（化生类三十一种）
（《本经》中品）
【释名】 蛴（音坟。《
应条（《吴
时珍曰∶蛴螬，方言作 螬，象其蠹物
，言
【集解】《别录》曰∶蛴螬生河内平泽，及人家积粪草中。取无时。
弘景曰∶大者如足大趾。以背滚行，乃快于脚。杂猪蹄作羹于乳母，不能别之。
时珍曰∶其状如蚕而大，身短节促，足长有毛。生树根及粪土中者，外黄内黑。生旧茅
屋上者，外白内黯。皆湿热之气熏蒸而化，宋齐丘所谓“燥湿相育，不母而生”是矣。久则
羽化而去。
【正误】弘景曰∶《诗》云∶领如蝤蛴。今以蛴字在上，恐倒尔。
恭曰∶此虫一名蝤蛴，有在粪聚中，或在腐木中。其在腐柳中者，内外洁白；粪土中者
，皮黄内黑黯。形色既异，土木又殊，当以木中者为胜。宜冬月采之。
宗 曰∶诸腐木根下多有之。构木津甘，故根下尤多。亦有生于粪土中者，虽肥大而
腹中黑；不若木中者，虽瘦而稍白，研汁可用。
曰∶蛴螬须使桑树、柏树中者妙。
韩保升曰∶按∶《尔雅注》云∶ ，蛴螬，在粪土中。蝤蛴，蝎。蝎， 。又云∶
蝎，桑蠹。并木中蠹也。正与《本经》 蛴生积粪草中相合。苏恭言当以木中者为胜，则此
外恐非也。切谓不然。今诸朽树中蠹虫，通谓之蝎，莫知其主疗；惟桑树中者，近方用之。
而有名未用、曾用未识类中，有桑蠹一条即此也。盖生产既殊，主疗亦别。虽有毒、无毒易
见，而相使、相恶难知。且蝎不号蛴螬，
藏器曰∶蛴螬居粪土中，身短足长，背有毛筋。但从夏入秋，蜕而为蝉，飞空饮露，能
鸣高洁。蝤蛴一名蝎，一名蠹，在朽木中食木心，穿木如锥刀。身长足短，口黑无毛，节慢。
至春雨后化为天牛，两角如水牛，色黑，背有白点，上下缘木，飞腾不遥。出处既殊，形质
又别，陶、苏乃混注之，盖千虑一失也。惟郭璞注《尔雅》，谓∶蛴螬在粪土中，蝤蛴（桑
蠹）在木中，啮桑，似蜗牛长角，喜啮桑树者，为是也。
颂曰∶今医家与蓐妇下乳药用粪土中者，其效殊速，乃知苏恭之说不可据也。
【修治】 曰∶凡收得后阴干，与糯米同炒，至米焦黑取出，去米及身上、口畔肉毛并
黑尘了，作三、四截，研粉用之。
时珍曰∶诸方有干研及生取汁者，又不拘此例也。
【气味】咸，微温，有毒。《别录》曰∶微寒。
之才曰∶蜚蠊为之使，恶附子。
【主治】恶血血瘀，痹气破折，血在胁下坚满痛，月闭，目中淫肤、青翳、
经》）。疗吐血在胸腹不去，破骨 折血结，金疮内塞，产后中寒，下乳汁（《别录》）。取
汁滴目，去翳障。主血止痛（《药性》）。敷恶疮（《日华》）。汁主赤白游疹，疹擦破涂之（藏
器）。取汁点喉痹，得下即开（苏
主唇紧口疮、丹疹、破伤风疮、竹木入肉、芒物眯目（时珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶同猪蹄作羹食，甚下乳汁。
颂曰∶张仲景治杂病，大 虫丸方中用之，取其去胁下坚满也。
时珍曰∶许学士《本事方》∶治筋急养血，地黄丸中用之，取其治血瘀痹也。按∶《陈
氏经验
之，
合。
神效方∶用蛴螬、将驼脊背
弟额上跌破，七日成风，依此治之，时间就愈。此又符疗 折、敷恶疮、金疮内塞、主血止
痛之说也。盖此药能行血分，散结滞，故能治以上诸病。
【附方】旧五，新四。
小儿脐疮∶蛴螬研末敷之，不过数次。（《千金方》）
小儿唇紧∶蛴螬研末，猪脂和，敷之。（《千金方》）
赤白口疮∶蛴螬研汁，频搽取效。（《政和本草》）
丹毒浸淫∶走串皮中，名火丹。以蛴螬捣烂，涂之。（《删繁方》）
痈疽痔漏∶蛴螬研末，敷之，日一上。（《子母秘录》）
虎伤人疮∶蛴螬捣烂，涂之，日上。（唐瑶《经验方》）
竹木入肉∶蛴螬捣涂之，立出。（《肘后》）
麦芒入眼∶以新布覆目上，持生蛴螬从布上摩之，芒着布上出也。（《千金方》）
断酒不饮∶蛴螬研末，酒服，永不饮。（《千金方》）
（化生类第三十一类）
（《神农本草经》列为中品）
【释名】 蛴（音坟。《应条（《吴
时珍曰∶蛴螬，方言作 螬，象其蠹物
，言
【集解】《名医别录》说∶蛴螬生长在河内地区的平坦沼泽地，以及人家堆积粪便和杂草的地方。随时可以采集。
陶弘景说∶大的像人的大脚趾。它用背部滚动行走，比脚还快。把它和猪蹄一起煮成汤给哺乳期的妇女喝，无法分辨出来。
李时珍说∶它的形状像蚕但体型较大，身体短小且节段紧凑，足长且有毛。生长在树根及粪土中的，外表黄色内部黑色。生长在旧茅草屋顶上的，外表白色内部暗色。这都是由湿热之气熏蒸而化生的，正如宋齐丘所说的“燥湿相互孕育，没有母亲而自然生成”就是这个道理。时间久了就会羽化飞走。
