（宋《开宝》）
【释名】米囊子（《开宝》）、御米（同上）、象谷。
时珍曰∶其实状如罂子，其米如粟，乃象乎谷，而可以供御，故有诸名。
【集解】藏器曰∶嵩阳子云∶罂粟花有四叶，红白色，上有浅红晕子。其囊形如
箭头，中有细米。
颂曰∶处处有之，人多莳以为饰。花有红、白二种，微腥气。其实形如瓶子，有米粒极
细。圃人隔年粪地，九月布子，涉冬至春，始生苗，极繁茂。不尔则不生，生亦不茂。俟瓶
焦黄，乃采之。
宗 曰∶其花亦有千叶者。一罂凡数千万粒，大小如葶苈子而色白。
时珍曰∶罂粟秋种冬生，嫩苗作蔬食甚佳。叶如白苣，三、四月抽苔结青苞，花开则苞
脱。花凡四瓣，大如仰盏，罂在花中，须蕊裹之。花开三日即谢，而罂在茎头，长一、二寸，
大如马兜铃，上有盖，下有蒂，宛然如酒罂。中有白米极细，可煮粥和饭食。水研滤浆，同
绿豆粉作腐食尤佳。亦可取油。其壳入药甚多，而本草不载，乃知古人不用之也。江东人呼
千叶者为丽春花。或谓是罂粟别种，盖亦不然。其花变态，本自不常。有白者、红者、紫者、
粉红者、杏黄者、半红者、半紫者、半白者，艳丽可爱，故曰丽春，又曰赛牡丹，曰锦被花。
详见游默斋《花谱》。
米
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
颂曰∶性寒。多食利二便，动膀胱气。
【主治】丹石发动，不下饮食，和竹沥煮作粥食，极美（《开宝》）。寇曰∶服石人研此
水煮，加蜜作汤饮，甚宜）。行风气，逐邪热，治反胃胸中痰滞（颂）。治泻痢，润燥（时珍）
【附方】旧一，新一。
反胃吐食∶罂粟粥∶用白罂粟米三合，人参末三大钱，生山芋五寸（细切，研）。三物
以水一升二合，煮取六合，入生姜汁及盐花少许，和匀分服。不计早晚，亦不妨别服汤丸。
（《
泄痢赤白∶罂粟子（炒）、罂粟壳（炙）等分为末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每服三十丸，米饮
下。有人经验。（《百一选方》）。
壳
【修治】时珍曰∶凡用以水洗润，去蒂及筋膜，取外薄皮，阴干细切，以米醋拌炒入药。
亦有蜜炒、蜜炙者。
【气味】酸、涩，微寒，无毒。
时珍曰∶得醋、乌梅、橘皮良。
【主治】止泻痢，固脱肛，治遗精久咳，敛肺涩肠，止心腹筋骨诸痛（时珍）。
【发明】杲曰∶收敛固气。能入肾，故治骨病尤宜。
震亨曰∶今人虚劳咳嗽，多用粟壳止劫；及湿热泄痢者，用之止涩。其治病之功虽急，
杀人如剑，宜深戒之。又曰∶治嗽多用粟壳，不必疑，但要先去病根，此乃收后药也。治痢
亦同。凡痢须先散邪行滞，岂可遽投粟壳、龙骨之药，以闭塞肠胃。邪气得补而愈甚，所以
变症作而淹延不已也。
时珍曰∶酸主收涩，故初病不可用之。泄泻下痢既久，则气散不固，而肠滑肛脱。咳嗽
诸痛既久，则气散不收，而肺胀痛剧。故俱宜此涩之固之，收之敛之。按∶杨氏《直指方》
云∶粟壳治痢，人皆薄之，固矣。然下痢日久，腹中无积痛，当止涩者，岂容不涩？不有此
剂，何以对治乎？但要有辅佐耳。又王硕《易简方》云∶粟壳治痢如神。但性紧涩，多令呕
逆，故人畏而不敢服。若用醋制，加以乌梅，则用得法矣。或同四君子药，尤不致闭胃妨食
而获奇功也。
【附方】新八。
热痢便血∶粟壳（醋炙）一两，陈皮半两，为末。每服三钱，乌梅汤下。（《普济方》）。
久痢不止∶罂粟壳（醋炙）为末，蜜丸弹子大。每服一丸，水一盏，姜三片，煎八分，
温服。又方∶粟壳十两（去膜），分作三分，一分醋炒，一分蜜炒，一分生用。并为末，蜜
丸芡子大。每服三十丸，米汤下。《集要》百中散∶用粟壳（蜜炙）、浓朴（姜制），各四两，
为细末
