（《本经》下品）
【释名】时珍曰∶陆佃云∶麋喜音声。班固云∶麋性淫迷。则麋之名义取乎此。《尔雅》
云∶牡曰 （音咎），牝曰 （音辰），其子曰 （音夭）。
【集解】《别录》曰∶麋生南山山谷及淮海边。十月取之。
弘景曰∶今海陵间最多。千百为群，多牝少牡。
时珍曰∶麋，鹿属也。牡者有角。鹿喜山而属阳，故夏至解角；麋喜泽而属阴，故冬至
解角。麋似鹿而色青黑，大如小牛，肉蹄，目下有二窍为夜目。故《淮南子》云∶孕女见麋
而子
其鹿所息处，谓之鹿场也。今猎人多不分别，往往以麋为鹿，牡者犹可以角退为辨，牝者通
目为 鹿矣。
麋脂 一名宫脂（《本经》） 时珍曰∶《别录》言十月取脂，炼过收用；而《周礼》冬
献野狼，夏献麋。注云∶野狼膏聚，麋膏散。聚则温，散则凉，以顺时也。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。忌桃李，畏大黄。
【主治】痈肿，恶疮，死肌，寒风湿痹，四肢拘挛不收，风头肿气，通腠理（《本经》）。
柔皮肤。不可近阴，令痿（《别录》）。治少年气盛，面生疮 ，化脂涂之（时珍）。
【正误】弘景曰∶人言麋一牡辄交十余牝，交毕即死。其脂堕地，经年，人得之名曰遁
脂，酒服至良。夫麋性乃尔淫快，不应痿人阴。一方言不可近阴，令阴不痿，此乃有理。
恭曰∶游牝毕即死者，虚传也。遍问山泽人，无此说。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
诜曰∶多食令人弱房，发香港脚。妊妇食之，令子目病。
弘景曰∶不可合猪肉，雉肉食，发痼疾。合虾及生菜、梅、李食，损男子精气。
【主治】益气补中，治腰脚（孟诜）。补五脏不足气（禹锡）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按陆农师云∶鹿以阳为体，其肉食之燠；麋以阴为体，其肉食之寒。
观此，则《别录》麋脂令人阴痿，孟诜言多食肉令人弱房，及角、肉不同功之说，亦此意也。
茸
【修治】与鹿茸同。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】阴虚劳损，一切血病，筋骨腰膝酸痛，滋阴益肾（时珍）。
麋角
【修治】 曰∶麋角，顶根上有黄毛若金线，兼旁生小尖也、色苍白者为上。
诜曰∶凡用麋角，可五寸截之，中破，炙黄为末，入药。
时珍曰∶麋鹿茸角，今人罕能分别。陈自明以小者为鹿茸，大者为麋茸，亦臆见也。不
若亲视其采取时为有准也。造麋角胶、麋角霜，并与鹿角胶、鹿角霜同法。又《集灵方》云∶
用麋角一双，水浸七日，刮去皮，锉屑。以银瓶盛牛乳浸一日，乳耗再加，至不耗乃止。用
油纸密封瓶口。别用大麦铺锅中三寸，上安瓶，再以麦四周填满。入水浸一伏时，水耗旋加，
待屑软如面取出，焙研成霜用。
【气味】甘，热，无毒。
【主治】风痹，止血，益气力（《别录》）。刮屑熬香，酒服，大益人（弘景。出《彭祖
传》中）。酒服，补虚劳，添精益髓，益血脉，暖腰
华》）。作粉常服，治丈夫冷气及风，筋骨疼痛。若猝心痛，一服立瘥。浆水磨泥涂面，令
人光华，赤白如玉可爱（孟诜）。滋阴养血，功与茸同
【发明】诜曰∶麋角常服，大益阳道，不知何因与肉功不同也。煎胶与鹿角胶同功，茸
亦胜鹿茸，仙方甚重之。
恭曰∶麋茸功力胜鹿茸，角煮胶亦胜白胶。详见鹿茸、鹿角下。
《日华》曰∶麋角属阴，故治腰膝不仁，补一切血病也。
时珍曰∶鹿之茸角补阳，右肾精气不足者宜之；麋之茸角补阴，左肾血液不足者宜之。
此乃千古之微秘，前人方法虽具，而理未发出，故论者纷纭。又《杨氏家藏方》，治虚损有
二至丸，两角并用。但其药性过温，止宜于阳虚寒湿血痹者耳，于左肾无与焉。孙思邈《千
金方》言∶麋角丸凡一百一十方，惟容成子羔所服者，特出众方之外，子羔服之羽化。今观
其方，比二至丸似可常服，并集于下。
【附方】新五。
麋角丸∶补心神，安脏腑，填骨髓，理腰脚，能久立，聪耳明目，发白更黑，貌老还少。
