（《本经》下品）
【释名】百足（《本经》）、百节（《衍义》）、千足（《炮炙论》）、马 （音弦）、马 （音
拳）
蛩。
弘景曰∶此虫足甚多，寸寸断之，亦便寸行。故鲁连子云∶百足之虫，死而不僵，庄子
“
【集解】《别录》曰∶马陆生玄菟川谷。
弘景曰∶李当之云∶此虫长五、六寸，状如大蛩，夏月登树鸣，冬则入蛰，今人呼为飞
虫。今有一种细黄虫，状如蜈蚣而甚长，俗名土
市人亦无取者，未详何者的是？
恭曰∶此虫大如细笔管，长三、四寸，斑色，一如蚰蜒。襄阳人名为马
亦名刀环虫，以其死侧卧，状如刀环也。有人自毒，服一枚便死也。
曰∶千足虫头上有白肉，面并嘴尖。把着，腥臭气入人顶，能致死也。
宗 曰∶百节，身如槎，节节有细蹙文起，紫黑色，光润，百足。死则侧卧如环，长二
、三寸，大者如小指。古墙壁中甚多，入药至鲜。
时珍曰∶马 处处有之。形大如蚯蚓，紫黑色，其足比比至百，而皮极硬，节节有横纹
如金线，首尾一般大。触之即侧卧局缩如环，不必死也。能毒鸡犬。陶氏所谓土虫，乃蚰蜒
也，死亦侧蜷如环，鸡喜食之。当以李当之之说为准。
【正误】
藏器曰∶按∶土虫无足，如一条衣带，长四、五寸，身扁似韭叶，背上有黄黑裥，头如
铲子
苏云马陆如蚰蜒，亦误矣。按∶蚰蜒色黄不斑，其足无数。
时珍曰∶按∶段成式《酉阳杂俎》云∶度古俗呼土蛊，身形似衣带，色类蚯蚓，长一尺
余，首如铲，背上有黄黑裥，稍触即断。常趁蚓掩之，则蚓化为水。有毒，鸡食之辄死。据
此，则陈藏器所谓土虫者，盖土蛊也。陶氏误以蚰蜒为马陆，陈氏亦误以土蛊为土虫矣。
【修治】
雷曰∶凡收得马陆，以糠头炒，至糠焦黑，取出去糠。竹刀刮去头、足，研末用。
【气味】辛，温，有毒。
【主治】腹中大坚症，破积聚息肉，恶疮白秃（《本经》）。
疗寒热痞结，胁下满（《别录》）。辟邪疟（时珍）。
【发明】
时珍曰∶马陆系神农药，雷氏备载炮炙之法，而古方鲜见用者，惟《圣惠》逐邪丸用
之。
其方∶治久疟发歇无时。用百节虫四十九枚，湿生虫四十九枚，砒霜三钱，粽子角七枚。
五月五日日未出时，于东南上寻取两般虫，至午时向南研匀，丸小豆大。每发日早，男左女
右，手把一丸，嗅之七遍，立效。修时忌孝子、妇人、师、尼、鸡、犬见之。亦合《别录》
疗寒热之
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】百足（出自《神农本草经》）、百节（出自《证类本草·衍义》）、千足（出自《雷公炮炙论》）、马弦（音同“弦”）、马拳（音同“拳”）、蛩。
陶弘景说：这种虫子脚非常多，一寸一寸地切断它，每一段仍能寸寸爬行。所以鲁连子说：“百足之虫，死而不僵”，庄子……
【集解】《名医别录》说：马陆生长在玄菟郡的山谷中。
陶弘景说：李当之说：这种虫体长五、六寸，形状像大蛩，夏天爬树鸣叫，冬天则进入冬眠，现在的人叫它飞虫。现在有一种细小的黄虫，形状像蜈蚣但更长，俗名叫土……市井之人也不采集它，不清楚哪一种才是真的？
苏恭说：这种虫大如细笔管，长三、四寸，有斑纹，完全像蚰蜒。襄阳人叫它马……也叫刀环虫，因为它死后侧卧，形状像刀环一样。有人误食有毒的马陆，吃一枚就会死亡。
陈藏器说：千足虫头上有白色的肉，面部和嘴都很尖。拿着它，腥臭的气味冲入人的头顶，能致人死亡。
寇宗奭说：百节虫，身体像木筏的横梁，一节一节都有细密的皱纹隆起，呈紫黑色，光滑润泽，有一百只脚。死后侧卧如环状，长二、三寸，大的像小手指。古墙壁中很多，入药非常少见。
李时珍说：马陆到处都有。形体大如蚯蚓，紫黑色，它的脚多到上百只，皮极硬，一节一节有横纹像金线，头尾大小一般。触碰它就会侧卧蜷缩成环状，不一定非要死了才这样。它能毒死鸡和狗。陶弘景所说的土虫，其实是蚰蜒，死后也侧身蜷曲成环状，鸡喜欢吃它。应当以李当之的说法为准。
【正误】
陈藏器说：按：土虫没有脚，像一条衣带，长四、五寸，身体扁平像韭菜叶，背上有黄黑色的褶纹，头像铲子……
苏颂说马陆像蚰蜒，也是错误的。按：蚰蜒颜色黄而无斑纹，它的脚无数。
李时珍说：按：段成式《酉阳杂俎》说：古代习俗称它为土蛊，身形像衣带，颜色类似蚯蚓，长一尺多，头像铲子，背上有黄黑色的褶纹，稍微触碰就断裂。常追逐蚯蚓并覆盖在上面，那么蚯蚓就会化为水。有毒，鸡吃了就会死。据此，那么陈藏器所说的土虫，大概是土蛊。陶弘景错误地把蚰蜒当作马陆，陈藏器也错误地把土蛊当作土虫了。
【修治】
雷斅说：凡是收得马陆，用米糠头炒，直到糠焦黑，取出去掉糠。用竹刀刮去头、脚，研成粉末使用。
【气味】辛，温，有毒。
【主治】腹中大坚症，破除积聚息肉，恶疮白秃（出自《神农本草经》）。
治疗寒热痞结，胁下胀满（出自《名医别录》）。辟除邪气疟疾（李时珍）。
【发明】
李时珍说：马陆是神农时代的药物，雷斅详细记载了炮制方法，但古方中很少见到使用的，只有《太平圣惠方》中的逐邪丸使用了它。
其方：治疗久疟发作无定时。用百节虫四十九枚，湿生虫四十九枚，砒霜三钱，粽子角七枚。五月五日太阳未出时，在东南方向寻找这两种虫，到午时向南研磨均匀，制成如小豆大小的丸药。每次发病日早晨，男子左手、女子右手，手持一丸，闻嗅七遍，立即见效。制作时忌讳孝子、妇人、老师、尼姑、鸡、狗看见。这也符合《名医别录》治疗寒热的……
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Bai Zu (Hundred Legs, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Bai Jie (Hundred Joints, from *Yanyi*), Qian Zu (Thousand Legs, from *Paozhi Lun*), Ma Xuan (Sound: "Xian"), Ma Quan (Sound: "Quan"), Qiong.
