（《本经》上品）
【释名】 螂（音当郎）、
（音尤），（《本经》）其子房名螵蛸（音飘绡）、蜱蛸
野狐鼻涕。
颂曰∶《尔雅》云∶莫 、 、不过
时珍曰∶ 螂，两臂如斧，当辙不避，故得当郎之名。俗呼为刀螂，兖人
呼不过也。代人谓之天马，因其首如骧马也。燕赵之间谓之蚀疣。疣即疣子，小肉赘也。
今人病疣者，往往捕此食之，其来有自矣。其子房名螵蛸者
饲小儿，云止夜尿，则 、致神之名，盖取诸此。《酉阳杂俎》谓之野狐鼻涕，象形也。
又扬雄《方言》云∶螳螂
【集解】弘景曰∶螳螂俗呼石螂，逢树便产，以桑上者为好，是兼得桑皮之津气也。惟
连枝断取者为真，伪者亦以胶着桑枝之上也。
保升曰∶螵蛸在处有之，螳螂卵也。多在小桑树上，丛荆棘间。三、四月中，一枝出小
螳螂数百枚。
时珍曰∶螳螂，骧首奋臂，修颈大腹，二手四足，善缘而捷，以须代鼻，喜食人发，能
翳叶捕蝉。或云术家取翳作法，可以隐形。深秋乳子作房，粘着枝上，即螵蛸也。房长寸许，
大如拇指，其内重重有隔房。每房有子如蛆卵，至芒种节后一齐出。故《月令
有云，仲夏螳螂生也。
【修治】《别录》曰∶桑螵蛸生桑枝上，螳螂子也。二月、三月采，
令人泄。
曰∶凡使勿用杂树上生者，名螺螺。须觅桑树东畔枝上者。采得去核子，用沸浆水浸
淘七次，锅中熬干用。别作修事无效也。
韩保升曰∶三、四月采得，以热浆水浸一伏时，焙干，于柳木灰中炮黄用。
螳螂
【主治】小儿急惊风搐搦，又出箭镞。生者能食疣目（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶螳螂，古方不见用者，惟《普济方》治惊风，吹鼻
亦蚕、蝎定搐之义。古方风药多用螵蛸，则螳螂治风，同一理也。又《医林集要》∶出箭镞
亦用之。
【附方】新二。
惊风定搐∶中分散∶用螳螂一个，蜥蜴一条，赤足蜈蚣一条，各中分之，随左右研末。
记定男用左，女用右。每以一字吹鼻内，搐之。吹左即左定，吹右即右定也。（《普济》）
箭镞入肉不可拔者∶用螳螂一个，巴豆半个，同研，敷伤处。微痒且忍，极痒乃撼拔之。
以黄连、贯众汤洗拭，锻石敷之。
桑螵蛸
【气味】咸、甘，平，无毒。
之才曰∶得龙骨，疗泄精。畏旋复花（戴椹）。
【主治】伤中疝瘕阴痿，益精生子，女子血闭腰痛，通五淋，利小便水道
疗男子虚损，五脏气微，梦寐失精遗溺。久服益气养神
利（甄权）。
【发明】
时珍曰∶桑螵蛸，肝、肾、命门药也，古方盛用之。
权曰∶男子肾衰精自出，及虚而小便利者，加而用之。
颂曰∶古今方漏精及风药中，多用之。
宗 曰∶男女虚损，肾衰阴痿，梦中失精遗溺，白浊疝瘕，不可阙也。邻家一男子，小
便日数十次。如稠米泔，心神恍惚，瘦瘁食减，得之女劳。令服桑螵蛸散药，未终一剂而愈。
其药安神魂，定心志，治健忘，补心气，止小便数。用桑螵蛸、远志、龙骨、菖蒲、人参、
茯神、当归、龟甲（醋炙）各一两，为末。卧时，人参汤调下二钱。如无桑上者，即用他树
者，以炙桑白皮佐之。桑白皮行水，以接螵蛸就肾经也。
【附方】旧三，新七。
遗精白浊
下。（《外台
小便不通∶桑螵蛸（炙黄）三十枚，黄芩二两，水煎。分二服。（《圣惠》）
妇人胞转，小便不通∶用桑螵蛸炙为末，饮服方寸匕，日三。（《产书》）
妇人遗尿∶桑螵蛸酒炒为末，姜汤服二钱。（《千金翼》）
妊娠遗尿
产后遗尿
方》）
咽喉肿塞∶桑上螳螂窠一两（烧灰），马屁勃半两，研匀，蜜丸梧子大。煎犀角汤，每
服三五丸。（《总病论》）
咽喉骨哽∶桑螵蛸醋煎，呷之。（《经验良方》）
底耳疼痛∶桑螵蛸一个（烧存性），麝香一字。研末。每用半字，掺入神效。有脓先缴
净。（《经验方》）
小儿软疖 桑螵蛸烧存性，研末，油调敷之。（《危氏方》）
【释名】 螳螂（音当郎）、螵蛸（音飘绡），出自《神农本草经》。其卵鞘称为螵蛸，又称蜱蛸或野狐鼻涕。