凡麋角，取当年新角连脑顶者为上，看角根有斫痕处，亦堪用。蜕角根下平者，不堪。取角
五具，或四具、三具、二具、一具为一剂。去尖一大寸，即角长七八寸，取势截断，量把镑
得。即于长流水
软即将出，削去皱皮，以利镑镑取白处，至心即止。以清粟米泔浸两宿，初经一宿即干，握
沥去旧水，置新绢上曝干，择去恶物粗骨皮及镑不匀者。以无灰美酒于大瓷器中浸，经两宿，
其药及酒俱入净釜中。初用武火煮一食久，后以文火微煎，如蟹目沸。以柳木篦徐徐搅，不
得住手，时时添酒，以成煎为度。煎时皆须平旦下手，不得经宿。仍看屑消如稀胶，即以牛
乳五升，酥一斤，以次渐下后项药。仍以麋角一条，炙令黄为末，与诸药同制之。槟榔、通
草、秦艽、肉苁蓉、人参、菟丝子（酒浸两宿，晒干别捣）、甘草各一两，上捣为末。将胶
再
煎一食顷，似稀稠粥即止火。少时投诸药末相和，稠粘堪作丸，即以新器盛贮，以众手一时
丸如梧桐子大。如粘手，着少酥涂手。其服饵之法∶空腹以酒下之，初服三十丸，日加一丸，
加至五十丸为度，日二服。初服一百日内，忌房室。服经一月，腹内诸疾自相驱逐，有微利
勿怪。渐后多泄气能食。患气者，加枳实、青木香各一两。服至二百日，面皱光泽。一年，
齿落更生，强记，身轻若风，日行数百里。二年，令人肥饱少食；七十以上服之，却成后生。
三年，肠作筋髓，预见未明。四年，常饱不食，自见仙人。三十下服之不辍，颜一定而不变。
修合时须在净室中，勿令阴人、鸡、犬、孝子等见。妇人服之尤佳。如饮酒食面，口干眼涩
内热者，即服三黄丸微利之。如此一度发动以后，方始调畅也。（《千金》）
二至丸∶补虚损，生精血，去风湿，壮筋骨。用鹿角（镑细，以真酥一两，无灰酒一升，
慢火炒干，取）四两，麋角（镑细，以真酥二两，米醋一升煮干，慢火炒干，取）半两，苍
耳子（酒浸一宿，焙）半斤，山药、白茯苓、黄 （蜜炙）各四两，当归（酒浸，焙）五两，
肉苁蓉
（酒浸，焙）、远志（去心）、人参、沉香各二两，熟附子一两，通为末，酒煮糯米糊丸梧桐
子大。每服五十丸，温酒、
麋角丸∶《三因方》∶治五痿，皮缓毛瘁，血脉枯槁，肌肤薄着，筋骨羸弱，饮食不美，
四肢无力，爪枯发落，眼昏唇燥。用麋角屑一斤（酒浸一宿），大附子（生，去皮脐）一两
半，
熟地黄四两，用大麦米二升，以一半藉底，以一半在上，以二布巾隔覆，炊一日，取出药、
麦，各焙为末。以浸药酒，添清酒煮麦粉为糊和，杵三千下，丸如梧桐子大。每服五十丸，
食前用温酒或米汤送下，日三服。一方只用麋角（镑屑，酥炒黄色）五两，熟附子（末）半
两，酒糊丸服。
麋角霜丸∶补元脏，驻颜色。用麋角一副（水浸七日，刮去皱皮，镑为屑，盛在一银瓶
内，以牛乳汁浸一日，常令乳高二寸，如乳耗更添，直候不耗，用油单数重密封瓶口，别用
大麦一斗，安在甑内，约浓三寸，上安麋角瓶，更用大麦周遭填实，露瓶口，不住火蒸一复
时，如锅内水耗，即旋添热汤，须频看角屑粉烂如面，即住火取出，用细筛子漉去乳，焙干，
每料八两），附子（炮裂去皮）、干山药各三两，上为末，蒸枣肉和，丸如梧桐子大。每服十
五丸至二十丸，空心用温盐酒送下。炼蜜丸亦可。（《总录》）
麋角丸∶彭祖云∶使人丁壮不老，房室不劳损，气力颜色不衰者，莫过麋角。其法∶刮
为末十两，用生附子一枚合之，雀卵和丸，日服二十丸，温酒下，二十日大效。亦可单熬为
末酒服，亦令人不老，但性缓不及附子者。（《彭祖服食经》）
骨
【主治】虚劳，至良。煮汁酿酒饮，令人肥白，美颜色（禹锡）。
皮
【主治】作靴、袜，除香港脚（孟诜）。
【背景信息】
书名：本草纲目 作者：李时珍 朝代：明·万历六年 章节：麋 类别：本草
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】李时珍说：陆佃称：“麋喜欢声音。”班固称：“麋性情淫乱迷惑。”因此麋的名称来源于此。《尔雅》说：雄性叫“麀”（音jiù），雌性叫“麂”（音chén），幼崽叫“麑”（音yāo）。
