（《本经》中品）
【校正】并入《别录》生铁、《拾遗》劳铁。
【释名】黑金（《说文》）、乌金。
时珍曰∶铁，截也，刚可截物也。于五金属水，故曰黑金。
【集解】《别录》曰∶铁出牧羊平泽及 城，或析城，采无时。
弘景曰∶生铁是不破 ，枪、釜之类。钢铁是杂炼生 ，作刀、镰者。 音柔。
颂曰∶铁，今江南、西蜀有炉冶处皆有之。初炼去矿，用以铸泻器物者，为生铁。再三
销拍，可以作 者，为 铁，亦谓之熟铁。以生柔相杂和，用以作刀剑锋刃者，为钢铁。锻
家烧铁赤沸，砧上打下细皮屑者，为铁落。锻灶中飞出如尘，紫色而轻虚，可以莹磨铜器者，
为铁精。作针家磨 细末者，谓之针砂。取诸铁于器中水浸之，经久色青沫出可以染皂者，
为铁浆。以铁拍作片段，置醋糟中积久衣生刮取者，为铁华粉。入火飞炼者，为铁粉。又马
衔、秤锤、车辖及锯、杵、刀、斧，并俗用有效。
时珍曰∶铁皆取矿土炼成。秦、晋、淮、楚、湖南、闽、广诸山中皆产铁，以广铁为良
。甘肃土锭铁，色黑性坚，宜作刀剑。西番出宾铁尤胜。《宝藏论》云∶铁有五种∶荆铁出
当阳，色紫而坚利；上饶铁次之；宾铁出波斯，坚利可切金玉；太原、蜀山之铁顽滞；刚铁
生西南瘴海中山石上，状如紫石英，水火不能坏，穿珠切玉如土也。《土宿本草》云∶铁受
太阳之气。始生之初，卤石产焉。一百五十年而成磁石，二百年孕而成铁，又二百年不经采
炼而成铜，铜复化为白金，白金化为黄金，是铁与金银同一根源也。今取磁石碎之，内有铁
片，可验矣。
铁禀太阳之气，而阴气不交，故燥而不洁。性与锡相得。《管子》云∶上有赭，下有铁。
铁（《本经》） 恭曰∶此柔铁也，即熟铁。
藏器曰∶经用辛苦者，曰劳铁。
【气味】辛，平，有毒。
大明曰∶畏
磁石、灰炭，能制石亭脂毒。
曰∶铁遇神砂，如泥似粉。
时珍曰∶铁畏皂荚、猪犬脂、乳香、朴硝、 砂、盐卤、荔枝。貘食铁而蛟龙畏铁。凡
诸草木药皆忌铁器，而补肾药尤忌之，否则反消肝肾，盖肝伤则母气愈虚矣。
【主治】坚肌耐痛（《本经》）。劳铁疗贼风，烧赤投酒中饮（藏器）。
生铁（《别录》中品）
【气味】辛，微寒，微毒。（见铁下）
【主治】下部及脱肛（《别录》）。镇心安五脏，治痫疾，黑鬓发。治癣及恶疮疥，蜘蛛
咬，蒜磨，生油调敷（大明）。散瘀血，消丹毒（时珍）。
【发明】恭曰∶诸铁疗病，并不入丸散，皆煮取汁用之。
藏器曰∶铁砂、铁精，并入丸散。
时珍曰∶铁于五金，色黑配水，而其性则制木，故痫疾宜之。《素问》治阳气太盛，病
狂善怒者，用生铁落，正取伐木之义。《日华子》言其镇心安五脏，岂其然哉？本草载太清
服食法，言服铁伤肺者，乃肝字之误。
【附方】旧五，新一。
脱肛历年不入者。生铁二斤。水一斗，煮汁五升，洗之，日再。（《集验方》）
热甚耳聋∶烧铁投酒中饮之，仍以磁石塞耳，日易，夜去之。（《千金方》）
小儿丹毒∶烧铁淬水，饮一合。（陈氏《本草》）
小儿 疮，一名烂疮。烧铁淬水中二七遍，浴之，二、三遍，起作浆。（《子母秘录》）
打扑瘀血，在骨节及胁外不去。以生铁一斤，酒三升，煮一升服。（《肘后方》）
熊虎伤毒∶生铁煮令有味，洗之。（《肘后方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【校正】将《名医别录》中的生铁、《海药本草》中的劳铁并入本条。
【释名】黑金（出自《说文解字》）、乌金。
李时珍说：铁，意为截断，因其质地坚硬可以截断物体。在五行中铁属水，所以称为黑金。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：铁出产于牧羊平泽及某些城池，或者析城等地，采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：生铁是指未经破碎冶炼的块状铁，如枪头、锅釜之类。钢铁是将生铁和熟铁混合冶炼，用来制作刀、镰的工具。“柔”音同“柔”。
苏颂说：铁，如今江南、西蜀有冶炼炉的地方都有产出。初次冶炼去除矿石杂质，用来铸造器皿的是生铁。经过多次销炼拍打，可以用来制作器具的是熟铁，也称为柔铁。将生铁和熟铁混合，用来制作刀剑锋刃的是钢铁。铁匠烧红铁块，在砧板上敲打出的细皮屑，称为铁落。锻铁灶中飞出的像灰尘一样、紫色且轻虚的物质，可以用来打磨铜器，称为铁精。制针工匠磨成的细末，称为针砂。将各种铁放入水中浸泡，时间久了表面出现青色泡沫，可以用来染黑丝织品的，称为铁浆。用铁片做成片段，放在醋糟中堆积很久长出锈衣，刮取下来的，称为铁华粉。入火飞炼而成的，称为铁粉。此外，马嚼子、秤锤、车轴头以及锯、杵、刀、斧等，民间使用都有效。