李时珍说：螳螂，两臂像斧头，遇到车轮不躲避，所以得名“当郎”。俗称为刀螂，兖州人称为“不过”。代地人称之为天马，因为它的头部像昂首的马。燕赵之间称之为蚀疣。“疣”即疣子，是小的肉赘。现在人患疣病时，往往捕捉这种虫子食用，这由来已久。它的卵鞘称为螵蛸，用来喂养小儿，据说能止住夜间遗尿，那么“螵”、“蛸”致神之名，大概取意于此。《酉阳杂俎》称之为野狐鼻涕，这是形容其形状。另外扬雄《方言》记载：螳螂……
【集解】陶弘景说：螳螂俗称为石螂，碰到树就产卵，以桑树上的为好，这是因为兼得了桑皮的津液之气。只有连着树枝折断取下的才是真品，伪品也是用胶粘在桑枝上的。
保升说：螵蛸到处都有，是螳螂的卵。多在小桑树上，丛生的荆棘间。三、四月份，一枝上会生出数百只小螳螂。
李时珍说：螳螂，昂首挥臂，颈长腹大，两只前足四只后足，善于攀爬且敏捷，用触角代替鼻子，喜欢吃人的头发，能藏在树叶中捕蝉。有人说术士采集它制作法术，可以隐形。深秋时节产卵做房，粘附在树枝上，就是螵蛸。巢穴长约一寸，大如拇指，里面重重有隔间。每房有子如蛆卵，到芒种节后一齐孵化出来。所以《月令》中说，仲夏时节螳螂出生。
【修治】《名医别录》说：桑螵蛸生在桑枝上，是螳螂的子。二月、三月采集，……令人泄泻。
曰：凡使用不要选用杂树上生长的，名叫螺螺。必须寻找桑树东边枝条上的。采集后去掉核子，用沸水浸泡淘洗七次，在锅中熬干使用。其他制作方法无效。
韩保升说：三、四月采集，用热浆水浸泡一个时辰，焙干，在柳木灰中炮至黄色使用。
螳螂
【主治】小儿急惊风抽搐，以及拔出箭头。生品能吃掉疣目（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：螳螂，古方中不见使用，只有《普济方》治疗惊风，吹鼻……也有蚕、蝎定搐的含义。古方中风药多用螵蛸，那么螳螂治风，道理是一样的。另外《医林集要》：拔出箭头也使用它。
惊风定搐：中分散：用一个螳螂，一条蜥蜴，一条赤足蜈蚣，各从中间剖开，根据左右研磨成末。记住男用左侧，女用右侧。每次取一字量吹入鼻内，引起喷嚏。吹左边左边就停止，吹右边右边就停止。（《普济方》）
箭头入肉无法拔出的：用一个螳螂，半个巴豆，共同研磨，敷在伤口处。微痒且忍耐，极痒时晃动拔出。用黄连、贯众汤清洗擦拭，用锻石敷贴。
桑螵蛸
【主治】伤中疝瘕阳痿，益精生子，女子血闭腰痛，通五淋，利小便水道，治疗男子虚损，五脏气微弱，梦寐失精遗尿。久服益气养神……（甄权）。
【发明】
寇宗奭说：男女虚损，肾衰阳痿，梦中失精遗尿，白浊疝瘕，不可缺少的药物。邻家一男子，小便每天数十次。像稠米泔水，心神恍惚，消瘦食减，得自女劳。让他服用桑螵蛸散药，未服完一剂就好了。该药安神魂，定心志，治健忘，补心气，止小便频数。用桑螵蛸、远志、龙骨、菖蒲、人参、茯神、当归、龟甲（醋炙）各一两，研为末。睡前，用人参汤调下二钱。如果没有桑树上的，就用其他树的，以炙桑白皮辅助。桑白皮行水，以引导螵蛸进入肾经。
小便不通：桑螵蛸（炙黄）三十枚，黄芩二两，水煎。分两次服用。（《圣惠方》）
妇人胞转，小便不通：用桑螵蛸炙为末，饮服方寸匕，每日三次。（《产书》）
咽喉肿塞：桑上螳螂窠一两（烧灰），马屁勃半两，研匀，蜜丸梧子大。煎犀角汤，每次服三五丸。（《总病论》）
(Shangpin, High Grade, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Tanglang (Mantis), Piaoxiao (Ootheca), from *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Its egg case is called Piaoxiao, also known as Pishao or "Wild Fox Nasal Discharge".