【集解】《名医别录》说：麋生长在南山山谷及淮河边。十月捕捉。
陶弘景说：现在海陵地区最多。成百上千成群，多为雌性少雄性。
李时珍说：麋属于鹿科。雄性有角。鹿喜欢山而属阳，所以夏至日脱角；麋喜欢沼泽而属阴，所以冬至日脱角。麋像鹿但颜色青黑，体型如小牛，蹄子呈肉垫状，眼下有两个孔穴作为夜视眼。所以《淮南子》说：孕妇见到麋，孩子就会变成鹿。麋休息的地方，称为鹿场。现在的猎人大多不加以区分，往往把麋当作鹿，雄性的还可以根据脱角来辨别，雌性的通称为鹿了。
麋脂 又名宫脂（出自《神农本草经》） 李时珍说：《名医别录》说十月取脂，炼制后收藏使用；而《周礼》记载冬天献野狼膏，夏天献麋膏。注解说：野狼膏聚集，麋膏分散。聚集则温热，分散则清凉，这是顺应时节。
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。忌食桃李，畏惧大黄。
【主治】痈肿，恶疮，死肌，寒风湿痹，四肢拘挛不能伸展，风头肿气，疏通腠理（出自《神农本草经》）。
柔润皮肤。不可靠近阴部，会导致阳痿（出自《名医别录》）。治疗年轻人气盛，面部生疮，用脂涂抹（李时珍）。
【正误】陶弘景说：人们说一只公麋交配十余只母麋，交配完毕后即死亡。其脂肪堕地，经过一年，人们得到它命名为遁脂，酒服效果极佳。麋的性情如此淫乐，不应导致人阴痿。一方说不可靠近阴部，使阴不痿，这才有道理。
苏恭说：游牝完毕后死亡的，是虚假传闻。遍问山水之人，没有这种说法。
肉
【气味】甘味，温性，无毒。
孟诜说：多食使人房事衰弱，引发脚气病。孕妇食用，会使孩子眼睛生病。
陶弘景说：不可与猪肉、雉肉食同食，会引发顽固疾病。与虾及生菜、梅、李同食，损伤男子精气。
【主治】益气补中，治疗腰脚无力（孟诜）。补五脏不足之气（禹锡）。
【发明】李时珍说：据陆农师说：鹿以阳为体，其肉食用后温暖；麋以阴为体，其肉食用后寒凉。看这一点，那么《名医别录》说麋脂令人阴痿，孟诜说多吃肉使人房事衰弱，以及角、肉功效不同的说法，也是这个意思。
茸
【修治】与鹿茸相同。
【气味】甘味，温性，无毒。
【主治】阴虚劳损，一切血病，筋骨腰膝酸痛，滋阴益肾（李时珍）。
麋角
【修治】 陈藏器说：麋角，头顶根部有黄毛若金线，旁边还有小尖刺，颜色苍白者为上品。
孟诜说：凡是用麋角，可截取五寸长，中间剖开，炙烤至黄色研末，入药。
李时珍说：麋鹿茸角，现在的人很少能分别。陈自明认为小的为鹿茸，大的为麋茸，这也是主观臆断。不如亲自观察其采集时为准确。制作麋角胶、麋角霜，方法与鹿角胶、鹿角霜相同。又《集灵方》说：用麋角一双，水浸七天，刮去外皮，锉成屑。用银瓶盛牛乳浸泡一天，乳液减少再加，直到不再减少为止。用油纸密封瓶口。另用大麦铺在锅中三寸厚，上面安放瓶子，再用大麦四周填满。放入水中浸泡一个时辰（两小时），水减少随时添加，待屑软如面粉取出，焙干研成霜使用。
【气味】甘味，热性，无毒。
【主治】风痹，止血，益气力（《名医别录》）。刮屑熬香，酒服，大补于人（陶弘景。出自《彭祖传》中）。酒服，补虚劳，添精益髓，益血脉，暖腰膝（孟诜）。作粉常服，治疗男子冷气及风邪，筋骨疼痛。如果突然心痛，一服立愈。浆水磨泥涂面，使人光华，红润如玉可爱（孟诜）。滋阴养血，功效与茸相同（《日华子本草》）。
【发明】孟诜说：麋角常服，大补阳道，不知为何与肉功效不同。煎胶与鹿角胶功效相同，茸也胜过鹿茸，仙方非常重视它。
苏恭说：麋茸功力胜过鹿茸，角煮胶也胜过白胶。详见鹿茸、鹿角下。
《日华子本草》说：麋角属阴，所以治疗腰膝麻木不仁，补一切血病。
李时珍说：鹿的茸角补阳，右肾精气不足者适宜；麋的茸角补阴，左肾血液不足者适宜。这是千古的秘密，前人方法虽具备，但原理未阐明，所以论者纷纭。又《杨氏家藏方》，治疗虚损有二至丸，两角并用。但其药性过温，只适宜于阳虚寒湿血痹者，对左肾无益。孙思邈《千金方》说：麋角丸有一百一十方，只有容成子羔所服的，特别出众方之外，子羔服用后羽化登仙。现在看他的方子，比二至丸似乎可以常服，并收集在下面。