【正误】陶弘景说∶《诗经》中说∶“颈项像蝤蛴一样白”。现在把“蛴”字放在前面，恐怕是颠倒了。
苏恭说∶这种虫子又名蝤蛴，有的生活在粪堆中，有的在腐木中。生活在腐柳中的，内外都洁白；生活在粪土中的，皮黄内黑暗。颜色和形态既然不同，木材和泥土又各异，应当以木头中的为优。适宜在冬季采集。
寇宗奭说∶许多腐朽树木的根部下面都有。构树的汁液甘甜，所以根部下尤其多。也有生在粪土中的，虽然肥大但腹中黑；不如木头中的，虽然瘦小但稍白，研磨取汁可以使用。
曰∶蛴螬必须使用桑树、柏树中的才妙。
韩保升说∶按∶《尔雅注》说∶ ，蛴螬，在粪土中。蝤蛴，蝎。蝎， 。又说∶
蝎，桑蠹。都是木头中的蛀虫。正好与《本经》中“蛴生于积粪草中”相符合。苏恭说应当以木头中的为优，那么这之外恐怕就不对了。我认为不然。如今各种朽树中的蛀虫，通称为蝎，不知道它们的主要疗效；只有桑树中的，近方中使用。而在有名未用、曾用未识类别中，有一条桑蠹就是此物。大概因为产地不同，主治功效也区别开来。虽然有毒无毒容易辨别，但药物间的相使、相恶关系难以知晓。况且蝎不叫蛴螬，
陈藏器说∶蛴螬居住在粪土中，身体短足长，背上有毛筋。但从夏入秋，蜕变为蝉，飞向空中饮用露水，能在高处鸣叫，显得高洁。蝤蛴又名蝎，又名蠹，在朽木中吃木心，穿木如锥刀。身长足短，口黑无毛，节段缓慢。到了春雨后化为天牛，两只角像水牛，颜色黑，背上有白点，上下爬树，飞行不远。出处既不同，形体质地又各异，陶弘景、苏恭却混淆注释，大概是千虑一失吧。只有郭璞注《尔雅》，说∶蛴螬在粪土中，蝤蛴（桑蠹）在木中，啃食桑叶，像蜗牛长角，喜欢啃食桑树的，这才是正确的。
苏颂说∶如今医家与产后妇女下乳药用粪土中的，效果特别迅速，由此可知苏恭的说法不可依据。
【修治】 曰∶凡是采收后阴干，与糯米同炒，直到米变成焦黑色取出，去掉米粒及身上、嘴边的肉毛和黑尘，切成三、四截，研磨成粉使用。
李时珍说∶各方中有干研及生取汁的，又不拘泥于此例。
【气味】咸味，微温，有毒。《名医别录》说∶微寒。
徐之才说∶蜚蠊（蟑螂）作为引药，畏附子。
【主治】恶血血瘀，痹气破折，胁下坚硬满痛，闭经，眼中淫肤、青翳、
《药性论》）。治疗吐血在胸腹不去，骨折血结，金疮内塞，产后中寒，下乳汁（《名医别录》）。取
汁滴眼，去翳障。主血止痛（《药性论》）。敷恶疮（《日华子本草》）。汁主赤白游疹，疹擦破涂之（陈藏器）。取
汁点喉痹，得下即开（苏颂）。
主唇紧口疮、丹疹、破伤风疮、竹木入肉、芒物眯目（李时珍）。
【发明】陶弘景说∶同猪蹄作羹食用，非常利于下乳汁。
苏颂说∶张仲景治疗杂病，在大 虫丸方中使用它，取其去除胁下坚满的作用。
李时珍说∶许学士《本事方》∶治疗筋急养血，在地黄丸中使用它，取其治疗血瘀痹症的作用。按∶《陈
氏经验
之，
合。
神效方∶用蛴螬、将驼脊背
弟额上跌破，七日成风，依此治之，时间就愈。这又符合治疗骨折、敷恶疮、金疮内塞、主血止
痛的说法。大概此药能行血分，散结滞，所以能治疗以上诸病。
【附方】旧方五首，新方四首。
小儿脐疮∶蛴螬研末敷之，不过数次。（《千金方》）
小儿唇紧∶蛴螬研末，猪脂调和，敷之。（《千金方》）
赤白口疮∶蛴螬研汁，频繁搽拭取效。（《政和本草》）
丹毒浸淫∶走串皮中，名火丹。以蛴螬捣烂，涂之。（《删繁方》）
痈疽痔漏∶蛴螬研末，敷之，每日一上。（《子母秘录》）
虎伤人疮∶蛴螬捣烂，涂之，每日一上。（唐瑶《经验方》）
竹木入肉∶蛴螬捣涂之，立即拔出。（《肘后备急方》）
麦芒入眼∶以新布覆目上，持生蛴螬从布上摩之，芒着布上出也。（《千金方》）
断酒不饮∶蛴螬研末，酒送服，永不饮酒。（《千金方》）
(Class of Metamorphosis, No. 31)
(Listed as Medium Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Si (pronounced 'fen'. [Ying Tiao] [Wu]
Li Shizhen said: Siqiao is called Cao in dialects, resembling its nature of boring into objects,