Su Song states: *Erya* records: Mo , , Bu Guo.
Li Shizhen states: Tanglang (Mantis) has arms like axes and does not avoid chariot wheels when in its path, hence the name "Danglang" (When Wheel). It is commonly called Daolang (Knife Mantis); people in Yanzhou call it "Bu Guo". People in Dai region call it Tianma (Heavenly Horse) because its head resembles a rearing horse. In the Yan and Zhao regions, it is called Shiyou. "You" refers to warts, which are small flesh excrescences. Nowadays, people suffering from warts often capture and eat this insect, a practice with ancient origins. Its egg case is called Piaoxiao; used to feed children, it is said to stop nocturnal enuresis. Thus, the names "Piao" and "Xiao" implying divine efficacy seem derived from this. *Youyang Zazu* calls it "Wild Fox Nasal Discharge," describing its shape. Furthermore, Yang Xiong's *Fangyan* records: Tanglang...
**[Collection and Identification]** Tao Hongjing states: Tanglang (Mantis) is commonly called Shilang (Stone Mantis). It lays eggs wherever it finds trees, but those on mulberry trees are considered best, as they absorb the essence of mulberry bark. Only those broken off with the branch are genuine; fake ones are glued onto mulberry branches.
Baosheng states: Piaoxiao (Ootheca) is found everywhere; it is the egg of the mantis. It is mostly found on small mulberry trees, among thickets of thorns. In March and April, hundreds of young mantises emerge from one branch.
Li Shizhen states: Tanglang (Mantis) raises its head and brandishes its arms, with a long neck and large abdomen, two forelegs and four hind legs. It is good at climbing and agile, using antennae instead of a nose, likes to eat human hair, and can hide in leaves to catch cicadas. Some say practitioners use it for magic spells to become invisible. In late autumn, it produces offspring in cases, sticking them to branches; these are Piaoxiao (Ootheca). The case is about one cun long, as thick as a thumb, with internal partitions. Each case contains eggs like maggot larvae, which all hatch after the Mangzhong solar term. Hence, *Yueling* states that mantises are born in mid-summer.
**[Processing]** *Bielu* states: Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca) grows on mulberry branches and is the egg of the mantis. Collected in February and March... causes diarrhea.
States: Do not use those growing on miscellaneous trees, named Luoluo. One must seek those on the eastern branches of mulberry trees. After collection, remove the inner contents, soak and wash seven times in boiling water, then dry in a pot. Other processing methods are ineffective.
Han Baosheng states: Collected in March and April, soaked in hot starch water for one shichen (two hours), dried by baking, then roasted in willow wood ash until yellow.
Tanglang (Mantis)
**[Indications]** Pediatric acute convulsive disorder (Jing Feng) with spasms, and extraction of arrowheads. Raw form can consume warts (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Li Shizhen states: Tanglang (Mantis) is rarely used in ancient prescriptions. Only *Puji Fang* uses it for treating convulsive disorder, blown into the nose... similar to the meaning of silkworm and scorpion stopping spasms. Ancient prescriptions for wind diseases often use Piaoxiao (Ootheca); thus, Tanglang (Mantis) treating wind follows the same principle. Additionally, *Yilin Jiyao*: Extraction of arrowheads also uses it.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Two new prescriptions.
