（《拾遗》）
【释名】毛狗。
时珍曰∶《禽书》云∶野狼逐食，能倒立，先卜所向，兽之良者也。故字从良。《尔雅》云∶
牡曰獾，牝曰野狼，其子曰 （音叫）。
【集解】藏器曰∶野狼大如狗，苍色，鸣声则诸孔皆沸。
时珍曰∶野狼，豺属也，处处有之，北方尤多，喜食之，南人呼为毛狗是矣。其居有穴。
其形大如犬，而锐头尖喙，白颊骈胁，高前广后，脚不甚高。能食鸡鸭鼠物。其色杂黄黑，
亦有苍灰色者。其声能大能小，能作儿啼以魅人，野俚尤恶其冬鸣。其肠直，故鸣则后窍皆
沸，而粪为烽烟，直上不斜。其性善顾而食戾践藉。老则其胡如袋，所以跋胡 尾，进退两
患。其象上应奎
颖曰∶狈足前短，知食所在；野狼足后短，负之而行，故曰野狼狈。
野狼筋
藏器曰∶野狼筋如织络袋子，又若筋胶所作，大小如鸭卵。人有犯盗者，熏之即脚挛缩，
因之获贼也。或言是野狼 下筋，又言是虫所作，未知孰是？
时珍曰∶按李石《续博物志》云∶唐时有野狼巾，一作野狼筋，状如大蜗，两头光，带黄色。
有段 失金帛，集奴婢于庭焚之，一婢脸 ，乃窃器者。此即陈氏所谓野狼筋也。愚谓其事盖
术者所为，未必实有是理，而罗氏《尔雅翼》解为野狼 中筋，大于鸡卵，谬矣。
肉
【气味】咸，热，无毒。味胜狐、犬。
【主治】补益五脏，浓肠胃，填精髓，腹有冷积者宜食之（时珍。出《饮膳正要》）。
膏
【主治】补中益气，润燥泽皱，涂诸恶疮（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶腊月炼净收之。《礼记》云∶小切野狼 膏，与稻米为酏。谓以野狼胸臆
中膏，和米作粥糜也。古人多食野狼肉，以膏煎和饮食。故《内则》食野狼去肠，《周礼》兽人
冬献野狼，取其膏聚也。诸方亦时用野狼之靥、牙、皮、粪，而本草并不着其功用，止有陈藏器
述野狼筋疑似一说，可谓缺矣。今通据《饮膳正要》诸书补之云。
牙
【主治】佩之，辟邪恶气。刮末水服，治 犬伤。烧灰水服方寸匕，治食牛中毒（时珍。
出《短剧》诸方）。
喉靥
【主治】噎病，晒干为末，每以半钱入饭内食之，妙（《圣惠》）。
皮
【主治】暖人，辟邪恶气。嗉下皮，搓作条，勒头，能去风止痛（《正要》。淮南子《万
毕术》云∶野狼皮当户，羊不敢出）。
尾
【主治】系马胸前，辟邪气，令马不惊（《正要》）。
屎
【主治】瘰 ，烧灰，油调封之。又治骨哽不下，烧灰，水服之（时珍。出（《外台》、
《千金方》）。
屎中骨
【主治】小儿夜啼，烧灰，水服二黍米大，即定。又能断酒
【附方】新一。
破伤风∶野狼、虎穿肠骨四钱（炙黄），桑花、蝉蜕各二钱，为末。每服一钱，米汤调下。
若口干者，不治。（《经验方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】毛狗。
李时珍说：《禽书》记载：野狼在追逐食物时，能够倒立，先占卜所指向的方向，是野兽中优良的一种。所以“狼”字从“良”。《尔雅》记载：雄性称为獾，雌性称为野狼，幼崽称为 （音同“叫”）。
【集解】陈藏器说：野狼体型大如狗，毛色苍灰，鸣叫时各个孔窍都会沸腾。
李时珍说：野狼属于豺类，各地都有，北方尤其多，人们喜欢吃它，南方人称呼它为毛狗，就是这个意思。它们居住在有洞穴的地方。它们的形体大如犬，但头部尖锐、嘴喙尖细，脸颊两侧白色、肋骨并连，前高后广，脚不太高。能吃鸡、鸭、老鼠等物。毛色杂有黄黑，也有苍灰色的。叫声能大能小，能发出婴儿啼哭的声音来迷惑人，乡野之人特别厌恶它们在冬天鸣叫。它们的肠子是直的，所以鸣叫时后窍都沸腾，粪便像烽烟一样，笔直向上而不倾斜。性情善于回顾且饮食乖戾践踏。老了之后胡须像袋子，所以跋胡疐尾（胡子像袋垂在前胸，尾巴短不能摆动），进退两难。其形象上对应奎宿。
颖说：狈的前足短，知道食物的位置；野狼的后足短，背着它行走，所以说狼狈。
野狼筋
陈藏器说：野狼筋像织网的袋子，又像用筋胶制作的，大小如同鸭蛋。如果有盗贼作案，焚烧此筋，盗贼的脚就会痉挛收缩，因此能抓获盗贼。有人说这是野狼生殖器下的筋，又有人说是虫子所作，不知道哪个是正确的？
李时珍说：查阅李石《续博物志》记载：唐代时有野狼巾，一作野狼筋，形状像大蜗牛，两头光滑，带黄色。有个段姓人丢失了金银丝帛，召集奴婢在庭院中焚烧此物，一个婢女脸上出现痕迹，原来是偷窃器具的人。这就是陈氏所说的野狼筋。我认为这件事大概是方术之士所为，未必真有此理，而罗愿《尔雅翼》解释为野狼生殖器中的筋，比鸡蛋还大，这是错误的。
肉
【气味】咸味，热性，无毒。味道胜过狐肉和犬肉。
【主治】补益五脏，增厚肠胃，填补精髓，腹部有冷积者适宜食用（李时珍。出自《饮膳正要》）。
膏
【发明】李时珍说：腊月将脂肪炼净收藏。《礼记》记载：将野狼脂肪切碎，与稻米一起制作酏食。是指用野狼胸臆中的脂肪，和米做成粥糜。古人多吃野狼肉，用脂肪煎和饮食。所以《内则》中提到吃野狼要去掉肠，《周礼》兽人在冬天进献野狼，是为了取它的脂肪聚集起来。各方书中也时常使用野狼的靥、牙、皮、粪，但本草书籍并不记载它们的功用，只有陈藏器叙述了野狼筋疑似的说法，可以说是缺失了。现在通据《饮膳正要》等书补充说明。
牙