speaking of...
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Siqiao grows in the flat marshes of Henei, and in piles of manure and grass in households. It can be collected at any time.
Tao Hongjing said: The large ones are as big as a human big toe. They move by rolling on their backs, faster than walking with feet. When cooked into soup with pig trotters for nursing mothers, it cannot be distinguished.
Li Shizhen said: Its shape is like a silkworm but larger, with a short body and compact segments, long legs with hairs. Those growing in tree roots and manure soil are yellow outside and black inside. Those growing on old thatched roofs are white outside and dark inside. All are transformed by the steaming of damp-heat qi, just as Song Qiqiu said "dryness and moisture nurture each other, born without a mother," which is exactly this. After a long time, they metamorphose and fly away.
[Corrections] Tao Hongjing said: The *Book of Songs* says: "Neck like Youqi." Now placing the character 'Si' first seems inverted.
Su Gong said: This insect is also named Youqi. Some live in manure piles, some in rotting wood. Those in rotting willow are white inside and out; those in manure soil have yellow skin and dark insides. Since colors and forms differ, and wood and soil are distinct, the ones in wood should be preferred. They should be collected in winter.
Kou Zongshi said: There are many under the roots of various rotting trees. Goumu sap is sweet, so there are especially many under its roots. Some grow in manure soil; although plump, their bellies are black. Not as good as those in wood, which although thin are slightly white, and their juice can be extracted for use.
Said: Siqiao from mulberry or cypress trees is best.
