（《别录》下品）
【释名】飞驳乌（陶弘景）、喜鹊（《禽经》）、干鹊（《新语》）。
时珍曰∶鹊古文作舄，象形。鹊鸣 ，故谓之鹊。鹊色驳杂，故谓之驳。灵能报喜，
故谓之喜。性最恶湿，故谓之干。《佛经》谓之刍尼，《小说》谓之神女。
【集解】时珍曰∶鹊，乌属也。大如鸦而长尾，尖嘴黑爪，绿背白腹，尾翮黑白驳杂。
上下飞鸣，以音感而孕，以视而抱。季冬始巢，开户背太岁向太乙。知来岁风多，巢必卑下
。故曰干鹊知来，猩猩知往。段成式云∶鹊有隐巢木如梁，令鸷鸟不见。人若见之，主富贵
也。鹊至秋则毛 头秃。《淮南子》云∶鹊矢中 ， 即反而受啄，火胜金也。
雄鹊肉
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。《日华》曰∶凉。
【主治】石淋，消结热。可烧作灰，以石投中解散者，是雄也（《别录》。藏器曰∶烧
灰淋汁饮之，令淋石自下）。
治消渴疾、去风及大小肠涩，并四肢烦热，胸膈痰结。妇人不可食（苏颂）。冬至埋鹊
于圊前，辟时疾温气（时珍。出《肘后》）。
【发明】弘景曰∶凡鸟之雌雄难别者，其翼左覆右者是雄，右覆左者是雌。又烧毛作屑
纳水中，沉者是雌，浮者是雄。今云投石，恐只是鹊，余鸟未必尔。
脑
【主治】弘景曰∶五月五日取鹊脑，入术家用。
时珍曰∶按淮南《万毕术》云∶丙寅鹊脑令人相思。高诱注云∶取鹊脑雌雄各一，道
中烧之，丙寅日入酒中饮，令人相思。又媚药方中亦有用之者。则陶氏所谓术家者，亦此类
耳。
巢
【主治】多年者，烧之水服，疗颠狂鬼魅及蛊毒，仍呼祟物名号。亦敷 疮，良（
《日华》）。正旦烧灰撒门内，辟盗。其重巢柴烧研，饮服方寸匕，一日三服，治积年漏下
不断困笃者，一月取效（时珍。出《洞天录》及《千金方》。重巢者，连年重产之巢也）。
【附方】新一。
小便不禁∶重鹊巢中草一个，烧灰。每服二钱匕，以蔷薇根皮二钱，煎汤服之，日二。
（
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】飞驳乌（陶弘景）、喜鹊（《禽经》）、干鹊（《新语》）。
李时珍说：鹊的古字写作“舄”，是象形字。因为鹊鸣叫声像“却、却”，所以称为鹊。鹊的羽毛颜色驳杂，所以称为驳。它能灵验地预报喜事，所以称为喜。它的性质最厌恶潮湿，所以称为干。《佛经》中称它为刍尼，《小说》中称它为神女。
【集解】李时珍说：鹊属于乌鸦一类。体型像乌鸦但尾巴更长，嘴尖爪黑，背部绿色腹部白色，尾羽黑白相间。它们上下飞翔鸣叫，通过声音感应而受孕，通过视觉观察而抱窝。季冬时节开始筑巢，巢口背对太岁方位朝向太乙方位。如果知道来年风多，巢穴一定筑得低矮。所以说“干鹊知来，猩猩知往”。段成式说：鹊有隐蔽的巢，树木像房梁一样，让猛禽看不见。人如果看到这种巢，预示着富贵。鹊到了秋天羽毛就会脱落，头部秃了。《淮南子》说：鹊屎射入眼中，眼睛就会反而受到啄伤，这是因为火克金（五行相克原理）。雄鹊的肉……
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。《日华子本草》说：性凉。
【主治】石淋（泌尿系结石），消除结聚之热。可以烧成灰，用石头投入其中能解散的，是雄鹊（《名医别录》。陈藏器说：烧灰淋汁饮用，能使淋石自行排出）。
治疗消渴病（糖尿病类症状），祛风以及大小肠涩滞，并四肢烦热，胸膈痰结。妇女不可食用（苏颂）。冬至日将鹊埋在厕所前，可辟除时行温病之气（李时珍。出自《肘后备急方》）。
【发明】陶弘景说：凡是难以辨别雌雄的鸟类，翅膀左边覆盖右边的是雄性，右边覆盖左边的是雌性。又将羽毛烧成屑放入水中，下沉的是雌性，上浮的是雄性。现在说投石测试，恐怕只是针对鹊而言，其他鸟类未必如此。
【主治】陶弘景说：五月五日取鹊脑，入道家术数家使用。
李时珍说：按《淮南万毕术》记载：丙寅日取鹊脑令人相思。高诱注释说：取雄鹊和雌鹊的脑各一个，在路上烧熟，在丙寅日放入酒中饮用，令人产生相思之情。又在媚药方剂中也有使用的。那么陶氏所说的术家，也是这一类用法罢了。
巢
【主治】多年的鹊巢，烧后用水送服，治疗癫狂、鬼魅及蛊毒，同时呼唤祟物的名字。也可以外敷疮疡，效果很好（《日华子本草》）。正月初一烧灰撒在门内，可辟盗。其重巢（多年重叠筑成的巢）柴烧研末，每次服用一方寸匕，一日三次，治疗长年漏下不止、身体困顿虚弱者，一个月见效（李时珍。出自《洞天录》及《千金方》。重巢，指连年重复产卵筑成的巢）。
(Recorded in the Lower Category of *Bie Lu*)
[Names] Feibo Wu (Tao Hongjing), Xi Que (Que Jing / Classic of Birds), Gan Que (Xin Yu).
