（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶蛇婆生东海水中。一如蛇，常自浮游。采取无时。
时珍曰∶按∶此所言形状功用，似是水蛇；然无考证，姑各列条。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
【主治】赤白毒痢，蛊毒下血，五野鸡病，恶疮。炙食，或烧末，米饮服二钱（藏器）。
（《纲目》。附赤楝蛇）
【释名】黄喉蛇（俗名）、赤楝蛇（一名桑根
时珍曰∶颔，喉下也。以色名赤楝，桑根象形，陶氏作赤 。
【集解】时珍曰∶按∶《肘后》、《千金》、《外台》诸方，多用自
并不云是某蛇。惟本草有蝮蛇腹中鼠。陶氏注云∶术家所用赤
鼠子、雀雏。见腹中大者，破取干
辈。据此，则古方所用自死蛇，及蛇吞蛙、鼠，当是二蛇，虽蛇蜕亦多用之。赤楝红黑，节
节相间，俨如赤楝、桑根之状。黄颔黄黑相间，喉下色黄，大者近丈。皆不甚毒、丐儿多养
为戏弄，死即食之。又有竹根蛇，《肘后》谓之青 蛇，不入药用，最毒。喜缘竹木，与竹
同色。
五壮。毒即不行，仍以药敷之。又有菜花蛇，亦长大，黄绿色，方家
肉
【气味】甘，温，有小毒。
【主治】酿酒，或入丸散，主风癞顽癣恶疮。
自死蛇渍汁，涂大疥。煮汁，浸臂腕作痛。烧灰，同猪脂，涂风癣漏疮，妇人妒乳，
犬咬伤（时珍。出《肘后
【附方】新三。
犬啮伤 自死蛇一枚，烧焦为末，纳入疮孔中。（《千金方》）
五月五日自死赤蛇，烧灰。井华水服方寸匕，日一服。（《千金方》）
恶疮似癞及马疥大如钱者∶自死蛇一条，水渍至烂。去骨取汁涂之，随手瘥。（《千金
》）
蛇头
【主治】烧灰，主久疟及小肠痈，入丸散用（时珍）。
【附方】新二。
发背肿毒∶蛇头烧灰，醋和敷之，日三易。（《千金》）
蛤蟆 疮∶五月五日蛇头，及野猪脂同水衣封之，佳。（《千金方》）
骨
【主治】久疟劳疟，炙，入丸散用（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
一切冷漏∶自死蛇，取骨为末封之。大痛，以杏仁膏摩之，即止。（《千金方》）
涎
【气味】有大毒。
思邈曰∶江南山间人有一种蛊毒，以蛇涎合药着饮食中，使人病瘕，积年乃死。但以雄
黄、蜈蚣之药治之乃佳。
蛇吞鼠
【主治】鼠 、蚁 有细孔如针者。以腊月猪脂煎焦，去滓涂之
蛇吞蛙
【主治】噎膈，劳嗽，蛇 （时珍）。
【附方】新三。
噎膈∶用蛇含蛤蟆，泥包烧存性，研末。米饮服。
久劳咳嗽吐臭痰者∶寻水边蛇吞青蛙未咽者，连蛇打死，黄泥固济， 研。空心酒服一、
二钱，至效。忌生冷五七日，永不发也。（《秘韫》方）
蛙 不愈∶蛇腹蛙，烧灰封之。（《千金》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】
陈藏器说：蛇婆生长在东海的水中。形状像蛇，经常自己浮游在水面上。采集没有固定的时间。
李时珍说：根据上述描述的形态和功效，这似乎是水蛇；然而缺乏考证，暂且分别列出条目。
【气味】
味咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】
治疗赤白毒痢、蛊毒引起的下血、五野鸡病（一种因食用变质野鸡肉导致的疾病）、恶疮。将其烤熟食用，或烧成粉末，用米汤送服二钱（出自陈藏器）。
（出自《本草纲目》，附载赤楝蛇）
【释名】
黄喉蛇（俗名）、赤楝蛇（又名桑根蛇）。
李时珍说：颔，指喉咙下方。以颜色命名为赤楝，因形似桑根而得名，陶弘景写作“赤椹”。
【集解】
李时珍说：根据《肘后备急方》、《千金方》、《外台秘要》等方书，多使用自死的蛇，但并未说明是哪种蛇。只有本草书中提到蝮蛇腹中有老鼠。陶弘景注释说：术士所用的赤蛇，腹中有鼠子、雀雏。看到腹中较大的，剖开取出晒干即可。据此推断，古方中使用的自死蛇，以及吞食青蛙、老鼠的蛇，应当是这两种蛇，虽然蛇蜕也多用之。赤楝蛇红黑相间，一节一节间隔分明，俨然如同赤楝果、桑根的形状。黄颔蛇黄黑相间，喉咙下方颜色发黄，大的近一丈长。这两种蛇毒性都不大，乞丐儿童多饲养它们作为嬉戏玩弄的对象，死后便吃掉它们。还有竹根蛇，《肘后备急方》称之为青蛇，不入药用，毒性极大。喜欢攀缘竹木，颜色与竹子相同。被咬伤后，可用艾炷灸五壮。毒性即不发作，仍用药敷伤口。还有菜花蛇，也长得很大，呈黄绿色，医家……（原文此处似有缺漏，依文意推测为提及用法或特性，但原文中断，故仅译现有部分）。