Han Baosheng said: According to: *Erya Zhu* states: , Siqiao is in manure soil. Youqi is Xie. Xie is . Also states:
Xie is Sangdu. Both are borers in wood. This coincides with *Benjing*'s statement that "Si grows in accumulated manure and grass." Su Gong said the ones in wood are superior, implying those outside are incorrect. I do not agree. Currently, borer insects in all kinds of rotten trees are generally called Xie, and their main treatments are unknown; only those in mulberry trees are used in recent prescriptions. In the category of "Named but Unused, Used but Unrecognized," there is an entry for Sangdu which is this. Generally, because production sources differ, main treatments also differ. Although toxicity is easy to see, mutual assistance and aversion are hard to know. Moreover, Xie is not called Siqiao,
Chen Cangqi said: Siqiao lives in manure soil, with a short body and long legs, with hairy tendons on the back. From summer to autumn, it sheds its skin to become a cicada, flying into the air to drink dew, singing high and pure. Youqi is also named Xie, also named Du, eating wood hearts in rotten wood, boring through wood like awls and knives. Long body, short legs, black mouth, no hair, slow joints. After spring rain, it transforms into a long-horned beetle, with two horns like a water buffalo, black color, white spots on the back, climbing up and down trees, flying not far. Since origins differ and forms/qualities are distinct, Tao and Su confused them, probably a lapse in thousand considerations. Only Guo Pu's annotation of *Erya* is correct, stating: Siqiao is in manure soil, Youqi (Sangdu) is in wood, gnawing mulberry leaves, resembling a snail with long horns, liking to gnaw mulberry trees.
Su Song said: Nowadays, physicians use the ones from manure soil for nursing mothers to promote lactation, with very rapid effects. Thus, Su Gong's view cannot be relied upon.
[Preparation] Said: After collection, dry in shade, stir-fry with glutinous rice until the rice turns charred black, then remove. Remove rice, flesh hairs on the body and around the mouth, and black dust. Cut into three or four sections, grind into powder for use.
Li Shizhen said: Various prescriptions use dry grinding or fresh juice extraction, not strictly adhering to this example.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, slightly warm, toxic. *Bielu* states: Slightly cold.
Xu Zhicai said: Feilian (cockroach) acts as an assistant; adverse to Fuzi.
[Main Indications] Evil blood and blood stasis, Bi qi and fractures, hardness and fullness/pain under the ribs, amenorrhea, excessive film in eyes, blue nebula,
*Yaoxing Lun*). Treats hematemesis remaining in chest/abdomen, bone fracture with blood accumulation, traumatic wounds with internal blockage, postpartum cold invasion, promotes lactation (*Bielu*). Take
juice to drip into eyes, removes nebula. Stops pain from blood stasis (*Yaoxing Lun*). Applies to malignant sores (*Rihua Bencao*). Juice treats red and white wandering rashes; apply to broken rash (*Chen Cangqi*). Take
juice to treat throat obstruction (Bi), once swallowed it opens immediately (*Su Song*).
Treats tight lips, oral ulcers, erysipelas, tetanus wounds, bamboo/wood splinters in flesh, wheat awns in eyes (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Tao Hongjing said: Cooked with pig trotters as soup, it greatly promotes lactation.
Su Song said: Zhang Zhongjing used it in the Da Chong Wan prescription for miscellaneous diseases, to remove hardness/fullness under the ribs.
Li Shizhen said: Xu Xueshi's *Benshi Fang*: Used in Dihuang Wan to treat tendon tension and nourish blood, utilizing its ability to treat blood stasis and Bi syndrome. According to: *Chen Shi Jingyan
...,
matches.
Shenxiao Fang: Uses Siqiao, camel spine back...
Brother's forehead broken due to fall, wind disease formed after seven days. Treat according to this, heals quickly. This again conforms to treating fractures, applying to malignant sores, internal blockage of traumatic wounds, and stopping pain from blood stasis. This medicine can move blood in the blood level, dissipate stagnation, thus treating the above diseases.
[Attached Prescriptions] Five old, four new.
Infant umbilical sore: Grind Siqiao into powder and apply. Not more than a few times. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Infant tight lips: Grind Siqiao into powder, mix with lard, apply. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Red and white oral ulcers: Grind Siqiao into juice, frequently rub for effect. (*Zhenghe Bencao*)
Erysipelas spreading: Spreading in skin, named Fire Erysipelas. Mash Siqiao and apply. (*Shanfan Fang*)
Carbuncle, ulcer, hemorrhoid fistula: Grind Siqiao into powder, apply, once daily. (*Zimu Milu*)
Tiger bite wound: Mash Siqiao and apply, once daily. (Tang Yao *Jingyan Fang*)
Bamboo/wood splinter in flesh: Mash Siqiao and apply, immediately extracts. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Wheat awn in eye: Cover eye with new cloth, hold fresh Siqiao and rub over the cloth, the awn attaches to the cloth and comes out. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Stop alcohol drinking: Grind Siqiao into powder, take with wine, never drink again. (*Qianjin Fang*)