【附方】新方五种。
麋角丸：补心神，安脏腑，填骨髓，理腰脚，能久立，聪耳明目，白发变黑，容貌老还少。凡是麋角，取当年新角连脑顶的为上品，看角根有砍痕处，也可用。蜕角根下平的，不堪用。取角五具，或四具、三具、二具、一具为一剂。去掉尖端一大寸，即角长七八寸，顺势截断，量着把握镑得。就在长流水中软化即将取出，削去皱皮，以利镑镑取白色部分，到心即止。用清粟米泔水浸泡两个晚上，初经一个晚上即干，握住沥去旧水，放在新绢上晒干，择去恶物粗骨皮及镑不匀者。用无灰美酒在大瓷器中浸泡，经过两个晚上，将药及酒都放入净釜中。初用武火煮一顿饭的时间，后用文火微煎，如蟹目沸。用柳木篦慢慢搅，不得停手，时时添酒，以成煎为度。煎时都必须平旦下手，不得过夜。仍看屑消如稀胶，就用牛乳五升，酥一斤，依次渐下后面所列药物。仍以麋角一条，炙令黄为末，与诸药同制之。槟榔、通草、秦艽、肉苁蓉、人参、菟丝子（酒浸两宿，晒干别捣）、甘草各一两，上捣为末。将胶再煎一顿饭顷，似稀稠粥即止火。稍时投诸药末相和，稠粘堪作丸，即以新器盛贮，以众手一时丸如梧桐子大。如粘手，着少酥涂手。其服饵之法：空腹以酒下之，初服三十丸，日加一丸，加至五十丸为度，日二服。初服一百日内，忌房室。服经一月，腹内诸疾自相驱逐，有微利勿怪。渐后多泄气能食。患气者，加枳实、青木香各一两。服至二百日，面皱光泽。一年，齿落更生，强记，身轻若风，日行数百里。二年，令人肥饱少食；七十以上服之，却成后生。三年，肠作筋髓，预见未明。四年，常饱不食，自见仙人。三十下服之不辍，颜一定而不变。修合时须在净室中，勿令阴人、鸡、犬、孝子等见。妇人服之尤佳。如饮酒食面，口干眼涩内热者，即服三黄丸微利之。如此一度发动以后，方始调畅也。（《千金方》）
二至丸：补虚损，生精血，去风湿，壮筋骨。用鹿角（镑细，以真酥一两，无灰酒一升，慢火炒干，取）四两，麋角（镑细，以真酥二两，米醋一升煮干，慢火炒干，取）半两，苍耳子（酒浸一宿，焙）半斤，山药、白茯苓、黄芪（蜜炙）各四两，当归（酒浸，焙）五两，肉苁蓉（酒浸，焙）、远志（去心）、人参、沉香各二两，熟附子一两，通为末，酒煮糯米糊丸梧桐子大。每服五十丸，温酒送下。
麋角丸：《三因方》：治疗五痿，皮缓毛瘁，血脉枯槁，肌肤薄着，筋骨羸弱，饮食不美，四肢无力，爪枯发落，眼昏唇燥。用麋角屑一斤（酒浸一宿），大附子（生，去皮脐）一两半，熟地黄四两，用大麦米二升，以一半藉底，以一半在上，以二布巾隔覆，炊一日，取出药、麦，各焙为末。以浸药酒，添清酒煮麦粉为糊和，杵三千下，丸如梧桐子大。每服五十丸，食前用温酒或米汤送下，日三服。一方只用麋角（镑屑，酥炒黄色）五两，熟附子（末）半两，酒糊丸服。
麋角霜丸：补元脏，驻颜色。用麋角一副（水浸七日，刮去皱皮，镑为屑，盛在一银瓶内，以牛乳汁浸一日，常令乳高二寸，如乳耗更添，直候不耗，用油单数重密封瓶口，别用大麦一斗，安在甑内，约浓三寸，上安麋角瓶，更用大麦周遭填实，露瓶口，不住火蒸一复时，如锅内水耗，即旋添热汤，须频看角屑粉烂如面，即住火取出，用细筛子漉去乳，焙干，每料八两），附子（炮裂去皮）、干山药各三两，上为末，蒸枣肉和，丸如梧桐子大。每服十五丸至二十丸，空心用温盐酒送下。炼蜜丸亦可。（《太平惠民和剂局方》）
麋角丸：彭祖说：使人丁壮不老，房室不劳损，气力颜色不衰者，莫过麋角。其法：刮为末十两，用生附子一枚合之，雀卵和丸，日服二十丸，温酒下，二十日大效。亦可单熬为末酒服，亦令人不老，但性缓不及附子者。（《彭祖服食经》）
骨
【主治】虚劳，极好。煮汁酿酒饮，令人肥白，美颜色（禹锡）。
皮
【主治】作靴、袜，除脚气病（孟诜）。
[Background Information]
Book: Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu)