【主治】佩戴它，可以辟除邪恶之气。刮成粉末用水送服，治疗狂犬咬伤。烧成灰用水送服一方寸匕，治疗食用牛肉中毒（李时珍。出自《短剧》等方书）。
喉靥
【主治】噎病，晒干研成末，每次取半钱放入饭中食用，效果奇妙（《太平圣惠方》）。
皮
【主治】使人温暖，辟除邪恶之气。嗉囊下的皮，搓成条状勒住头部，能祛风止痛（《饮膳正要》。淮南子《万毕术》记载：野狼皮对着门挂，羊不敢出来）。
尾
【主治】系在马胸前，辟除邪气，使马不惊吓（《饮膳正要》）。
屎
【主治】瘰疬，烧成灰，用油调敷。又治疗骨鲠不下，烧成灰，用水送服（李时珍。出自《外台秘要》、《千金方》）。
屎中骨
【主治】小儿夜啼，烧成灰，用水送服两粒黍米大小的量，即可停止。又能断绝酒瘾
【附方】新编一方。
破伤风：野狼、老虎穿肠骨四钱（炙至黄色），桑花、蝉蜕各二钱，研成末。每次服用一钱，用米汤调下。如果口干者，无法治愈。（《经验方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Names] Mao Gou (Hairy Dog).
Li Shizhen states: The *Qinshu* [Book of Birds and Animals] records that the Lang wolf, when chasing food, can stand on its head, first divining the direction it will go; it is considered one of the superior beasts. Hence the character "Lang" contains the component "Liang" [good/virtuous]. The *Erya* records: The male is called Huan, the female is called Lang, and its offspring is called Jiao (pronounced like "jiao").
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi states: The Lang wolf is as large as a dog, with grayish fur; when it howls, all its orifices appear to boil.
Li Shizhen states: The Lang wolf belongs to the genus *Cuon* [dhole/Asiatic wild dog]; it is found everywhere, especially abundant in the north. People like to eat it, and southerners call it Mao Gou [Hairy Dog], which refers to this animal. It dwells in burrows. Its body is as large as a dog but has a sharp head and pointed snout, white cheeks, parallel ribs, high front and broad rear, and legs that are not very tall. It eats chickens, ducks, rats, and other small animals. Its color is mixed yellow and black, or sometimes grayish-cyan. Its voice can be loud or soft, and it can mimic a baby's cry to bewitch people; rural folk particularly detest its winter howling. Its intestines are straight, so when it howls, its posterior orifice boils, and its feces rise like smoke from a beacon, straight up without tilting. Its nature is cautious yet gluttonous and destructive. In old age, its whiskers form pouch-like structures, leading to the idiom "ba hu zhi wei" [tangled by whiskers and tail], causing difficulty in both advancing and retreating. Its morphology corresponds to the Kui constellation.
