（《本经》下品）
【释名】乌园（《别录》），根名鸢头。
时珍曰∶并以形命名。乌园当作乌鸢。
【集解】《别录》曰∶鸢尾，生九嶷山谷。五月采。
弘景曰∶方家言是射干苗，而主疗亦异，当别是一种。方用鸢头，当是其根，疗体相似，
而本草不题。
恭曰∶此草所在有之，人家亦种。叶似射干而阔短，不抽长茎，花紫碧色。根似高良姜，
皮
保升曰∶此草叶名鸢尾，根名鸢头，亦谓之鸢根。叶似射干，布地生。黑根似高良姜而
节大，数个相连。九月、十月采根，日干。
时珍曰∶此即射干之苗，非别一种也。肥地者茎长根粗；瘠地者茎短根瘦。其花自有数
色。诸家皆是强分。陈延之《短剧方》，言东海鸢头即由跋者，亦讹也。东海
【气味】苦，平，有毒。恭曰∶有小毒。
【主治】蛊毒邪气，鬼疰诸毒，破症瘕积聚大水，下三虫（《本经》）。杀鬼魅，疗头眩
（《别录》）。
【附方】旧一，新一。
飞尸游蛊着喉中，气欲绝者∶鸢尾根削去皮，纳喉中，摩病处，令血出为佳。（陈藏器
《本草拾遗》）
鬼魅邪气∶四物鸢头散∶东海鸢头、黄牙（即金牙）、莨菪子、防葵各一分，为末。酒
服方寸
《短剧方》）
（《纲目》）
【释名】白鹤仙。
时珍曰∶并以花象命名。
【集解】时珍曰∶玉簪处处人家栽为花草。二月生苗成丛，高尺许，柔茎如白菘。其叶
大如掌，团而有尖，叶上纹如车前叶，青白色，颇娇莹。六、七月抽茎，茎上有细叶。中出
花朵十数枚，长二、三寸，本小末大。未开时，正如白玉搔头簪形，又如羊肚蘑菇之状，开
时微绽四出，中吐黄蕊，颇香，不结子。其根连生，如鬼臼、射干、生姜辈，有须毛。旧茎
死则根有一臼，新根生则旧根腐。亦有紫花者，叶微狭。皆鬼臼、射干之属。
根
【气味】甘、辛，寒，有毒。
【主治】捣汁服，解一切毒，下骨哽，涂痈肿（时珍）。
【附方】新五。
乳痈初起∶内消花（即玉簪花），取根擂酒服，以渣敷之。（《海上方》）
妇人断产∶白鹤仙根、白凤仙子各一钱半，紫葳二钱半，辰砂二钱，捣末，蜜和丸梧子
大。产内三十日，以酒半盏服之。不可着牙齿，能损牙齿也。（《摘玄方》）
解斑蝥毒∶玉簪根擂水服之，即解。（赵真人《济急方》）
下鱼骨哽∶玉簪花根、山里红果根，同捣自然汁，以竹筒灌入咽中，其骨自下。不可着
牙齿。（
刮骨取牙∶玉簪根（干者）一钱，白砒三分，白 七分，蓬砂二分，威灵仙三分，草乌
头一分半，为末。以少许点疼处，即自落也。（余居士《选奇方》）
叶
【气味】同根。
【主治】蛇虺螫伤，捣汁和酒服，以渣敷之，中心留孔泄气（时珍）。
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】乌园（出自《名医别录》），其根部称为鸢头。
李时珍说：都是根据形状来命名的。“乌园”应当写作“乌鸢”。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：鸢尾，生长在九嶷山的山谷中。五月采集。
陶弘景说：方士们说这是射干的幼苗，但主要疗效却不同，应当是另一种植物。方书中使用的鸢头，应该是它的根，治疗作用相似，但《本草经》没有记载。
苏恭说：这种草到处都有，百姓也种植。叶子像射干但更宽短，不抽出长茎，花呈紫碧色。根像高良姜一样。
郑保升说：这种草的叶名叫鸢尾，根名叫鸢头，也叫做鸢根。叶子像射干，贴地生长。黑色的根像高良姜但节较大，数个相连。九月、十月采集根部，晒干。
李时珍说：这就是射干的幼苗，并非另一种植物。在肥沃土地生长的茎长根粗；在贫瘠土地生长的茎短根瘦。它的花自然有多种颜色。各家强行区分是错误的。陈延之的《短剧方》说东海的鸢头就是由跋，这也是错误的。东海……
【气味】苦味，平性，有毒。苏恭说：有小毒。
【主治】蛊毒邪气，鬼疰等各种毒邪，破除症瘕积聚和水肿胀满，驱除三虫（出自《神农本草经》）。杀灭鬼魅，治疗头晕目眩（出自《名医别录》）。
【附方】旧方一个，新方一个。
飞尸游蛊附着在喉中，气息将绝者：将鸢尾根削去外皮，纳入喉中，按摩患处，以出血为最佳。（出自陈藏器《本草拾遗》）
鬼魅邪气：四物鸢头散：东海鸢头、黄牙（即金牙）、莨菪子、防葵各一分，研成末。用酒送服方寸匕……（出自《短剧方》）
