（《纲目》）
【释名】阿片。
时珍曰∶俗作鸦片，名义未详。或云∶阿，方音称我也。以其花色似芙蓉而得此名。
【集解】时珍曰∶阿芙蓉前代罕闻，近方有用者，云是罂粟花之津液也。罂粟结青苞时，
午后以大针刺其外面青皮，勿损里面硬皮，或三、五处，次早津出，以竹刀刮，收入瓷器，
阴干用之。故今市者犹有苞片在内。王氏《医林集要》言是天方国种红罂粟花，不令水淹头，
七、八月花谢后，刺青皮取之者。案∶此花五月实枯，安得七、八月后尚有青皮？或方土不
同乎？
【气味】酸，涩，温，微毒。
【主治】泻痢脱肛不止，能涩丈夫精气（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶俗人房中术用之。京师售一粒金丹，云通治百病，皆方伎家之术耳。
【附方】新四。
久痢∶阿芙蓉小豆许，空心温水化下，日一服。忌葱、蒜、浆水。若渴，饮蜜水解之。
（
赤白痢下∶鸦片、木香、黄连、白术各一分，研末，饭丸小豆大。壮者一分，老幼半分，
空心米饮下。忌酸物、生冷、油腻、茶、酒、面，无不止者。口渴，略饮米汤。一方∶罂粟
花未开时，外有两片青叶包之，花开即落，收取为末。每米饮服一钱，神效。赤痢用红花
者；白痢用白花者。
一粒金丹∶真阿芙蓉一分，粳米饭捣作三丸。每服一丸，未效再进一丸，不可多服。忌
醋，令人肠断。风瘫，热酒下；口目 邪，羌活汤下；百节痛，独活汤下。正头风，羌活汤
下。偏头风，川芎汤下。眩晕，防风汤下。阴毒，豆淋酒下。疟疾，桃、柳枝汤下。痰喘，
葶苈汤下。久嗽，干姜、阿胶汤下；劳嗽，款冬花汤下。吐泄，藿香汤下。赤痢，黄连汤下。
白痢，干姜汤下。禁口痢，白术汤下。诸气痛，木香酒下。热痛，栀子汤下。脐下痛，灯
汤下。小肠气，川楝子汤下。膀胱气，小茴香汤下。血气痛，乳香汤下。胁痛，热酒下。噎
食
（龚云林《医鉴》）。
【释名】阿片。
李时珍说：俗称为鸦片，其名称由来不详。有人说：“阿”是方言中“我”的意思。因为这种花的花色像芙蓉花，所以得了这个名字。
【集解】李时珍说：阿芙蓉在前代很少听说，近代地方上有人使用，说是罂粟花的汁液。当罂粟结出青色的花苞时，在午后用大针刺破外面绿色的表皮，不要刺伤里面坚硬的皮，或者刺三、五处，第二天早上汁液流出，用竹刀刮取，收入瓷器中，阴干后使用。所以现在市场上售卖的阿芙蓉中还有花苞片在里面。王氏《医林集要》中说这是天方国种植红色罂粟花，不让水淹过头顶，七、八月花谢之后，刺破青皮采集汁液的。考证：这种花在五月果实成熟后就枯萎了，怎么能在七、八月之后还有青皮呢？或许是产地不同吧？
【气味】味酸，涩，性温，有微毒。
【发明】李时珍说：世俗之人用于房中术。京城出售的一粒金丹，声称能通治百病，这都是江湖术士的手段罢了。
【附方】新收录四方。
久痢：阿芙蓉如小豆大小，空腹时用温水化开服用，每天一次。忌食葱、蒜、浆水。如果口渴，喝蜜水解渴。
赤白痢下：鸦片、木香、黄连、白术各一分，研成粉末，用米饭做丸，大小如小豆。身体强壮者服一分，老人和儿童服半分，空腹用米汤送下。忌食酸物、生冷、油腻、茶、酒、面食，没有止不住的。口渴时，稍微喝点米汤。另一方：罂粟花未开时，外面有两片青叶包裹它，花开即落，收集起来研成粉末。每次用米汤送服一钱，效果神奇。红痢用红花；白痢用白花。
一粒金丹：真阿芙蓉一分，用粳米饭捣碎做成三丸。每次服一丸，如果没有见效再服一丸，不可多服。忌醋，否则令人肠断。风瘫，用热酒送下；口眼歪斜，用羌活汤送下；全身关节疼痛，用独活汤送下。正头痛，用羌活汤送下。偏头痛，用川芎汤送下。眩晕，用防风汤送下。阴毒，用豆淋酒送下。疟疾，用桃枝、柳枝汤送下。痰喘，用葶苈汤送下。久咳，用干姜、阿胶汤送下；劳嗽，用款冬花汤送下。呕吐泄泻，用藿香汤送下。红痢，用黄连汤送下。白痢，用干姜汤送下。禁口痢，用白术汤送下。各种气痛，用木香酒送下。热痛，用栀子汤送下。脐下疼痛，用灯心草汤送下。小肠疝气，用川楝子汤送下。膀胱气，用小茴香汤送下。血气痛，用乳香汤送下。胁痛，用热酒送下。噎食（出自龚云林《医鉴》）。
[Names] Opium.
