（宋《开宝》附。附银蛇）
【释名】金星地鳝（《图经》）、银蛇（亦名锡蛇）。
时珍曰∶金、银、锡，以色与功命名也。金星地鳝，以形命名也。
【集解】
颂曰∶金蛇生宾州、澄州。大如中指，长尺许，常登木饮露，体作金色，照日有光。白
者
毒。
时珍曰∶按∶刘恂《岭表录异》云∶金蛇一名地鳝，白者名锡蛇，出黔州。出桂州者
之。大如拇指，长尺许，鳞甲上分金银，解毒之功，不下吉利也。据此，则地鳝即金蛇，非
二种矣。
肉
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
【主治】解中金药毒，令人肉作鸡脚裂，夜含银，至晓变为金色者，是也。取蛇四寸炙
黄，煮汁频饮，以瘥为度。银蛇解银药毒（《开宝》）。解
久痢（时珍）。
【发明】
藏器曰∶岭南多毒，足解毒之药，金蛇、白药是矣。
时珍曰∶《圣济总录》治久痢不止，有金星地鳝散∶用金星地鳝（醋炙）、铅丹、白矾（
各五钱，为末。每服二钱，米饮下，日二。
（《纲目》）
【释名】公蛎蛇。
【集解】
时珍曰∶水蛇所在有之，生水中。大如鳝，黄黑色，有缬纹，啮人不甚毒。陶弘景言公
蛎蛇能化鳢者，即此也。水中又有一种泥蛇，黑色，穴居成群。啮人有毒，与水蛇不同。张
文
肉
【气味】甘、咸，寒，无毒。
【主治】消渴，烦热，毒痢（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
《圣惠》水蛇丸∶治消渴，四肢烦热，
蜗牛五十个（水浸五日取涎），入天花粉末煎稠，
丸，姜汤下。
皮
【主治】烧灰油调，敷小儿骨疽脓血不止。又治手指天蛇毒疮（时珍）。
【附方】新二。
小儿骨疮∶《海上方》诗云∶小儿骨痛不堪言，出血流脓实可怜。寻取水蛇皮一个，烧
灰
蛇一条，去头尾，取中截如手指长，剖去骨肉。勿令病者见，以蛇皮包手指，自然束紧，以
纸外裹之。顿觉遍身皆凉，其病即愈。数日后解视，手指有一沟如小绳，蛇皮内宛然有一
蛇，头目俱全也。
（宋《开宝本草》附录。附载银蛇）
【释名】金星地鳝（出自《图经本草》）、银蛇（又名锡蛇）。
李时珍说：金、银、锡，是根据颜色和功效来命名的。金星地鳝，是根据形状来命名的。
【集解】
苏颂说：金蛇产于宾州、澄州。粗细像中指，长约一尺左右，常攀登树木饮用露水，身体呈现金色，在阳光下有光泽。白色的有毒。
李时珍说：据考证，刘恂《岭表录异》记载：金蛇一名地鳝，白色的名叫锡蛇，产于黔州。产于桂州的（金蛇），粗细像拇指，长约一尺左右，鳞甲上分布着金银色的花纹，其解毒的功效，不亚于吉利（一种草药或地名指代的药材，此处保留原意）。据此来看，地鳝就是金蛇，并非两种不同的蛇。
【气味】味咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】解除中金药毒，使人皮肤出现如鸡爪般的裂纹；夜间口含银器，到早晨银器变为金色的，就是这种蛇的疗效。取四寸长的蛇肉炙烤至黄，煮汁频繁饮用，以病愈为度。银蛇能解银药毒（出自《开宝本草》）。治疗久痢（李时珍补充）。
【发明】
陈藏器说：岭南地区多毒物，足可解毒的药物，金蛇、白药便是。
李时珍说：《圣济总录》治疗久痢不止，有用金星地鳝散：用金星地鳝（醋炙）、铅丹、白矾（各五钱，研为末）。每次服用二钱，米汤送下，每日两次。
（以上出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】公蛎蛇。
【集解】
李时珍说：水蛇到处都有，生长在水中。粗细像鳝鱼，颜色黄黑，有网状纹理，咬人毒性不大。陶弘景说公蛎蛇能化为黑鱼（鳢），指的就是这种蛇。水中还有一种泥蛇，黑色，穴居且成群结队。咬人有毒，与水蛇不同。
【气味】味甘、咸，性寒，无毒。
【主治】治疗消渴（糖尿病类症状），烦热，毒痢（李时珍补充）。
【附方】新增一方。
《太平圣惠方》水蛇丸：治疗消渴，四肢烦热。
取蜗牛五十个（用水浸泡五天取出的黏液），加入天花粉粉末煎煮至浓稠，制成丸剂，姜汤送服。
【主治】（水蛇皮）烧成灰后用油调和，敷于小儿骨疽脓血不止处。又用于治疗手指天蛇毒疮（李时珍补充）。
【附方】新增二方。
小儿骨疮：《海上方》诗云：“小儿骨痛不堪言，出血流脓实可怜。寻取水蛇皮一个，烧灰……”
取蛇一条，去掉头尾，取中间段如手指长短，剖去骨肉。不要让病人看见，用蛇皮包裹手指，自然束紧，外面用纸包裹。顿时感觉全身凉爽，病即痊愈。数日后解开查看，手指上有一道沟痕如小绳，蛇皮内宛然有一条完整的蛇，头目俱全。
(Appended in Song Dynasty's *Kaibao Bencao*. Also includes Silver Snake)
