（音劬欲。《唐本草》）
【释名】鸲鹆（《周礼》）、 鸟（《广韵》）、八哥（俗名）、寒皋（《万毕术》）。
时珍曰∶此鸟好浴水，其睛瞿瞿然，故名。王氏《字说》以为（其行欲也），尾而足勾，
故曰鸲鹆，从勾、从欲省，亦通。 其声也。天寒欲雪，则群飞如告，故曰寒皋。皋者，
告也。
【集解】恭曰∶ 鹆，似 而有帻者是也。
藏器曰∶五月五日取雏，剪去舌端，即能效人言，又可使取火也。
时珍曰∶ 鹆巢于鹊巢、树穴，及人家屋脊中。身首俱黑，两翼下各有白点。其舌如人
舌，剪剔能作人言。嫩则口黄，老则口白。头上有帻者，亦有无帻者。《周礼》鸲鹆不逾济
，地气使然也。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。诜曰∶寒。
【主治】五痔止血。炙食，或为散饮服（《唐本》）。炙食一枚，治吃噫下气，通灵（《
日华》）。治老嗽。腊月腊日取得，五味腌炙食，或作羹食，或捣散蜜丸服之。非腊日者不
可用（孟诜）。
【附方】（原缺）
目睛
【主治】和乳汁研，滴目中，令人目明，能见霄外之物（藏器）。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】反舌、 （音辖轧）。
时珍曰∶按∶《易通》卦验云∶能反复其舌如百鸟之音，故名。 ，亦象声。今俗呼
为牛屎 哥，为其形似鸲鹆而气臭也。《梵书》名舍罗。
【集解】藏器∶肖百舌，今之莺也。
时珍曰∶百舌处处有之，居树孔、窟穴中。状如鸲鹆而小，身略长，灰黑色，微有斑点
，喙亦尖黑，行则头俯，好食蚯蚓。立春后则鸣啭不已，夏至后则无声，十月后则藏蛰。人
或畜之，冬月则死。《月令》“仲夏反舌无声”，即此。蔡邕以为蛤蟆者，非矣。陈氏谓即
莺，服虔《通俗文》以 为白 乌者，亦非矣。音虽相似，而毛色不同。
肉
【气味】缺。
【主治】炙食，治小儿久不语，及杀虫（藏器）。
窠及粪
【主治】诸虫咬，研末涂之（藏器）。
（读音同“劬欲”。出自《唐本草》）
【释名】鸲鹆（出自《周礼》）、[鸟名]（出自《广韵》）、八哥（民间俗称）、寒皋（出自《万毕术》）。
李时珍说：这种鸟喜欢洗澡，眼睛瞪得大大的，所以得名。王洙的《字说》认为“鸲”是行走的样子，“鹆”是尾巴弯曲且脚爪钩曲，所以叫鸲鹆，从“勾”字旁，从“欲”字省写，也讲得通。它的叫声像“嘎嘎”。天冷要下雪时，就成群飞翔如告知天气，所以叫寒皋。“皋”就是“告”的意思。
【集解】苏恭说：鹆，形状像乌鸦但有头巾状羽毛的是。
陈藏器说：五月五日捕捉雏鸟，剪去舌尖，就能模仿人说话，还能用来取火。
李时珍说：鹆在喜鹊巢、树洞以及人家屋脊中筑巢。身体和头部都是黑色的，两翼下方各有白点。它的舌头像人的舌头，修剪后能学人说话。嫩鸟嘴是黄色的，老鸟嘴是白色的。头上有头巾状羽毛的，也有没有的。《周礼》记载鸲鹆不越过济水，这是地气使然。
肉
【气味】甘味，平性，无毒。孟诜说：性寒。
【主治】治疗五种痔疮并止血。烤熟食用，或研成粉末用水冲服（出自《唐本草》）。烤食一只，治疗呃逆嗳气以顺气，通灵窍（出自《日华子本草》）。治疗老年咳嗽。腊月腊日捕捉取得，用五味腌渍后烤食，或煮羹食用，或捣碎制成蜜丸服用。如果不是腊日的鸟则不可用（孟诜）。
【附方】（原文缺失）
眼珠
【主治】与乳汁研磨混合，滴入眼中，使人眼目明亮，能看见高空中的物体（陈藏器）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】反舌、[鸟名]（读音同“辖轧”）。
李时珍说：按《易通卦验》记载：这种鸟能反复伸缩舌头发出像百鸟一样的声音，所以得名。[鸟名]也是模拟声音。现在民间叫它牛屎八哥，因为它的形状像鸲鹆但气味臭。《梵书》名叫舍罗。
【集解】陈藏器：形状像百舌鸟，就是现在的莺。
李时珍说：百舌鸟到处都有，居住在树孔、洞穴中。形状像鸲鹆但较小，身体略长，灰黑色，微有斑点，喙尖黑，走路时头向下俯，喜欢吃蚯蚓。立春后就不断鸣叫，夏至后就无声，十月后就冬眠隐藏。人如果饲养它，冬天就会死。《月令》记载“仲夏反舌无声”，指的就是这个。蔡邕认为是蛤蟆，是不对的。陈氏认为是莺，服虔在《通俗文》中认为它是白乌，也是不对的。虽然声音相似，但毛色不同。
肉
【气味】缺。
巢穴及粪便
(Pronounced "qu yu". From *Tang Bencao* [Compendium of Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty].)