李时珍说：铁都是从矿土中冶炼而成。秦、晋、淮、楚、湖南、福建、广东等地的山中都产铁，以广铁为优良。甘肃产的土锭铁，颜色黑性质坚硬，适宜制作刀剑。西番出产的宾铁尤其好。《宝藏论》说：铁有五种：荆铁出当阳，颜色紫且坚利；上饶铁次之；宾铁出波斯，坚利可以切割金玉；太原、蜀山的铁质地顽钝迟滞；刚铁生长在西南瘴海中山石上，形状像紫石英，水火不能损坏，穿珠切玉如同泥土一般。《土宿本草》说：铁承受太阳之气。最初生成时，卤石产生于此。一百五十年后变成磁石，二百年孕育成铁，又过二百年不经开采冶炼自然形成铜，铜再化为白金，白金化为黄金，这是铁与金银同一根源。现在取磁石敲碎，里面有铁片，可以验证这一点。
铁禀受太阳之气，但阴气不与之交合，所以干燥而不洁净。其性质与锡相合。《管子》说：上面有赭石，下面就有铁。
铁（收录于《神农本草经》）
孟诜说：这是柔铁，即熟铁。
陈藏器说：经过使用磨损的，称为劳铁。
【气味】辛味，平性，有毒。
孟诜说：畏惧磁石、灰炭，能制约石亭脂的毒性。
某位医家说：铁遇到神砂，就像泥一样软、像粉一样细。
李时珍说：铁畏惧皂荚、猪狗油脂、乳香、朴硝、硇砂、盐卤、荔枝。貘吃铁而蛟龙畏惧铁。凡是各种草木药物都忌讳铁器，而补肾药尤其忌讳，否则反而消耗肝肾之气，因为肝受伤则母气更加虚弱了。
【主治】使肌肉坚实，耐受疼痛（出自《神农本草经》）。劳铁治疗贼风病，烧红后投入酒中饮用（出自陈藏器）。
生铁（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【气味】辛味，微寒，微毒。（详见铁项下）
【主治】下部疾病及脱肛（出自《名医别录》）。镇心安定五脏，治疗癫痫，使头发变黑。治疗癣疾及恶疮疥疮，蜘蛛咬伤，用蒜研磨，加生油调敷（出自孟诜）。散瘀血，消丹毒（出自李时珍）。
【发明】孟诜说：各种铁治疗疾病，都不入丸剂散剂，都是煮取汁液使用。
陈藏器说：铁砂、铁精，并入丸剂散剂。
李时珍说：铁在五金之中，色黑对应水，而其性质克制木，所以癫痫症适宜使用。《素问》治疗阳气太盛，发狂易怒的人，使用生铁落，正是取克制肝木之意。《日华子》说它镇心安定五脏，难道真是这样吗？本草记载太清服食法，说服用铁会伤肺，那是“肝”字的误写。
【附方】旧方五个，新方一个。
脱肛多年无法回纳者。生铁二斤。水一斗，煮取汁液五升，清洗患处，每日两次。（出自《集验方》）
热邪极重导致耳聋：烧红铁块投入酒中饮用，同时用磁石塞住耳朵，每日更换，夜间取下。（出自《千金方》）
小儿丹毒：烧红铁块淬入水中，饮用一合。（出自陈氏《本草》）
小儿疳疮，一名烂疮。烧红铁块在水中淬洗十四遍，用来洗澡，两三次后，疮口起脓浆。（出自《子母秘录》）
跌打损伤导致的瘀血，停留在骨节及胁肋外部无法消散。用生铁一斤，酒三升，煮取一升服用。（出自《肘后方》）
熊虎咬伤中毒：生铁煮到有味道为止，用来清洗伤口。（出自《肘后方》）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Integrated with *Shengtie* (Raw Iron) from *Bielu* and *Laotie* (Labor-worn Iron) from *Shiyi*.
[Names] Black Gold (*Shuowen Jiezi*), Wujin.
Li Shizhen stated: "Tie" (Iron) means to cut, as it is hard enough to cut objects. In the Five Elements, iron corresponds to Water, hence it is called Black Gold.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Iron is produced in Yangmu Pingze and certain cities, or Xicheng, and can be collected at any time.
Tao Hongjing stated: Raw iron refers to unbroken lumps of iron, such as spearheads and cauldrons. Steel is made by smelting raw iron and soft iron together to make knives and sickles. "Rou" (Soft) sounds like "Rou".