小儿下痢∶神仙救苦散∶治小儿赤白痢下，日夜百行不止。用罂粟壳半两（醋炒为末，
再以铜器炒过），槟榔半两（炒赤，研末），各收。每用等分，赤痢蜜汤服，白痢沙糖汤下。
忌口味。（《全幼心鉴》）。
水泄不止∶罂粟壳一枚（去蒂膜），乌梅肉、大枣肉各十枚，水一盏，煎七分，温服。（《
经验》）。
久嗽不止，谷气素壮人用之即效∶粟壳去筋，蜜炙为末。每服五分，蜜汤下。（危氏方）。
久咳虚嗽∶贾同知百劳散∶治咳嗽多年，自汗。用罂粟壳二两半（去蒂膜，醋炒取一两），
乌梅半两，焙为末。每服二钱，卧时白汤下。（《宣明方》）。
嫩苗
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】作蔬食，除热润燥，开胃浓肠（时珍）。
【宋《开宝本草》】
【释名】米囊子（出自《开宝本草》）、御米（同上）、象谷。
李时珍说：它的果实形状像罂子，里面的籽粒像粟米，形态又像谷物，而且可以用来进贡给皇帝，所以有了这些名字。
【集解】陈藏器说：嵩阳子说：罂粟花有四片叶子，颜色是红白相间的，上面有浅红色的晕圈。它的蒴果形状像箭头，里面有细小的籽粒。
苏颂说：到处都有生长，人们多种植它作为装饰。花有红色和白色两种，带有轻微的腥气。它的果实形状像瓶子，里面有很细的米粒。园丁在隔年施肥的土地上播种，九月撒种，经过冬至到春天，才开始发芽，长得非常茂盛。如果不这样施肥，就不生长，即使生长也不茂盛。等到蒴果变焦黄时，才采摘。
寇宗奭说：它的花也有重瓣的。一个蒴果里有几千万粒种子，大小像葶苈子但颜色是白色的。
李时珍说：罂粟秋天播种，冬天生长，嫩苗做菜吃味道很好。叶子像白菜，三四月抽苔结出青色的花苞，花开时花苞脱落。花通常有四片花瓣，大如仰放的酒杯，蒴果在花中间，被雄蕊和雌蕊包裹着。花开三天就凋谢了，而蒴果长在茎头，长一到二寸，大如马兜铃，上面有盖子，下面有蒂，完全像酒坛子。里面有极细的白色米粒，可以煮粥或掺饭吃。用水研磨过滤出的浆液，同绿豆粉一起做豆腐吃尤其好。也可以榨油。它的壳入药很多，但《本草》书中没有记载，可知古人不用它。江东人把重瓣的叫丽春花。有人说这是罂粟的另一个品种，大概也不对。它的花变化无常，本来就不固定。有白色的、红色的、紫色的、粉红色的、杏黄色的、半红半白的、半红半紫的、半白半红的，艳丽可爱，所以叫丽春，又叫赛牡丹、锦被花。详见游默斋《花谱》。
【米】
【气味】甘味，平性，无毒。
苏颂说：性寒。多吃会通利大小便，扰动膀胱之气。
【主治】丹石药发作，导致无法进食，与竹沥一起煮成粥吃，味道极好（《开宝本草》）。寇宗奭说：服用石药的人研磨此米用水煮，加蜂蜜做成汤饮用，很适宜。行风气，驱除邪热，治疗反胃胸中痰湿阻滞（苏颂）。治疗腹泻痢疾，润燥（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方一道，新方一道。
反胃吐食：罂粟粥：用白罂粟米三合，人参末三大钱，生山芋五寸（细切，研碎）。这三样东西用水一升二合，煮取六合，加入少许生姜汁和盐花，搅拌均匀分次服用。不分早晚，也可以同时服用汤剂或丸药。（《开宝本草》）
泄痢赤白：罂粟子（炒）、罂粟壳（炙）等分为末，炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三十丸，米汤送下。有人验证有效。（《百一选方》）。
【壳】
【修治】李时珍说：凡是用壳，用水洗润，去掉蒂和筋膜，取外面的薄皮，阴干后细切，用米醋拌炒后入药。也有蜜炒、蜜炙的。
【气味】酸味、涩味，微寒，无毒。
李时珍说：配合醋、乌梅、橘皮使用效果好。
