, and hairless, blooming white flowers. Fruits mature in April and May, smaller and sparser than Penglei, turning dark red when ripe, with seedlings withering in winter. Commonly known as Chadianlei, this is Fupen mentioned in the pharmacopoeia, referred to as Lei or Quepen in *Erya*. Both are suitable for medicinal use. Another type has vines smaller than Penglei, three leaves per branch, green on the front, pale white on the back with slight hair, blooming small white flowers. Fruits ripen in April, red like cherries. Commonly known as [missing character]tianlei, this corresponds to [missing character] in *Erya*. Thus, Guo Pu’s annotation states: [missing character] is Mei. The fruit is larger than Fupen, red, sour-sweet, and edible. This type is not used medicinally. Another type grows on trees, reaching four to five chi in height, leaves narrow and long like cherry leaves, blooming small white flowers in April. Fruits resemble Fupen but differ in being red. Commonly named [missing character], this is Shanmei in *Erya* and Xianggouzi in Chen Cangqi’s *Bencao*. See the relevant entry. Another type creeps on the ground, several inches long, blooming yellow flowers, bearing bright red fruits like raspberries but inedible. This is Sheimei (Snake Berry) mentioned in the pharmacopoeia. See the relevant entry. Through such analysis, Penglei and Fupen are clearly distinguished. The views of Li Dangzhi, Chen Shiliang, Chen Cangqi, Kou Zongshi, and Wang Ji are close to correct but lack clarity. Tao Hongjing identified Penglei as root and Fupen as fruit; Ma Zhi and Su Song identified Penglei as seedling and Fupen as fruit; Su Gong considered them one substance; Meng Shen identified tree-grown plants as Fupen. All these are speculative and cannot be relied upon.
[Properties and Flavors] Sour, neutral, non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* states: Salty. Chen Shiliang states: Sweet, sour, slightly warm.
[Therapeutic Actions] Calms the Five Zang organs, benefits Essence and Qi, promotes genital development and firmness, strengthens willpower and doubles physical strength, aids conception. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats sudden wind-stroke, fever, and great fright (*Mingyi Bielu*). Improves complexion, promotes hair growth, and enhances resistance to cold and dampness (Su Gong).
[Innovations] See under Fupen Zi.
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.