（《纲目》）
【释名】栗鼠（《尔雅翼》）、松狗。
及松皮，夷人呼为栗鼠、松狗。
【集解】时珍曰∶按许慎《说文》云∶貂，鼠属，大而黄黑色，出丁零国。今辽东、高
丽及女
直、鞑靼诸胡皆有之。其鼠大如獭而尾粗。其毛深寸许，紫黑色，蔚而不耀。用皮为裘、帽
、风领，寒月服之，得风更暖，着水不濡，得雪即消，拂面如焰，拭眯即出，亦奇物也。惟
近火则毛易脱。汉制侍中冠，金 饰首，前插
貂尾，加以附蝉，取其内劲而外温。毛带黄色者，为黄貂；白色者，为银貂。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
毛皮
【主治】尘沙眯目，以裘袖 之，即去（时珍）。
（《纲目》）
【释名】礼鼠（《韩语》）、拱鼠（同上）、
时珍曰∶黄鼠，晴暖则出坐穴口，见人则交其前足，拱而如揖，乃窜入穴。即
诗所谓相鼠有体，人而无礼；《韩语》所谓礼鼠拱而立者也。古文谓之 鼠
。辽人呼为貔狸，或以貔狸为竹 、狸、獾者非。胡人亦名令邦。
【集解】时珍曰∶黄鼠出太原、大同，延、绥及沙漠诸地皆有之，
辽人尤为珍贵。状类大
鼠，黄色，而足短善走，极肥。穴居有土窖如床榻之状者，则牝牡所居之处。秋时畜豆、粟
、草木之实以御冬，各为小窖，别而贮之。村民以水灌穴而捕之。味极肥美，如豚子而脆。
皮可为裘领。辽、金、元时以羊乳饲之，用供上膳，以为珍馔，千里赠遗。今亦不甚重之矣
。最畏鼠野狼，能入穴衔出也。北胡又有青鼠，皮亦可用。银鼠，白色如银，古名
鼠（音吸）。《抱朴子》言∶南海白鼠重数斤，毛可为布也。《百感
录》云∶西北有兽类黄鼠，短喙无目，性狡善听，闻人足音辄逃匿，不可卒得。土人呼为瞎
撞。亦黄鼠类也。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。《正要》云∶多食发疮。
【主治】润肺生津。煎膏贴疮肿，解毒止痛（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶黄鼠，北方所食之物，而方书无载。按《经验良方》有灵鼠膏，云治
诸疮
肿毒，去痛退热。用大黄鼠一个，清油一斤，慢火煎焦，水上试油不散，乃滤滓澄清再煎。
次入炒紫黄丹五两，柳枝不住搅匀，滴水成珠，下黄蜡一两，熬黑乃成。去火毒三日，如常
摊贴。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】栗鼠（出自《尔雅翼》）、松狗。
以及松皮，夷人称之为栗鼠、松狗。
【集解】李时珍说：据许慎《说文解字》记载：貂，属于鼠类，体型较大，毛色黄黑相间，出产于丁零国。如今辽东、高丽以及女真、鞑靼等胡地都有这种动物。这种鼠体型大如水獭而尾巴粗壮。其毛发深约一寸，呈紫黑色，色泽浓郁但不耀眼。用它的皮毛制作裘衣、帽子和风领，在寒冷月份穿着，迎风更觉温暖，沾水不湿，遇雪即化，拂面如火焰般温热，擦拭眼中迷尘即可去除，也是奇异的物品。只是靠近火源则毛发容易脱落。汉代制度中侍中的冠帽，以金饰为首，前插貂尾，加上附蝉装饰，取其内里强劲而外表温润之意。毛带黄色者，称为黄貂；白色者，称为银貂。
肉
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
毛皮
【主治】尘沙迷眼，用裘衣袖口擦拭，即可去除（李时珍）。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】礼鼠（出自《韩语》）、拱鼠（同上）。
李时珍说：黄鼠，天气晴暖时便出来坐在洞口，见到人就将前足交叉，拱手作揖状，然后窜入洞中。这就是《诗经》所说的“相鼠有体，人而无礼”；《韩语》中所说的“礼鼠拱而立”的情况。古文中称之为䶉鼠。辽人称之为貔狸，有人将貔狸误认为是竹狸、狸或獾的，这是错误的。胡人也称其为令邦。
【集解】李时珍说：黄鼠出产于太原、大同，延州、绥州及沙漠各地都有，辽人尤其视其为珍贵之物。形状像大鼠，毛色黄，脚短但善于奔跑，非常肥壮。穴居，有土窖状如床榻的，是雌雄居住的地方。秋季储藏豆类、粟米、草木果实以度过冬天，各自挖小窖分别储存。村民用水灌洞来捕捉它们。味道极肥美，像小猪仔一样脆嫩。皮可制作裘领。辽、金、元时期用羊乳喂养它，用来进贡给皇室作为珍馐美味，千里之外赠送礼品。现在人们也不太重视它了。最害怕野狼，野狼能进入洞穴将其衔出。北方胡人还有青鼠，皮也可以使用。银鼠，白色如银，古名叫鼅鼠（音同“吸”）。《抱朴子》说：南海白鼠重达数斤，其毛可织成布。《百感录》说：西北有一种兽类似黄鼠，嘴短无目，性情狡猾善于听声，听到人的脚步声就逃跑躲藏，不能立刻得到。当地人称之为瞎撞。也属于黄鼠一类。
肉
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。《正要》说：多吃会引发疮疡。
【发明】李时珍说：黄鼠是北方食用的食物，但医方书籍中没有记载。据《经验良方》中有灵鼠膏，说治疗各种疮肿毒，去痛退热。用一个大黄鼠，清油一斤，慢火煎至焦黑，在水面上测试油不散开，然后滤去渣滓澄清再煎。接着加入炒至紫色的黄丹五两，用柳枝不停搅拌均匀，滴水成珠状，加入黄蜡一两，熬至黑色即成。去火毒三天后，像平常一样摊贴使用。
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Li Shu (from *Erya Yi*), Song Gou.