Li Shizhen said: It is commonly known as "Yapian" (opium), and the origin of its name is unclear. Some say that "A" means "I" in a local dialect. It got this name because its flower color resembles that of the hibiscus.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Afuyun (opium) was rarely heard of in previous dynasties, but it has been used in recent times in certain regions. It is said to be the juice of the poppy flower. When the poppy forms green capsules, large needles are used to prick the outer green skin in the afternoon after noon, without damaging the hard inner skin, making three to five punctures. The next morning, when the juice exudes, it is scraped off with a bamboo knife and collected in porcelain vessels to be dried in the shade for use. Therefore, what is currently sold in the market still contains parts of the capsule. Wang's *Yilin Jiyao* states that this comes from red poppies planted in the Tianfang region, where water does not cover the top, and the juice is extracted by pricking the green skin after the flowers wither in the seventh and eighth months. Examination: This plant withers after fruiting in May; how can there still be green skin in the seventh and eighth months? Perhaps it differs by geographical location?
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, astringent, warm, slightly toxic.
[Indications] Treats persistent diarrhea and dysentery leading to rectal prolapse; it can secure and retain the essence of men (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Laypeople use it in sexual arts. In the capital, a pill called "Yili Jin Dan" (One Pill Golden Elixir) is sold, claiming to treat all diseases; these are merely techniques of charlatans.
[Attached Prescriptions] Four new prescriptions.
Chronic Dysentery: A small bean-sized amount of Afuyun (opium), dissolved in warm water on an empty stomach, taken once daily. Avoid scallions, garlic, and sour rice water. If thirsty, drink honey water to relieve thirst.
Dysentery with Red and White Discharge: Yapian (opium), Muxiang (Aucklandia Root), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), and Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), each one fen, ground into powder, formed into pills the size of small beans using rice paste. Strong individuals take one fen; the elderly and children take half a fen, taken on an empty stomach with rice water. Avoid acidic foods, raw/cold items, greasy foods, tea, alcohol, and wheat products. There is no case that cannot be stopped. If thirsty, drink a little rice water. Another prescription: When the poppy flower has not yet opened, two green leaves wrap it externally; they fall off when the flower blooms. Collect them and grind into powder. Take one qian with rice water each time; it is highly effective. Use red poppy flowers for red dysentery; white poppy flowers for white dysentery.
Yili Jin Dan (One Pill Golden Elixir): One fen of genuine Afuyun (opium), pounded with cooked japonica rice into three pills. Take one pill per dose. If ineffective, take another pill. Do not overdose. Avoid vinegar, as it causes intestinal rupture. For wind-induced paralysis, take with hot wine; for facial paralysis (deviation of mouth and eyes), take with Qianghuo Decoction; for pain in all joints, take with Duhuo Decoction. For frontal headache, take with Qianghuo Decoction. For lateral headache, take with Chuanxiong Decoction. For dizziness, take with Fangfeng Decoction. For Yin toxicity, take with Doulin Wine. For malaria, take with Peach and Willow Branch Decoction. For phlegm-wheezing, take with Tingli Decoction. For chronic cough, take with Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) and Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) Decoction; for consumption cough, take with Kuaodonghua (Coltsfoot Flower) Decoction. For vomiting and diarrhea, take with Huoxiang Decoction. For red dysentery, take with Huanglian Decoction. For white dysentery, take with Ganjiang Decoction. For anorexic dysentery, take with Baizhu Decoction. For various Qi pains, take with Muxiang Wine. For heat-pain, take with Zhizi Decoction. For pain below the umbilicus, take with Dengxincao (Juncus Effusus) Decoction. For Xiao Chang Qi (small intestine hernia), take with Chuanlianzi Decoction. For Bladder Qi, take with Xiaohuixiang Decoction. For Blood-Qi pain, take with Ruxiang Decoction. For hypochondriac pain, take with hot wine. For dysphagia (Gong Yunlin, *Yijian*).