（收录于《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：玉簪在各地人家都栽种作为花草。二月生出苗丛，高一尺左右，柔嫩的茎像白菜。叶子大如手掌，圆形而有尖头，叶上的纹路像车前草的叶子，青白色，非常娇嫩晶莹。六月、七月抽茎，茎上有细叶。中间长出十几朵花，长二、三寸，基部小末端大。未开时，正像白玉搔头簪的形状，又像羊肚蘑菇的样子，开花时微微绽开四瓣，中间吐出黄色花蕊，很香，不结种子。它的根连生，像鬼臼、射干、生姜之类，有须毛。旧茎死亡则根处有一个凹陷，新根生出则旧根腐烂。也有紫花的，叶子稍窄。都属于鬼臼、射干一类。
【气味】甘味、辛味，寒性，有毒。
【主治】捣汁服用，解除各种毒素，排出骨头卡住，涂抹痈肿（李时珍）。
【附方】新方五个。
乳痈初起：内消花（即玉簪花），取根研磨后加酒服用，并将药渣敷在上面。（出自《海上方》）
妇人断产：白鹤仙根、白凤仙子各一钱半，紫葳二钱半，辰砂二钱，研成末，蜂蜜调和制成梧桐子大小的丸药。产后三十天，用半杯酒送服。不要让药液接触牙齿，因为会损伤牙齿。（出自《摘玄方》）
解斑蝥毒：玉簪根研磨加水服用，即可解毒。（出自赵真人《济急方》）
下鱼骨哽：玉簪花根、山里红果根，一同捣碎取自然汁，用竹筒灌入咽中，骨头自然落下。不要让药液接触牙齿。（……）
刮骨取牙：玉簪根（干燥的）一钱，白砒三分，白……七分，蓬砂二分，威灵仙三分，草乌头一分半，研成末。用少许点涂疼痛处，牙齿自然脱落。（出自余居士《选奇方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Wuyuan (from *Bielu*), the root is named Yuantou.
Li Shizhen says: Both are named after their shapes. "Wuyuan" should be written as "Wuyuan" (Black Kite).
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Bielu* states: Yuwei grows in the valleys of Jiuyi Mountain. It is harvested in May.
Tao Hongjing says: Practitioners say this is the seedling of *Iris tectorum* (Shegan), but its main therapeutic effects are different; it should be a separate species. The formula uses Yuantou, which must be its root; the therapeutic properties are similar, but *Bencao Jing* does not list it.
Su Gong says: This herb is found everywhere and is also planted by households. The leaves resemble those of Shegan but are broader and shorter, without long stems. The flowers are purple-blue. The root resembles *Alpinia officinarum* (Gaoliangjiang).
Zheng Baosheng says: The leaf of this herb is named Yuwei, the root is named Yuantou, and it is also called Yuangen. The leaves resemble Shegan and grow flat on the ground. The black roots resemble Gaoliangjiang but have larger nodes, with several connected together. The roots are harvested in September and October and dried in the sun.