**Names:** Quyu (from *Zhou Li* [Rites of Zhou]), [Bird Name] (from *Guang Yun* [Broad Rhymes]), Baba Ge (common name), Han Gao (from *Wan Bi Shu*).
Li Shizhen states: This bird loves bathing, and its eyes stare widely, hence the name. Wang Zhu's *Zi Shuo* [Explanation of Characters] considers "Qu" to represent walking motion, and "Yu" to depict a curved tail and hooked feet, thus named Quyu, derived from the radical "Gou" [hook] and the abbreviated form of "Yu", which is also acceptable. Its sound is like "ga ga". When it is cold and snow is imminent, they fly in flocks as if announcing the weather, hence called Han Gao. "Gao" means "announce".
**Collected Explanations:** Su Gong says: The Yu resembles a crow but has a crest-like feather arrangement on its head.
Chen Zangqi says: Capture chicks on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, cut off the tips of their tongues, and they will be able to mimic human speech and can also be trained to fetch fire.
Li Shizhen says: Yu nests in magpie nests, tree hollows, and among the roof ridges of houses. Its body and head are entirely black, with white spots under each wing. Its tongue resembles a human tongue; after trimming, it can speak human language. Young birds have yellow beaks, while old ones have white beaks. Some have crests, others do not. The *Zhou Li* records that Quyu does not cross the Ji River, which is due to local climatic conditions.
**Meat**
**Flavor and Nature:** Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Meng Xiao says: Cold in nature.
**Indications:** Treats five types of hemorrhoids and stops bleeding. Roast and eat, or grind into powder and take with water (from *Tang Bencao*). Eating one roasted specimen treats hiccups and belching to promote the downward flow of Qi and enhance spiritual clarity (from *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*). Treats chronic cough in the elderly. Catch during the twelfth lunar month on the La Festival day, pickle with five flavors, roast and eat, make into soup, or grind into powder and form into honey pills for consumption. Birds caught on days other than the La Festival are unusable (Meng Xiao).
**Attached Prescriptions:** (Missing in original text)
**Eyeballs**
**Indications:** Grind together with milk and apply drops into the eyes to brighten vision and enable seeing objects in the high sky (Chen Zangqi).
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
**Names:** Fanshe [Reverse Tongue], [Bird Name] (pronounced "xia ya").
Li Shizhen says: According to *YiTong Guayan* [Divination Verification of the I Ching]: This bird can repeatedly extend and retract its tongue to produce sounds resembling those of a hundred birds, hence the name. [Bird Name] also imitates sounds. Currently, it is commonly called "Cow Dung Baba Ge" because its shape resembles Quyu but it has an odor. The Sanskrit texts call it "She Luo".
**Collected Explanations:** Chen Zangqi: Resembles the Fanshe bird, which is the current Ying [Oriole/Thrush].
Li Shizhen says: Fanshe birds are found everywhere, dwelling in tree holes and caves. They resemble Quyu but are smaller, slightly elongated, grayish-black with faint spots, have pointed black beaks, bow their heads when walking, and love eating earthworms. After the Start of Spring, they sing continuously; after the Summer Solstice, they become silent; after October, they hibernate and hide. If kept by humans, they die in winter. The *Yueling* [Monthly Ordinances] states "In mid-summer, Fanshe becomes silent," referring to this. Cai Yong's belief that it refers to frogs is incorrect. Chen's identification as Ying is correct, but Fu Qian's assertion in *Tongsu Wen* [Popular Texts] that it is a White Crow is incorrect. Although the sounds are similar, the plumage colors differ.
**Meat**
**Flavor and Nature:** Missing.
**Indications:** Roast and eat to treat prolonged muteness in children and to kill parasites (Chen Zangqi).
**Nest and Feces**
**Indications:** For various insect bites, grind into powder and apply topically (Chen Zangqi).