Su Song stated: Iron is found wherever there are smelting furnaces in Jiangnan and Xishu today. The iron initially smelted to remove ore impurities for casting vessels is called Raw Iron. After repeated smelting and hammering, it becomes Soft Iron, also known as Rou Tie, which can be used to make utensils. Mixing raw and soft iron to make sword and knife blades is called Steel. The fine skin flakes beaten off red-hot iron on an anvil by smiths are called *Tieluo* (Iron Drops). The purple, light, and void dust-like substance flying out of the forge, used for polishing copper vessels, is called *Tiejing* (Iron Essence). The fine powder ground by needle makers is called *Zhensha* (Needle Sand). Soaking various irons in water until a green foam appears over time, which can dye black silk, is called *Tiejiang* (Iron Slurry). Scraping the rust that grows after placing iron pieces in vinegar lees for a long time is called *Tiehuafen* (Iron Flower Powder). Smelting in fire produces *Tiefen* (Iron Powder). Additionally, horse bits, weights, wheel hubs, saws, pestles, knives, and axes are all effective in folk use.
Li Shizhen stated: Iron is smelted from mineral soil. Mountains in Qin, Jin, Huai, Chu, Hunan, Fujian, and Guangdong all produce iron, with Guang Iron being the best. Tuding Iron from Gansu is black and hard, suitable for making swords and knives. Bin Iron from Tibet is superior. *Baozang Lun* states: There are five types of iron: Jing Iron from Dangyang is purple, hard, and sharp; Shangrao Iron is next; Bin Iron from Persia is hard and sharp enough to cut jade; Iron from Taiyuan and Shu mountains is dull and sluggish; Gang Iron grows on rocks in the miasma seas of the southwest, resembling purple quartz, indestructible by fire and water, capable of drilling beads and cutting jade like earth. *Tusux Bencao* states: Iron receives Qi from the Sun. Initially, halite is produced. After 150 years, it becomes magnetite; after 200 years, it conceives into iron; after another 200 years, without mining or smelting, it becomes copper; copper transforms into white gold, and white gold into yellow gold. Thus, iron shares the same origin as gold and silver. Breaking magnetite reveals iron flakes inside, verifying this.