【气味】
味甘，性温，有小毒。
【主治】
酿酒，或制成丸剂散剂，主治风癞、顽癣、恶疮。
将自死蛇浸泡取汁，涂抹治疗大疥。煮汁，浸泡手臂手腕疼痛处。烧成灰，同猪脂混合，涂抹治疗风癣、漏疮、妇人妒乳（乳腺炎）、犬咬伤（出自李时珍，引自《肘后备急方》）。
【附方】新收录三则。
犬啮伤：取一枚自死蛇，烧焦研末，纳入疮口中。（出自《千金方》）
五月五日自死的赤蛇，烧成灰。用井华水（清晨第一次打的井水）送服一方寸匕，每日一次。（出自《千金方》）
恶疮类似癞疾及马疥，大小如铜钱者：取一条自死蛇，用水浸泡至腐烂。去掉骨头取汁涂抹，随手痊愈。（出自《千金方》）
蛇头
【附方】新收录二则。
发背肿毒：蛇头烧成灰，用醋调和敷贴，每日更换三次。（出自《千金方》）
蛤蟆疮：五月五日的蛇头，同野猪脂一起用水衣包裹封贴，效果佳。（出自《千金方》）
蛇骨
【附方】新收录一则。
一切冷漏疮：取自死蛇的骨头研末封贴患处。若剧痛，用杏仁膏按摩，疼痛即止。（出自《千金方》）
蛇涎
【气味】
有大毒。
孙思邈说：江南山间有一种蛊毒，用蛇涎合药放入饮食中，使人产生瘕积（腹部结块），经年累月乃死。但用雄黄、蜈蚣等药物治疗效果才好。
蛇吞鼠
【主治】
治疗鼠瘘、蚁瘘（颈部淋巴结结核等，有细孔如针眼者）。用腊月猪脂煎至焦黑，去渣涂抹患处。
蛇吞蛙
【主治】
治疗噎膈（吞咽困难）、劳嗽（虚劳咳嗽）、蛇瘕（李时珍）。
【附方】新收录三则。
噎膈：用蛇含蛤蟆，用泥巴包裹烧存性，研成粉末。用米汤送服。
长期劳损咳嗽吐臭痰者：寻找水边蛇吞青蛙尚未咽下的状态，连蛇一起打死，用黄泥密封固济，研磨。空腹时酒服一、二钱，效果极佳。忌食生冷五七日，永不复发。（出自《秘韫》方）
蛙瘕不愈：将蛇腹中的蛙烧成灰封贴患处。（出自《千金方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Zangqi stated: Shepo (Snake Brood) grows in the waters of the East Sea. It resembles a snake and often floats and swims on its own. There is no fixed time for collection.
Li Shizhen stated: According to the described shape and functions, this seems to be a water snake; however, lacking verification, I list them separately here.
[Flavor and Properties]
Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Treats red and white toxic dysentery, hematochezia caused by Gu poison (parasitic poisoning), Wu Yeji Bing (a disease caused by eating spoiled wild chicken meat), and malignant sores. Roast and eat, or burn into powder, take two qian with rice water (from Chen Zangqi).
(From *Bencao Gangmu*, appended Chi Lian Snake)
[Names]
Huang Hou She (Yellow Throat Snake, common name), Chi Lian She (also known as Sang Gen Snake).