Stopping Convulsions in Convulsive Disorder: Zhongfen San: Use one Tanglang (Mantis), one lizard, one red-footed centipede. Split each in half, grind into powder according to left or right. Remember: males use the left side, females use the right side. Blow one "yi zi" amount into the nostril to induce sneezing. Blowing the left stops the left spasm; blowing the right stops the right spasm. (*Puji Fang*)
Arrowhead stuck in flesh unable to be pulled out: Grind one Tanglang (Mantis) and half a Badou (Croton Seed) together. Apply to the wound. Endure slight itching; when extremely itchy, shake and pull it out. Wash and wipe with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Guanzhong (Cyathulae Radix) decoction. Apply Duanshi (Calculated Alum).
Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca)
**[Nature and Flavor]** Salty, Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Xu Zhicai states: With Longgu (Fossil Bone), treats seminal emission. Harmed by Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower).
**[Indications]** Treats Shangzhong (Middle Injury), Shan Jia (Abdominal Masses), Yin Wei (Impotence). Benefits essence and promotes childbirth. Treats women's blood obstruction and lower back pain. Unblocks Wulin (Five Stranguries). Promotes urination. Treats men's deficiency exhaustion, weak Qi of the five zang organs, dream emission, and nocturnal enuresis. Long-term use benefits Qi and nourishes Shen (Spirit)... (Zhen Quan).
**[Elucidation]**
Li Shizhen states: Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca) is a medicine for the Liver, Kidney, and Mingmen (Gate of Life). It was heavily used in ancient prescriptions.
Zhen Quan states: For men with kidney decline causing spontaneous seminal emission, and those who are deficient with frequent urination, add and use it.
Su Song states: In ancient and modern prescriptions for leakage of essence and wind medicines, it is frequently used.
Kou Zongshi states: For deficiency exhaustion in men and women, kidney decline, impotence, dream emission, nocturnal enuresis, white turbidity, and Shan Jia (Abdominal Masses), it is indispensable. A man next door urinated dozens of times a day. His urine was like thick rice water; he had vague spirit, emaciation, and reduced appetite, caused by sexual exertion. I ordered him to take Sangpiaoxiao San. He was cured before finishing one dose. This medicine calms the Hun and Po, stabilizes Xin Zhi (Heart Will), treats forgetfulness, tonifies Heart Qi, and stops frequent urination. Use Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Longgu (Fossil Bone), Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Guijia (Testudinis et Chelydrae Carapax et Plastrum - calcined with vinegar) each 1 liang. Grind into powder. At bedtime, take 2 qian mixed with Renshen (Ginseng) decoction. If mulberry-derived ones are unavailable, use those from other trees, assisted by Zhisangbaipi (Mori Cortex). Sangbaipi moves water, guiding Piaoxiao to enter the Kidney meridian.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Three old prescriptions, seven new prescriptions.
Seminal Emission and White Turbidity
Urinary Obstruction: Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca - calcined yellow) 30 pieces, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) 2 liang. Decoct in water. Divide into two doses. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Uterine Retroversion in Women with Urinary Obstruction: Grind Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca) into powder after calcining. Take one fangcun bi with drink, three times daily. (*Chanshu*)
Nocturnal Enuresis in Women: Wine-fry Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca), grind into powder. Take 2 qian with Ginger decoction. (*Qianjin Yifang*)
Nocturnal Enuresis during Pregnancy
Postpartum Nocturnal Enuresis
Swollen and Blocked Throat: Sangshang Tanglangke (Mulberry Mantis Nest) 1 liang (burnt to ash), Mapibo (Ascidiella aspersa/Sea Squirt) 0.5 liang. Grind evenly, make pills the size of wuizi (wu berry). Decoct Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu) soup. Take 3-5 pills per dose. (*Zongbing Lun*)
Fish Bone Stuck in Throat: Decoct Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca) in vinegar. Sip slowly. (*Jingyan Liangfang*)
Deep Ear Pain: Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca) 1 piece (burnt to retain nature), Shexiang (Moschus) one "yi zi". Grind into powder. Use half "yi zi" per application. Miraculous effect. Drain pus first if present. (*Jingyan Fang*)
Soft Carbuncle in Children: Burn Sangpiaoxiao (Mulberry Ootheca) to retain nature, grind into powder. Mix with oil and apply. (*Weishi Fang*)