Author: Li Shizhen
Dynasty: Ming Dynasty, Wanli 6th Year
Chapter: Elaphurus (Musk Deer)
Category: Materia Medica
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Etymology]**
Li Shizhen states: Lu Dian said, "The Musk deer likes sounds." Ban Gu said, "The Musk deer has a lustful and confusing nature." Thus, the name 'Mi' is derived from this. *Erya* states: The male is called "Jiu" (pronounced jiù), the female is called "Chen" (pronounced chén), and the young one is called "Yao" (pronounced yāo).
**[Collection and Explanation]**
*Youming Bie Lu* states: The Musk deer inhabits the valleys of Mount Nan and the banks of the Huai River. It is captured in the tenth month.
Tao Hongjing states: Currently, it is most abundant in Hailing. They gather in herds of hundreds or thousands, with more females than males.
Li Shizhen states: The Musk deer belongs to the Cervidae family. Males have antlers. Deer prefer mountains and belong to Yang; therefore, they shed their antlers at the Summer Solstice. Musk deer prefer marshes and belong to Yin; therefore, they shed their antlers at the Winter Solstice. The Musk deer resembles a deer but has a bluish-black color, is as large as a calf, has cloven hooves, and has two openings under the eyes for night vision. Thus, *Huainanzi* states: If a pregnant woman sees a Musk deer, her child will be born like a deer. The place where the Musk deer rests is called a "Deer Field." Modern hunters often fail to distinguish them, frequently mistaking Musk deer for deer. Males can still be distinguished by shedding antlers, while females are generally referred to as does.