Iron inherits Solar Qi but does not interact with Yin Qi, so it is dry and unclean. Its nature harmonizes with Tin. *Guanzi* states: Where there is ochre above, there is iron below.
*Tie* (Iron) [Recorded in *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
Meng Shen stated: This is Rou Tie (Soft Iron), i.e., wrought iron.
Chen Cangqi stated: Iron worn through use is called Laotie.
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, Neutral, Toxic.
Meng Shen stated: It fears Magnetite and Ash Charcoal; it can counteract the toxicity of Shitingzhi.
An unnamed physician stated: When iron meets Shensha (Cinnabar), it becomes soft as mud and fine as powder.
Li Shizhen stated: Iron fears Gleditsia sinensis, pig/dog fat, Frankincense, Nitrates, Nao Sha (Ammonium Chloride), Salt Brine, and Lychee. Tapirs eat iron, while dragons fear iron. All herbal medicines avoid iron vessels, especially kidney-tonifying herbs, otherwise they consume Liver and Kidney Qi, as Liver injury leads to further deficiency of Mother Qi.
[Indications] Firm muscles and endure pain (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Laotie treats Zefeng (Evil Wind); burn red hot and drink in wine (Chen Cangqi).
*Shengtie* (Raw Iron) [Recorded in *Bielu*, Middle Category]
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, Slightly Cold, Slightly Toxic. (See under Iron)
[Indications] Lower body diseases and rectal prolapse (*Bielu*). Calms the Heart and anchors the Five Viscera, treats epilepsy, darkens hair. Treats tinea and malignant sores/scabies, spider bites; grind with garlic, mix with raw oil, and apply externally (Meng Shen). Disperses blood stasis, eliminates Dan Du (Red Heat Toxin) (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Meng Shen stated: Various irons for treating diseases are not used in pills or powders; they are boiled to extract juice.
Chen Cangqi stated: Tiesha (Iron Sand) and Tiejing (Iron Essence) are included in pills and powders.
Li Shizhen stated: Among the Five Metals, Iron is black and corresponds to Water, but its nature controls Wood, hence it is suitable for epilepsy. *Suwen* treats mania and anger due to excessive Yang Qi using Shengtieluo (Raw Iron Drops), precisely taking the meaning of subduing Wood. *Rihua Zi* says it calms the Heart and anchors the Five Viscera; is this true? *Bencao* records the Taqing Fushi Fa (Taqing Consumption Method), stating that consuming iron injures the Lungs; this is a typo for "Liver".
[Attached Prescriptions] Five old prescriptions, one new prescription.
Rectal prolapse unreduced for years: 2 jin of Raw Iron. Boil in 1 dou of water to obtain 5 sheng of juice, wash the area, twice daily. (*Jiyan Fang*)
Severe heat causing deafness: Drink wine with red-hot iron quenched in it; plug ears with Magnetite, change daily, remove at night. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Pediatric Dan Du: Quench red-hot iron in water, drink 1 ge. (Chen's *Bencao*)
Pediatric Gan Chuang (a type of ulcer/rotten sore): Quench red-hot iron in water 14 times, bathe in it. After 2-3 baths, pus forms. (*Zimu Milu*)
Traumatic blood stasis in joints and lateral ribs that cannot disperse: Boil 1 jin of Raw Iron in 3 sheng of wine to obtain 1 sheng, take orally. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Bear/Tiger bite poisoning: Boil Raw Iron until it has flavor, wash the wound. (*Zhouhou Fang*)