And regarding pine bark, barbarians call it Li Shu and Song Gou.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: According to Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi*: Diao is a type of rodent, large in size with yellow-black fur, originating from the Dingling state. Currently, they are found in Liaodong, Goryeo, as well as among the Jurchen and Tatar peoples. These rodents are as large as otters but have thick tails. Their fur is about one cun deep, purple-black in color, rich yet not dazzling. Used for making fur coats, hats, and wind collars, wearing them in cold months makes one warmer when exposed to wind; they do not get wet when touching water, melt snow upon contact, feel warm like flames against the face, and can remove dust or grit from the eyes. They are indeed奇异 objects. However, their fur easily falls off near fire. In Han dynasty regulations, the crown of the Shizhong official was adorned with gold at the top, inserted with a diao tail at the front, and decorated with cicadas, symbolizing inner strength and outer warmth. Those with yellowish fur are called Huang Diao; those with white fur are called Yin Diao.
Meat
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Fur and Skin
[Indications] For dust or sand irritating the eyes, wipe with the sleeve of a fur coat to remove (Li Shizhen).
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Li Shu (from *Hanyu*), Gong Shu (ibid.).
Li Shizhen said: The Huang Shu (Yellow Rat), on sunny and warm days, comes out and sits at the entrance of its burrow. When seeing people, it crosses its forepaws, arches its body as if bowing, and then scurries into the hole. This corresponds to what the *Classic of Poetry* says: "The rat has a body, but man lacks propriety"; and what *Hanyu* refers to as "the Li Shu stands arched." In ancient texts, it is called Bi Shu. People from Liaodong call it Pi Li. It is incorrect to identify Pi Li as Bamboo Civet, Civet, or Badger. Barbarians also call it Ling Bang.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Huang Shu originates from Taiyuan and Datong, and is found in Yanzhou, Suizhou, and various desert regions. People from Liaodong particularly value it. Its shape resembles a large rat, with yellow fur, short legs but good running ability, and it is very fat. It lives in burrows; earthen cellars shaped like beds are where males and females reside. In autumn, they store beans, millet, and fruits of grasses and trees to survive winter, digging small separate cellars for storage. Villagers catch them by flooding their burrows with water. The meat is extremely fatty and delicious, crisp like piglets. The skin can be made into fur collars. During the Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, they were fed sheep milk and served as imperial delicacies, gifted over thousands of li. Nowadays, they are not highly valued. They fear wild wolves most, which can enter burrows and drag them out. Northern barbarians also have Qing Shu (Green Rat), whose skin is also usable. Yin Shu (Silver Rat) is white as silver; in ancient times it was called Xi Shu (pronounced 'xi'). *Baopuzi* states: White rats in the South Sea weigh several jin, and their fur can be woven into cloth. *Baigan Lu* says: In the northwest, there is an animal resembling the Huang Shu, with a short snout and no eyes, cunning nature, and good hearing; it flees upon hearing human footsteps and cannot be caught quickly. Locals call it Xia Zhuang (Blind Bumper). It also belongs to the Huang Shu category.
Meat
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. *Zhengyao* states: Consuming too much may cause sores.
[Indications] Moistens the lungs and generates fluids. Decocted into a paste and applied to swellings/sores to resolve toxicity and relieve pain (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Huang Shu is food consumed in the north, but it is not recorded in medical formularies. According to *Jingyan Liangfang*, there is a formula called Ling Shu Gao (Spirit Rat Paste), stated to treat various sores, swellings, and toxins, relieving pain and reducing fever. Take one large Huang Shu and one jin of refined sesame oil, slowly fry until charred. Test the oil on water; if it does not disperse, filter out the dregs, clarify, and fry again. Then add five liang of calcined red lead (Huang Dan) fried until purple, stirring constantly with a willow branch until dripping water forms beads. Add one liang of beeswax, boil until black, and the paste is ready. Remove the "fire toxin" for three days, then apply as usual.