**Elaphurus Fat (Gong Zhi)**
Also known as Gong Zhi (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Li Shizhen states: *Youming Bie Lu* mentions taking the fat in the tenth month, refining it, and storing it for use. However, *Rites of Zhou* records offering wild wolf fat in winter and Musk deer fat in summer. The commentary notes: Wild wolf fat is concentrated, while Musk deer fat is dispersed. Concentrated fat is warm, and dispersed fat is cool, which aligns with the seasons.
**[Properties and Flavor]**
Acrid, Warm, Non-toxic. Avoid peaches and plums; wary of Rhubarb (*Da Huang*).
**[Indications]**
Abscesses and swellings, malignant sores, necrotic tissue, cold-damp bi-syndrome, limb spasms and inability to extend, swelling and qi stagnation in the head, unblocking the interstices (*Cou Li*) (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Softens the skin. Should not be applied near the genitals, as it may cause impotence (*Youming Bie Lu*). Treats excessive Qi in youth causing facial acne; apply fat topically (Li Shizhen).
**[Correction of Errors]**
Tao Hongjing states: People say that one male copulates with over ten females and dies immediately after mating. Its fat falls to the ground and, after a year, people obtain it and call it "Dun Zhi," taking it with wine yields excellent results. Given the Musk deer's lustful nature, it should not cause human impotence. One theory says avoiding application near the genitals prevents impotence, which makes sense.
Su Gong states: The claim that they die after mating is a false rumor. I asked people in the mountains and marshes, and no one confirmed this.
**Meat**
**[Properties and Flavor]**
Sweet, Warm, Non-toxic.
Meng Shen states: Excessive consumption weakens sexual function and triggers gout/jiaojixing (foot disease). Pregnant women consuming it may cause eye diseases in the child.
Tao Hongjing states: Do not consume with pork or pheasant meat, as it may induce chronic diseases. Consuming with shrimp, raw vegetables, plums, or peaches damages men's essence and Qi.
**[Indications]**
Tonifies Qi and supplements the Middle Jiao; treats lower back and leg weakness (Meng Shen). Supplements insufficient Qi in the Five Viscera (Yu Xi).
**[Innovation/Explanation]**
Li Shizhen states: According to Lu Nongshi: Deer have a Yang constitution, and their meat is warming; Musk deer have a Yin constitution, and their meat is cooling. Observing this, the statement in *Youming Bie Lu* that Musk deer fat causes impotence, Meng Shen's statement that eating too much meat weakens sexual function, and the differing effects of antlers versus meat all stem from this principle.
**Antler Velvet (Rong)**
**[Preparation]**
Same as Deer Antler Velvet (*Lurong*).
**[Properties and Flavor]**
Sweet, Warm, Non-toxic.
**[Indications]**
Yin deficiency with consumptive disease, all blood disorders, soreness and pain in bones, tendons, lower back, and knees; nourishes Yin and benefits the Kidney (Li Shizhen).
**Elaphurus Antler (Mijiao)**
**[Preparation]**
Chen Cangqi states: For Musk deer antlers, those with yellow hairs resembling gold threads at the root of the crown, along with small side spikes, and having a pale white color, are superior.
Meng Shen states: When using Musk deer antler, cut it into five-cun pieces, split it in the middle, roast until yellow, powder it, and add to medicine.
Li Shizhen states: People today rarely distinguish between Musk deer and Deer antler velvet/antlers. Chen Ziming claimed smaller ones are Deer and larger ones are Musk deer, which is also subjective speculation. It is better to verify during collection. The methods for making Musk deer antler glue and Musk deer antler frost are the same as for Deer antler glue and frost. Additionally, *Ji Ling Fang* states: Take one pair of Musk deer antlers, soak in water for seven days, scrape off the skin, and chop into flakes. Soak in a silver vessel filled with cow's milk for one day; if the milk level drops, replenish it until it no longer drops. Seal the vessel mouth tightly with oil paper. Place three cun of barley at the bottom of a pot, set the vessel on top, and fill the surroundings with barley. Immerse in water for one shichen (two hours); replenish water as needed. When the flakes become soft like flour, remove, dry, and grind into frost.