【主治】止泻痢，固脱肛，治疗遗精久咳，收敛肺气涩肠，止心腹筋骨各种疼痛（李时珍）。
【发明】张杲说：收敛固气。能入肾经，所以治疗骨病尤其适宜。
朱震亨说：现在人虚劳咳嗽，多用粟壳强行止涩；以及湿热泄痢者，用它来止涩。它治病的效果虽然急迫，但杀人如剑，应该深深警惕。又说：治疗咳嗽多用粟壳，不必怀疑，但必须先去除病根，这是收后的药物。治疗痢疾也是如此。凡是痢疾必须先发散邪气、行滞，怎么能立刻投用粟壳、龙骨这类药物来闭塞肠胃？邪气得到补益会更严重，所以变症发作且拖延不止。
李时珍说：酸味主收涩，所以初病不可用。泄泻下痢久了，则气散不固，导致肠滑肛脱。咳嗽各种疼痛久了，则气散不收，导致肺胀痛剧烈。所以都适宜用这种药来涩之、固之、收之、敛之。按：杨氏《直指方》说：粟壳治痢，人们都轻视它，确实如此。然而下痢日久，腹中没有积滞疼痛，应当止涩的时候，难道可以不涩吗？没有这个方剂，用什么来对治呢？只是要有辅助药物罢了。又王硕《易简方》说：粟壳治痢如神。但性质紧涩，多让人呕吐逆气，所以人害怕不敢服用。如果用醋制，加上乌梅，就用法得当了。或者同四君子药一起用，更不至于闭胃妨食而获得奇功。
【附方】新方八道。
热痢便血：粟壳（醋炙）一两，陈皮半两，研为末。每次服用三钱，乌梅汤送下。（《普济方》）。
久痢不止：罂粟壳（醋炙）研为末，蜜丸如弹子大。每次服用一丸，水一盏，姜三片，煎至八分，温服。另一法：粟壳十两（去膜），分作三份，一份醋炒，一份蜜炒，一份生用。都研为末，蜜丸如芡子大。每次服用三十丸，米汤送下。《集要》百中散：用粟壳（蜜炙）、浓朴（姜制），各四两，研为细末。
小儿下痢：神仙救苦散：治疗小儿赤白痢疾，日夜一百多次不止。用罂粟壳半两（醋炒为末，再用铜器炒过），槟榔半两（炒赤，研末），分别收存。每次用等量，赤痢用蜜汤送服，白痢用砂糖汤送下。忌口。（《全幼心鉴》）。
水泄不止：罂粟壳一枚（去蒂膜），乌梅肉、大枣肉各十枚，水一盏，煎至七分，温服。（《经验方》）。
久嗽不止，谷气素壮之人用即见效：粟壳去筋，蜜炙为末。每次服用五分，蜜汤送下。（危氏方）。
久咳虚嗽：贾同知百劳散：治疗咳嗽多年，自汗。用罂粟壳二两半（去蒂膜，醋炒取一两），乌梅半两，焙干研为末。每次服用二钱，睡前白开水送下。（《宣明方》）。
[Song Dynasty "Kaibao Bencao"]
[Names] Mixiangzi (Mucangzi, 米囊子) [from Kaibao Bencao], Yumi (Yumi, 御米) [same source], Xianggu.
Li Shizhen said: Its fruit resembles a small jar (yingzi), its seeds resemble millet, and its form resembles grain; furthermore, it can be offered to the emperor, hence these names.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Cangqi said: Songyangzi stated that the poppy flower has four petals, red and white in color, with light red halos on them. Its capsule is shaped like an arrowhead, containing fine seeds inside.