Tao Hongjing stated: This insect has many legs; if cut inch by inch, each segment can still crawl inch by inch. Therefore, Lu Lianzi said: "An insect with a hundred legs does not stiffen when dead," and Zhuangzi...
**[Collection and Description]** *Bielu* states: Malu grows in the valleys of Xuantu Commandery.
Tao Hongjing stated: Li Dangzhi said: This insect is five or six cun long, resembling a large Qiong, climbs trees to cry in summer, and enters hibernation in winter; people now call it Fei Chong (Flying Insect). There is currently a kind of small yellow insect, resembling a centipede but longer, commonly known as Tu... City dwellers do not collect it either; it is unclear which one is authentic?
Su Gong stated: This insect is as thick as a fine brush tube, three or four cun long, spotted, exactly like a house centipede (Youyan). People in Xiangyang call it Ma... It is also called Dao Huan Chong (Knife Ring Insect) because when dead, it lies on its side, shaped like a knife ring. If someone ingests this poisonous insect, consuming one piece will cause death.
Chen Cangqi stated: The thousand-legged insect has white flesh on its head, and its face and mouth are sharp. Holding it, the fishy and foul odor enters the person's head, capable of causing death.
Kou Zongsuo stated: Bai Jie, the body resembles a raft beam, with fine wrinkled textures rising at every joint, purple-black in color, glossy, with a hundred legs. When dead, it lies on its side like a ring, two or three cun long, the larger ones as thick as a little finger. They are abundant in ancient walls but rarely used in medicine.
Li Shizhen stated: Malu is found everywhere. Its shape is large like an earthworm, purple-black, with legs numbering up to a hundred. Its skin is extremely hard, with transverse lines like gold threads at every joint, and the head and tail are of equal size. Upon touch, it curls into a ring on its side, without needing to be dead. It can poison chickens and dogs. The "Tu Chong" mentioned by Tao refers to the house centipede (Youyan), which also curls into a ring when dead, and chickens like to eat it. One should take Li Dangzhi's description as the standard.
**[Correction of Errors]**
Chen Cangqi stated: According to: Tu Chong has no legs, resembling a strip of clothing belt, four or five cun long, flat body like a leek leaf, with yellow and black pleats on the back, and a head like a shovel...
Su Song claimed Malu resembles a house centipede, which is also incorrect. According to: House centipedes are yellow without spots, and their legs are countless.
Li Shizhen stated: According to: Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu* says: Ancient customs called it Tu Gu (Earth Gu), body shape like a clothing belt, color similar to an earthworm, over one chi long, head like a shovel, with yellow and black pleats on the back, breaking easily upon slight touch. It often chases earthworms and covers them, turning the earthworms into water. It is toxic; chickens die after eating it. Based on this, the "Tu Chong" mentioned by Chen Cangqi was likely Tu Gu. Tao Hongjing mistakenly identified the house centipede as Malu, and Chen Cangqi mistakenly identified Tu Gu as Tu Chong.
**[Processing]**
Lei Xiao stated: Whenever Malu is collected, stir-fry it with rice bran heads until the bran turns scorched black, then remove and discard the bran. Scrape off the head and legs with a bamboo knife, and grind into powder for use.
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Acrid, Warm, Toxic.
**[Indications]** Abdominal large firm masses, breaking up accumulations and polyps, malignant sores and white tinea capitis (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Treating cold-heat pi-jie (glomus accumulation), fullness under the hypochondrium (*Bielu*). Expelling evil qi malaria (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]**
Li Shizhen stated: Malu is a herb from the era of Shennong. Lei Xiao fully recorded the processing methods, but it is rarely seen in ancient prescriptions, except for the *Zhu Xie Wan* (Evil-Expelling Pill) in *Taiping Shenghui Fang*.
The prescription: Treats chronic malaria with irregular onset. Use 49 Bai Jie insects, 49 wet-born insects, 3 qian of Realgar (Arsenic Trioxide), and 7粽子 corners (sticky rice dumpling wrappers). On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month before sunrise, find these two kinds of insects in the southeast direction. By noon, grind them evenly facing south, and form pills the size of small beans. On the morning of each attack, males hold one pill in the left hand and females in the right hand, inhale its scent seven times, and effect will be immediate. During preparation, avoid letting filial sons, women, teachers, nuns, chickens, and dogs see it. This also aligns with *Bielu*'s treatment of cold-heat...