**[Properties and Flavor]**
Sweet, Hot, Non-toxic.
**[Indications]**
Wind-bi syndrome, hemostasis, tonifying Qi and strength (*Youming Bie Lu*). Scrape flakes, roast until fragrant, take with wine; greatly beneficial to humans (Tao Hongjing, from *Peng Zu Zhuan*). Taking with wine tonifies deficiency-consumption, enriches marrow, benefits blood vessels, and warms the lower back and knees (Meng Shen). Powder taken regularly treats cold Qi and wind in men, bone and tendon pain. For sudden heart pain, one dose brings immediate recovery. Grinding into mud with fermented grain water and applying to the face gives a lustrous appearance, red and white like jade, lovely to behold (Meng Shen). Nourishes Yin and tonifies blood; efficacy is the same as antler velvet (*Rihua Zi Bencao*).
**[Innovation/Explanation]**
Meng Shen states: Regular consumption of Musk deer antler greatly benefits Yang Dao (sexual function/male vitality). It is unknown why its effect differs from the meat. Glue made from it has the same efficacy as Deer antler glue; velvet is superior to Deer velvet, and immortal formulas value it highly.
Su Gong states: Musk deer velvet efficacy surpasses Deer velvet; antler glue surpasses white glue. See details under Deer Antler Velvet and Deer Antler.
*Rihua Zi Bencao* states: Musk deer antler belongs to Yin, thus treating numbness in lower back and knees and supplementing all blood disorders.
Li Shizhen states: Deer antler and velvet tonify Yang, suitable for insufficiency of Essence and Qi in the Right Kidney; Musk deer antler and velvet tonify Yin, suitable for insufficiency of Blood in the Left Kidney. This is an ancient secret. Although predecessors had methods, the principle was not elucidated, leading to diverse opinions. *Yang Shi Jia Cang Fang* uses Er Zhi Wan for deficiency-consumption, combining both antlers. However, its properties are too warm, suitable only for Yang deficiency with cold-damp and blood bi, not for the Left Kidney. Sun Simiao's *Qian Jin Fang* lists 110 Musk deer antler pills; only those taken by Rong Chengzi's disciple Gao stood out, allowing him to achieve transcendence. Reviewing his formula, it seems suitable for regular use compared to Er Zhi Wan, and is collected below.
**[Attached Prescriptions]**
Five new prescriptions.
**Elaphurus Antler Pill:** Tonifies Heart Spirit, calms viscera, fills marrow, regulates lower back and legs, enables long standing, sharpens hearing and vision, turns white hair black, reverses aging appearance. Use fresh antlers of the current year connected to the brain crown as superior; antlers with cut marks at the root are also usable. Antlers with flat roots after shedding are unusable. Use 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 pair per dose. Remove 1 cun from the tip, leaving 7-8 cun. Cut according to shape. Soften in flowing water, remove, peel wrinkled skin, shave to expose white interior, stopping at the core. Soak in clear millet wash water for two nights. Dry, squeeze out old water, place on new silk, and sun-dry. Remove coarse bones, skin, and uneven shavings. Soak in pure wine (without sediment) in a large ceramic vessel for two nights. Transfer medicine and wine to a clean cauldron. Boil vigorously for one meal time, then simmer gently until bubbling like crab eyes. Stir constantly with a willow spatula, adding wine as needed, until reduced to a paste. Start preparation at dawn; do not overnight. When shavings resemble thin glue, add 5 sheng of cow milk and 1 jin of butter sequentially. Roast one Musk deer antler until yellow, powder it, and mix with other medicines. Areca nut, Tong Cao, Qin Jiao, Cistanche, Ginseng, Dodder seed (soaked in wine for two nights, dried, pounded separately), Licorice each 1 liang. Pound into powder. Re-boil the glue for one meal time until thick like porridge, then stop fire. Mix in powders when slightly cooled. Form pills like wu-tou seeds. If sticky, grease hands with butter. Dosage: Take on empty stomach with wine. Start with 30 pills, increase by 1 daily up to 50 pills, twice daily. Abstain from intercourse for the first 100 days. After one month, internal diseases will be expelled, possibly causing mild diarrhea; do not worry. Gradually, gas passes, appetite increases. For Qi stagnation, add Zhi Shi and Qing Mu Xiang each 1 liang. After 200 days, wrinkles smooth. After one year, lost teeth regrow, memory strengthens, body feels light as wind, walking hundreds of li daily. After two years, body becomes full and requires less food; those over 70 appear younger. After three years, intestines transform into sinews and marrow, foreseeing future events. After four years, feeling full without eating, seeing immortals. Continuous use for thirty months stabilizes complexion. Preparation must be in a clean room, away from women, chickens, dogs, and mourners. Especially good for women. If drinking alcohol or eating noodles causes dry mouth, bitter taste, or internal heat, take San Huang Wan to induce mild diarrhea. Only after this initial activation is regulation achieved (*Qian Jin Fang*).