Li Shizhen states: The ancient character for "que" is written as "xi," which is an ideogram. Because its cry sounds like "que, que," it is called "que." Its feathers are multicolored and mottled, hence called "bo." It is spiritually capable of reporting joyous news, hence called "xi." Its nature most dislikes dampness, hence called "gan." In Buddhist scriptures, it is called "Chuni"; in novels, it is referred to as the Divine Maiden.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen states: The magpie belongs to the crow family. It is as large as a crow but with a longer tail, a pointed beak, black claws, a green back, and a white belly; its tail feathers are mottled black and white. They fly up and down crying, conceiving through auditory stimulation, and incubating eggs through visual observation. In the late winter season, they begin to build nests. The nest entrance faces away from the Tai Sui direction towards the Tai Yi direction. If they foresee many winds in the coming year, the nest will be built low. Thus it is said, "The dry magpie knows the future, the orangutan knows the past." Duan Chengshi says: Magpies have hidden nests in trees resembling beams, making them invisible to raptors. If a person sees such a nest, it presages wealth and honor. In autumn, magpies lose their feathers and become bald-headed. *Huainanzi* states: If magpie droppings enter the eye, the eye suffers a pecking sensation, due to Fire overcoming Metal (according to Five Elements theory). The meat of the male magpie...
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, cold, non-toxic. *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao* states: Cool.
[Indications] Treats shi lin (lithuria/urinary calculi), resolves accumulated heat. It can be calcined into ash; if a stone thrown into the ash dissolves, it indicates a male magpie (*Bie Lu*. Chen Zangqi states: Calcine into ash, leach with water, and drink the juice to facilitate the expulsion of urinary stones).
Treats xiao ke disease (wasting-thirst syndrome), expels wind, and relieves stagnation in the large and small intestines, as well as vexing heat in the four limbs and phlegm accumulation in the chest and diaphragm. Women should not consume it (Su Song). On the Winter Solstice, burying a magpie in front of a latrine can ward off epidemic warm pathogens (Li Shizhen. From *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
[Elucidation] Tao Hongjing states: For birds where sex is difficult to distinguish, those with the left wing covering the right are male, and those with the right wing covering the left are female. Burning the feathers into powder and placing them in water causes the female's powder to sink and the male's to float. The current method of testing by throwing a stone likely applies only to magpies, and may not apply to other birds.
Brain
[Indications] Tao Hongjing states: Collect magpie brain on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month for use by Daoist practitioners.
Li Shizhen states: According to *Huainan Wanbi Shu*: Taking magpie brain on a Bing-Yin day induces lovesickness. Gao You's commentary notes: Take the brains of one male and one female magpie, roast them on the road, and on a Bing-Yin day, mix them into wine and drink to induce lovesickness. It is also used in aphrodisiac formulas. Thus, the "practitioners" mentioned by Tao refer to this category of usage.
Nest
[Indications] Nests that have been there for many years, when calcined and taken with water, treat mania, delirium, demonic possession, and gu poison, while calling out the names of the offending spirits. It can also be applied externally to sores with good effect (*Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*). On the first day of the New Year, burning the nest into ash and scattering it inside the door wards off thieves. The wood from a heavy nest (a nest rebuilt over consecutive years), when calcined and powdered, taken orally at a dose of one cun fang bi three times a day, treats chronic leukorrhea or uterine bleeding that does not stop, accompanied by severe debility, with effects seen within one month (Li Shizhen. From *Dong Tian Lu* and *Qian Jin Fang*. A "heavy nest" refers to a nest constructed repeatedly over years).
[Attached Formulas] One new formula.
Incontinence of urine: Take one piece of grass from a heavy magpie nest, calcine into ash. Take two qian bi per dose, decoct two qian of rose root bark in water, and take the decoction with the ash, twice daily. (