Li Shizhen says: This is indeed the seedling of Shegan, not a separate species. In fertile soil, the stem is long and the root thick; in barren soil, the stem is short and the root thin. Its flowers naturally come in various colors. Previous authors forced distinctions where none existed. Chen Yanzhi's *Duanju Fang* states that Donghai Yuantou is Youba, which is also an error. Donghai...
**[Flavor and Nature]** Bitter, neutral, toxic. Su Gong says: Slightly toxic.
**[Indications]** Gu poison and evil qi, Gui Zhu various toxins, breaking up masses and accumulations, reducing edema and ascites, expelling three types of parasites (*Bencao Jing*). Kills ghosts and spirits, treats dizziness (*Bielu*).
**[Attached Formulas]** One old formula, one new formula.
Feishi Yougu adhering to the throat, with breath nearly exhausted: Peel the skin off the Yuwei root, insert it into the throat, massage the affected area until blood appears, which is optimal. (Chen Cangqi, *Bencao Shiyi*)
Ghost and evil qi: Siwu Yuantou San: Donghai Yuantou, Huangya (i.e., Jinya), Langdangzi, and Fangkui, each 1 fen, powdered. Take with wine... (*Duanju Fang*)
(Recorded in *Bencao Gangmu*)
**[Names]** Baihexian.
Li Shizhen says: Named after the shape of the flower.
**[Collection and Explanation]** Li Shizhen says: Hosta plantaginea (Yuzan) is cultivated by households everywhere as ornamental plants. Seedlings emerge in clumps in February, about one chi high, with tender stems resembling Chinese cabbage. The leaves are palm-sized, round with pointed tips, veined like Plantago asiatica leaves, greenish-white, and very delicate and lustrous. Stems shoot up in June and July, bearing small leaves. Dozens of flowers emerge from the center, two to three cun long, narrow at the base and broad at the tip. Before blooming, they resemble white jade hairpins or mushroom caps; upon opening, they slightly split into four petals, revealing yellow stamens, fragrant, and do not produce seeds. The roots grow in clusters, resembling *Podophyllum emodi* (Guijiu), Iris tectorum (Shegan), and Zingiber officinale (Shengjiang), with fibrous hairs. When old stems die, the root has a hollow; when new roots grow, old roots rot. There are also varieties with purple flowers and narrower leaves. All belong to the category of Guijiu and Shegan.
**[Flavor and Nature]** Sweet, acrid, cold, toxic.
**[Indications]** Crush and take the juice orally to resolve all toxins, dislodge bone impactions, and apply topically for carbuncles and swellings (Li Shizhen).
**[Attached Formulas]** Five new formulas.
Mastitis in early stage: Neixiao Hua (i.e., Yuzan flower), take the root, grind it with wine to drink, and apply the residue externally. (*Haishang Fang*)
Contraception for women: Baihexian root, Baifengzizi, each 1.5 qian; Caesalpinia sepium (Ziwei) 2.5 qian; Cinnabar (Chensha) 2 qian. Powder them, mix with honey, and make pills the size of wutong seeds. Thirty days postpartum, take half a cup of wine to swallow. Avoid contact with teeth, as it damages them. (*Zhai Xuan Fang*)
Resolve Blister Beetle poison: Grind Yuzan root with water and ingest to detoxify. (Zhao Zhenren, *Jiji Fang*)
Dislodge fish bone impaction: Yuzan flower root and Crataegus pinnatifida (Shanlihong) root, crush together to obtain natural juice, instill into the throat using a bamboo tube; the bone will fall out naturally. Avoid contact with teeth. (...)
Extract tooth by scraping bone: Dry Yuzan root 1 qian, Realgar (Baipi) 3 fen, [missing text] 7 fen, Borax (Pengsha) 2 fen, Clematis chinensis (Weilingxian) 3 fen, Aconitum carmichaelii (Caowutou) 1.5 fen. Powder them. Apply a small amount to the painful area; the tooth will fall out spontaneously. (Yu Jushi, *Xuanqi Fang*)
**Leaf**
**[Flavor and Nature]** Same as the root.
**[Indications]** Snake and viper bites: Crush and take the juice mixed with wine, and apply the residue topically, leaving a hole in the center to vent the qi (Li Shizhen).