Ying states: The Bei beast has short front legs and knows where food is located; the Lang wolf has short hind legs and carries the Bei upon its back, hence the term "Lang Bei" [wolf and bei-beast].
Lang Wolf Tendon
Chen Zangqi states: The Lang wolf tendon resembles a woven mesh bag or glue made from tendons, about the size of a duck egg. If burned when a thief has committed theft, the thief's legs will cramp and contract, thereby facilitating capture. Some say it is the tendon under the Lang wolf's genitals, others say it is produced by insects; it is unknown which is correct.
Li Shizhen states: According to Li Shi's *Xu Bowuzhi* [Continued Encyclopedia of All Things], during the Tang Dynasty, there was an item called Lang Jin [Lang Wolf Tendon/Cloth], also written as Lang Jin, shaped like a large snail, smooth at both ends, and yellowish in color. A person named Duan lost gold and silk, gathered his servants in the courtyard, and burned this substance; a maid showed facial marks, revealing she was the thief who had stolen the vessels. This is what Chen referred to as Lang Jin. I believe this incident was likely staged by practitioners of magic arts and may not reflect actual physiological properties. Luo Yuan's *Erya Yi* [Expanded Explanation of Erya] interprets it as the tendon inside the Lang wolf's genitals, larger than a chicken egg, which is erroneous.
Meat
[Properties and Flavor] Salty, hot, non-toxic. The flavor surpasses that of fox and dog meat.
[Indications] Tonifies the five Zang organs, thickens the stomach and intestines, fills the essence and marrow. Suitable for consumption by those with cold accumulation in the abdomen (Li Shizhen. From *Yinshan Zhengyao* [Correct Essentials for Diet Therapy]).
Fat/Ointment
[Indications] Tonifies the middle Jiao and boosts Qi, moistens dryness and smooths wrinkles, applied topically to treat various malignant sores (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: Refine and store the fat cleanly in the twelfth lunar month. The *Liji* [Book of Rites] records: "Finely chop Lang wolf fat and mix it with rice to make yi [a thin porridge]." This refers to using the fat from the Lang wolf's chest and combining it with rice to make a gruel. Ancients often ate Lang wolf meat, cooking it with rendered fat. Thus, the *Neize* [Internal Regulations] mentions removing the intestines when eating Lang wolf, and the *Zhouli* [Rites of Zhou] notes that Beast Keepers presented Lang wolves in winter specifically to collect their fat. Various medical formulas occasionally use the Lang wolf's chin pad, teeth, skin, and feces, but Materia Medica texts do not record their functions, except for Chen Zangqi's ambiguous mention of the Lang wolf tendon. This is a significant omission. Now, based on *Yinshan Zhengyao* and other books, these are supplemented.
Teeth
[Indications] Wearing them wards off evil qi. Ground into powder and taken with water, it treats rabies from dog bites. Burned to ash and taken with water (one cun bi dose), it treats poisoning from eating beef (Li Shizhen. From *Duanju* and other formulas).
Throat Chin Pad
[Indications] Treats dysphagia [difficulty swallowing]. Dry, grind into powder, take half a qian mixed with rice; this is effective (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
Skin
[Indications] Warms the human body and wards off evil qi. The skin from the crop, rubbed into strips and tied around the head, expels wind and relieves pain (*Yinshan Zhengyao*. Huainanzi's *Wanbi Shu* records: "Hang Lang wolf skin facing the door, and sheep will dare not come out").
Tail
[Indications] Tied to the horse's chest to ward off evil qi and prevent the horse from being startled (*Yinshan Zhengyao*).
Feces
[Indications] For scrofula [tuberculous lymphadenitis], burn to ash and apply with oil. Also treats impacted bone in the throat; burn to ash and take with water (Li Shizhen. From *Waitai Miyao* [Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies] and *Qianjin Fang* [Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold]).
Bone within Feces
[Indications] For infant night crying, burn to ash, take two grains-sized doses with water to stop crying. Also capable of breaking alcohol addiction.
[Attached Formulas] New Formula 1.
Traumatic Tetanus: Lang wolf and tiger intestinal bones, 4 qian (roasted until yellow); mulberry flowers and cicada slough, each 2 qian. Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with rice soup. If the patient experiences dry mouth, the condition is incurable (*Jingyan Fang* [Experience Formula]).