Su Song said: It grows everywhere, and people often cultivate it for decoration. The flowers are of two kinds, red and white, with a slight fishy odor. Its fruit is bottle-shaped, containing extremely fine grains. Gardeners fertilize the land from the previous year, sow seeds in September, and after passing through Winter Solstice into spring, seedlings begin to sprout, growing very luxuriant. If not fertilized this way, they do not grow, or if they do, they are not lush. Harvest only when the capsules turn scorched yellow.
Kou Zongshi said: Its flowers also have double-petaled varieties. One capsule contains tens of millions of seeds, as large as Thlaspi seeds but white in color.
Li Shizhen said: Poppy is sown in autumn and grows in winter; the tender shoots are excellent as vegetables. The leaves resemble lettuce. In March and April, stems shoot up forming green buds, which fall off when the flowers bloom. The flowers generally have four petals, as large as an inverted cup, with the capsule nestled among the stamens and pistils. The flowers wither after three days, while the capsule remains at the stem tip, one to two cun long, as large as Aristolochia manshuriensis, with a lid on top and a calyx at the bottom, resembling a wine jar. Inside are extremely fine white grains, which can be used to cook porridge or mix with rice. Grinding with water and filtering the pulp, then making tofu with mung bean flour is particularly good. Oil can also be extracted. Its shell is used extensively in medicine, but is not recorded in the Bencao texts, indicating ancients did not use it. People in Jiangdong call the double-petaled variety Lichun Hua. Some say it is a different species of poppy, which is likely incorrect. Its floral variations are irregular. There are white, red, purple, pink, apricot-yellow, half-red-half-white, half-red-half-purple, and half-white-half-red varieties, beautiful and lovely, hence called Lichun, Sai Mudan (Surpassing Peony), and Jinbei Hua (Brocade Quilt Flower). See You Mozhai's "Hua Pu" for details.
[Seed]
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Su Song said: Cold in nature. Excessive consumption promotes urination and defecation, and disturbs Qi in the Bladder.
[Indications] For attacks caused by Danchi (cinnabar and stone medicines), where food cannot be taken down: boil with bamboo sap (Zhuli) to make porridge; it is very delicious (Kaibao Bencao). Kou Zongshi said: Those taking stone medicines should grind this seed, boil in water, add honey, and drink as a decoction; it is very suitable. Moves Wind-Qi, expels pathogenic heat, treats regurgitation and phlegm stagnation in the chest (Su Song). Treats diarrhea and dysentery, moistens dryness (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, one new prescription.
Regurgitation and vomiting: Ying Su Zhou (Poppy Seed Porridge): Use 3 he of white poppy seeds, 3 qian of powdered Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), and 5 cun of fresh Dioscorea opposita (Sheng Shanyu) (finely sliced and pounded). Boil these three ingredients in 1 sheng 2 he of water until reduced to 6 he. Add a little ginger juice and salt crystals, mix well, and take in divided doses. Time does not matter; other decoctions or pills can be taken simultaneously. (Kaibao Bencao)
Dysentery with red and white discharge: Equal parts of Ying Su Zi (Poppy Seed, stir-fried) and Ying Su Qiao (Poppy Shell, roasted) are ground into powder, mixed with refined honey, and formed into pills the size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, washed down with rice water. Verified effective by some. (Bai Yi Xuan Fang)
[Shell]
[Processing] Li Shizhen said: When using the shell, wash and moisten with water, remove the calyx and fibrous membranes, take the outer thin skin, dry in shade, cut finely, and stir-fry with rice vinegar before use. Honey-roasted or honey-processed varieties also exist.
[Flavor and Nature] Sour, astringent, slightly cold, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Works well when combined with vinegar, Mume Fructus (Wumei), and Citrus reticulata Pericarpium (Jupi).