Li Shizhen stated: "Han" refers to the area below the throat. Named "Chi Lian" due to color, resembling mulberry roots in shape; Tao Hongjing wrote it as "Chi Shen".
[Collected Explanations]
Li Shizhen stated: According to formulas in *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up the Sleeve), *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), and *Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials of the Outer Chamber), self-dead snakes are frequently used, but the specific species is not specified. Only in Materia Medica texts is it mentioned that Viper snakes have mice in their bellies. Tao Hongjing annotated: The practitioners use Red Snakes, which contain mouse pups or fledglings in their bellies. When seeing a large one inside, cut open and take out to dry. Based on this, the self-dead snakes used in ancient formulas, as well as snakes swallowing frogs or mice, should be these two types of snakes, although snake sloughs are also widely used. Chi Lian Snake has alternating red and black segments, distinctively resembling Chi Lian fruits or mulberry roots. Huang Han Snake has alternating yellow and black patterns, with a yellow throat, and large specimens can approach one zhang in length. Both are not very poisonous; beggars' children often keep them as playthings and eat them after death. There is also Zhugen She (Bamboo Root Snake), called Qing She (Green Snake) in *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*, which is not used medicinally and is highly toxic. It likes to climb bamboo and wood, sharing the same color as bamboo. [Text fragment regarding treatment follows, likely implying moxibustion or application].
[Flavor and Properties]
Sweet, warm, slightly toxic.
[Indications]
Used for brewing wine, or made into pills and powders, treats Feng Lai (leprosy-like conditions), stubborn tinea, and malignant sores.
Soak self-dead snake to extract juice, apply to treat major scabies. Boil juice, soak painful arms and wrists. Burn to ash, mix with lard, apply to wind tinea, fistulous sores, women's mastitis (Du Ru), and dog bites (from Li Shizhen, citing *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
[Attached Formulas] Three new ones.
Dog Bite: Take one self-dead snake, burn until charred, grind into powder, insert into the wound (from *Qianjin Fang*).
Self-dead Red Snake from the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, burn to ash. Take one cun bi (square inch measure) with Jinghua Water (first drawn well water in the morning), once daily (from *Qianjin Fang*).
Malignant sores resembling leprosy or horse scabies, size like a coin: Take one self-dead snake, soak in water until rotten. Remove bones, take juice and apply, heals immediately (from *Qianjin Fang*).
Snake Head
[Indications]
Burn to ash, treats chronic malaria and Small Intestine Abscess, used in pills and powders (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] Two new ones.
Back Carbuncle/Swelling: Burn snake head to ash, mix with vinegar, apply externally, change three times daily (from *Qianjin Fang*).
Toad Sore: Use snake head from the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, mix with wild boar fat, seal with water-based paste, effective (from *Qianjin Fang*).
Snake Bone
[Indications]
Treats chronic malaria and consumptive malaria, roast before use in pills and powders (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] One new one.
All Cold Fistulous Sores: Take bone from self-dead snake, grind to powder and apply. If severe pain occurs, massage with Almond Ointment to stop pain (from *Qianjin Fang*).
Snake Saliva
[Flavor and Properties]
Highly toxic.
Sun Simiao stated: In the mountains of Jiangnan, there is a type of Gu poison where people mix snake saliva with medicine into food, causing patients to develop Jia masses (abdominal tumors), leading to death after years. However, treating with Realgar and Centipede medicines yields better results.
Snake Swallowing Mouse
[Indications]
Treats Shu Lou and Yi Lou (scrofula/lymphatic tuberculosis with small holes like needle pricks). Fry pig fat from the twelfth lunar month until charred, remove dregs, and apply.
Snake Swallowing Frog
[Indications]
Treats Yi Ge (dysphagia), consumptive cough, and She Jia (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] Three new ones.
Dysphagia: Wrap snake and toad in mud, burn to preserve nature (carbonize), grind to powder. Take with rice water.
For long-term consumptive cough with foul sputum: Find a snake at the water's edge that has swallowed a frog but not yet swallowed it whole. Kill the snake together, seal tightly with yellow mud, grind. Take one to two qian with wine on an empty stomach, highly effective. Avoid raw and cold foods for five to seven days to prevent recurrence (from *Mi Yun* formula).
Unhealed Frog Jia: Burn the frog from the snake's belly to ash and apply (from *Qianjin Fang*).