**Er Zhi Wan:** Tonifies deficiency, generates essence and blood, dispels wind-damp, strengthens bones and tendons. Deer antler (shaved fine, stir-fried dry with 1 liang true butter and 1 sheng pure wine) 4 liang; Musk deer antler (shaved fine, boiled dry with 2 liang true butter and 1 sheng rice vinegar, then stir-fried dry) 0.5 liang; Cocklebur fruit (soaked in wine overnight, roasted) 0.5 jin; Yam, Poria, Astragalus (honey-roasted) each 4 liang; Angelica sinensis (soaked in wine, roasted) 5 liang; Cistanche (soaked in wine, roasted), Polygala root (decored), Ginseng, Agarwood each 2 liang; Prepared Aconite 1 liang. Pound into powder, make pills with glutinous rice paste brewed in wine, size of wu-tou seeds. Take 50 pills with warm wine.
**Elaphurus Antler Pill:** *San Yin Fang*: Treats five types of flaccidity syndromes, loose skin and brittle hair, withered blood vessels, thin flesh adhering to bones, weak bones and tendons, poor appetite, limb weakness, withered nails and falling hair, blurry vision, and dry lips. Musk deer antler flakes 1 jin (soaked in wine overnight), Large Aconite (raw, peeled and de-navel) 1.5 liang, Prepared Rehmannia 4 liang. Barley grains 2 sheng: half line the bottom, half on top, covered with two cloth towels, steamed for one day. Remove medicine and barley, roast and powder separately. Use the wine used to soak the medicine plus clear wine to cook barley flour into paste, knead 3000 times, form pills like wu-tou seeds. Take 50 pills before meals with warm wine or rice soup, three times daily. Another prescription uses only Musk deer antler (shaved, butter-roasted yellow) 5 liang, Prepared Aconite (powder) 0.5 liang, wine-paste pills.
**Elaphurus Antler Frost Pill:** Tonifies Yuan Zang, preserves complexion. Musk deer antler 1 pair (soaked in water 7 days, scraped, shaved, placed in silver vessel, soaked in cow milk 1 day, keep milk 2 cun high, replenish until stable, seal tightly with oil paper, place in steamer with 3 cun barley at bottom, surround with barley, steam continuously for one fu shi [approx 4 hours], replenish hot water as needed, check until flakes rot like flour, remove, sieve out milk, dry, 8 liang per batch), Prepared Aconite (cracked, peeled), Dried Yam each 3 liang. Pound into powder, mix with steamed jujube pulp, form pills like wu-tou seeds. Take 15-20 pills on empty stomach with warm salted wine. Honey pills are also acceptable (*Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*).
**Elaphurus Antler Pill:** Peng Zu said: Nothing surpasses Musk deer antler for maintaining vigor, preventing sexual exhaustion, and preserving strength and complexion. Method: Grind 10 liang into powder, mix with 1 raw Aconite, form pills with quail eggs, take 20 pills daily with warm wine. Great effect in 20 days. Can also be taken alone as powder with wine to prevent aging, though slower acting than with Aconite (*Peng Zu Fu Shi Jing*).
**Bone**
**[Indications]**
Consumptive disease, very effective. Brew into wine and drink, promotes fatness and whiteness, beautifies complexion (Yu Xi).
**Skin**
**[Indications]**
Make boots and socks, treat gout/jiaojixing (Meng Shen).