[Indications] Stops diarrhea and dysentery, secures prolapsed rectum, treats seminal emission and chronic cough, astringes Lung Qi and intestines, stops various pains in the heart, abdomen, bones, and sinews (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Zhang Gao said: Astringes and consolidates Qi. Enters the Kidney channel, thus especially suitable for treating bone diseases.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Nowadays, for deficiency-consumption cough, many use Poppy Shell to forcibly stop secretion; and for damp-heat diarrhea/dysentery, it is used for astringency. Although its therapeutic effect is rapid, it kills as swiftly as a sword, and one must beware deeply. He further said: Using Poppy Shell for cough is common and acceptable, but the root cause of disease must first be eliminated; this is a post-treatment astringent. The same applies to dysentery. In all cases of dysentery, pathogenic factors must first be dispersed and stagnation moved; how can one immediately administer astringents like Poppy Shell or Fossilia Ossis Mastodi (Longgu) to close the intestines and stomach? Pathogenic Qi will become more severe due to tonification/astringency, leading to complications and prolonged illness.
Li Shizhen said: Sour flavors primarily astringe, so it should not be used in early-stage diseases. After prolonged diarrhea or dysentery, Qi scatters and fails to consolidate, leading to slippery intestines and rectal prolapse. After prolonged cough and pain, Qi scatters and fails to gather, leading to severe Lung distension and pain. Therefore, such astringent, consolidating, gathering, and condensing agents are appropriate. Note: Yang Shi's "Zhi Zhi Fang" states that people look down upon using Poppy Shell for dysentery, which is true. However, in cases of prolonged dysentery without abdominal accumulation or pain, where astringency is indicated, how can one refrain from astringing? Without this formula, what would treat it? Only auxiliary herbs are needed. Wang Shuo's "Yi Jian Fang" states that Poppy Shell treats dysentery miraculously. But its nature is tight and astringent, often causing nausea and vomiting, so people fear and dare not take it. If processed with vinegar and combined with Mume Fructus (Wumei), the method is correct. Or combined with Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction), it avoids closing the stomach and hindering appetite, achieving remarkable results.
[Attached Prescriptions] Eight new prescriptions.
Hot dysentery with blood in stool: Ying Su Qiao (vinegar-roasted) 1 liang, Chen Pi (Citrus reticulata Pericarpium) 0.5 liang, ground into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, washed down with Mume Fructus (Wumei) decoction. (Pu Ji Fang)
Chronic dysentery unceasing: Ying Su Qiao (vinegar-roasted) ground into powder, honey-processed into pills the size of quail eggs. Take one pill per dose with one盏 of water, three slices of ginger, decocted to 0.8 portion, taken warm. Another method: Ying Su Qiao 10 liang (membrane removed), divided into three parts: one part vinegar-roasted, one part honey-roasted, one part raw. All ground into powder, honey-processed into pills the size of Euryale ferox seeds. Take 30 pills per dose with rice gruel. Ji Yao Bai Zhong San: Ying Su Qiao (honey-roasted) and Hou Po (ginger-processed), each 4 liang, ground into fine powder.
Pediatric dysentery: Shen Xian Jiu Ku San: Treats pediatric red and white dysentery, occurring over a hundred times day and night. Use Ying Su Qiao 0.5 liang (vinegar-roasted to powder, then stir-fried in a copper vessel), Bin Lang 0.5 liang (stir-fried until red, ground to powder), stored separately. Take equal parts per dose; red dysentery with honey water, white dysentery with sugar water. Avoid strong flavors. (Quan You Xin Jian)
Watery diarrhea unceasing: One Ying Su Qiao (remove calyx and membrane), ten pieces of Mume Fructus flesh, ten pieces of Ziziphus jujuba flesh. Decoct in one盏 of water to 0.7 portion, take warm. (Jing Yan Fang)
Chronic cough unceasing, effective immediately for those with robust constitution: Remove veins from Ying Su Qiao, honey-roast and grind to powder. Take 0.5 fen per dose with honey water. (Wei Shi Fang)
Chronic cough with deficiency: Jia Tongzhi Bai Lao San: Treats years-long cough with spontaneous sweating. Use Ying Su Qiao 2.5 liang (remove calyx and membrane, vinegar-roast to obtain 1 liang), Wumei 0.5 liang, bake and grind to powder. Take 2 qian per dose with plain warm water before sleep. (Xuan Ming Fang)
[Tender Shoots]
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Used as vegetables, clears heat and moistens dryness, opens appetite and thickens intestines (Li Shizhen).