**[Names]** Venus Earth Eel (from *Tujing Bencao*), Silver Snake (also known as Tin Snake).
Li Shizhen stated: Gold, silver, and tin are named after their color and efficacy. The "Venus Earth Eel" is named after its shape.
**[Collection of Explanations]**
Su Song said: The Golden Snake is produced in Binzhou and Chengzhou. It is as thick as a middle finger and about one chi long. It often climbs trees to drink dew, its body exhibits a golden color, and it shines in the sunlight. The white ones are toxic.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Liu Xun's *Lingbiao Luyi*, the Golden Snake is also called the Earth Eel; the white variety is called the Tin Snake and is produced in Qinzhou. The Golden Snake from Guizhou is as thick as a thumb and about one chi long, with gold and silver patterns on its scales. Its detoxifying efficacy is no less than that of Jili [a specific herb or regional reference]. Based on this, the Earth Eel is the Golden Snake, not two different species.
**[Odor and Flavor]** Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Resolves toxicity from ingested gold medicines, which causes the skin to crack like chicken feet; if one holds a silver object in the mouth at night and it turns golden by morning, this snake's efficacy is demonstrated. Take four cun of snake meat, roast until yellow, boil in water, and drink the decoction frequently until cured. The Silver Snake resolves toxicity from ingested silver medicines (*Kaibao Bencao*). Treats chronic dysentery (added by Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]**
Chen Zangqi said: There are many toxins in Lingnan; medicinal herbs sufficient for detoxification include the Golden Snake and Baiyao.
Li Shizhen said: In *Shengji Zonglu* for treating persistent chronic dysentery, there is a formula called Venus Earth Eel Powder: Use Venus Earth Eel (roasted with vinegar), Lead Carbonate (Qian Dan), and Alum (Bai Fan) (each 5 qian, ground into powder). Take 2 qian per dose, washed down with rice water, twice daily.
(Above from *Bencao Gangmu*)
**[Names]** Male Oyster Snake.
**[Collection of Explanations]**
Li Shizhen said: Water Snakes are found everywhere, living in water. They are as thick as eels, yellowish-black in color, with net-like patterns, and their bite is not very toxic. Tao Hongjing stated that the Male Oyster Snake can transform into black carp (Li), referring to this snake. There is another type of mud snake in the water, black in color, living in burrows in groups. Its bite is toxic, differing from the Water Snake.
**[Odor and Flavor]** Sweet, salty, cold, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome/diabetes-related symptoms), vexatious heat, and toxic dysentery (added by Li Shizhen).
**[Attached Formulas]** New Formula 1.
*Taiping Shenghui Fang* Water Snake Pill: Treats wasting-thirst syndrome and vexatious heat in the four limbs.
Take 50 snails (soaked in water for five days to extract the mucus), add powder of Trichosanthis Radix (Tianguafen), and decoct until thick. Form into pills, taken with ginger soup.
**[Indications]** (Water Snake Skin) Burned to ash and mixed with oil, applied to sores of pediatric osteomyelitis with unceasing pus and blood. Also treats "Heavenly Snake" toxic sores on fingers (added by Li Shizhen).
**[Attached Formulas]** New Formula 2.
Pediatric Bone Sores: A poem from *Haishang Fang* states: "The pain in children's bones is unbearable, bleeding and flowing pus is truly pitiable. Seek one piece of water snake skin, burn to ash..."
Take one snake, remove the head and tail, take the middle section as long as a finger, dissect away the flesh and bones. Do not let the patient see it. Wrap the finger with the snake skin, binding it naturally tight, and wrap paper around the outside. One will instantly feel coolness throughout the body, and the disease will be cured. After several days, unwrap and inspect; there will be a groove on the finger like a small rope, and inside the snake skin, there will be a complete snake, with head and eyes intact.