（《拾遗》）
【释名】荼苜机。
时珍曰∶荼苜机，音蔡茂机，番言也，出《博物志》。旧本讹作蔡苴机，又作余义，亦
荼苜之讹也。
【集解】藏器曰∶按张华《博物志》云∶荼苜机出永昌郡，是两头鹿名也，似鹿两头。
其胎中屎，以四月取之。范晔《后汉书》云∶云南县有神鹿，两头，能食毒草。《华阳国志》
云∶此鹿出云南郡熊仓山。即余义也。
时珍曰∶按盛弘之《荆州记》云∶武陵郡西有阳山，产两头兽，似鹿，前后有头，一头
食，一头行，山人时或见之。段成式《杂俎》云∶双头鹿胎矢名耶希。夷人
为希。按∶《唐韵》屎字又音希，即此义也。
胎中屎
【主治】敷恶疮，蛇虺毒（藏器）。
（宋《开宝》附）
【释名】KT （即古麂字）。
时珍曰∶麂味甘旨，故从旨。又《字说》云∶山中有虎，麂必鸣以告，其声几几然，故
曰麂。大者曰 。
【集解】马志曰∶麂生东南山谷。
颂曰∶今有山林处皆有之，而均、房、湘、汉间尤多，乃獐类也。按∶《尔雅》云∶麂，
大，旄毛狗足。谓毛长也。南人往往食其肉，然坚
又有一种类麂而大者名 ，不堪药用。《山海经》云∶女几之山多 麂。即此。
宗 曰∶麂，獐属而小于獐。其口两边有长牙，好斗。其皮为第一，无出其右者，但皮
多牙伤痕。其声如击破钹。四方皆有，山深处颇多。
时珍曰∶麂居大山中，似獐而小，牡者有短角，黧色豹脚，脚矮而力劲，善跳越。其行
草莽，但循一径。皮极细腻，靴、袜珍之。或云亦好食蛇。宋书《符瑞志》有银麂，白色；
今施州山中出一种红麂，红色
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】五痔病。炸熟，以姜、醋进之，大有效（藏器）。
头骨
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】烧灰饮服，治飞尸（藏器）。
皮
【主治】作靴、袜，除湿气脚痹（时珍）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】荼苜机。
李时珍说：荼苜机，读音为“蔡茂机”，是外族语言，出自《博物志》。旧版书籍错误地写作“蔡苴机”，又写作“余义”，这也是“荼苜”的讹误。
【集解】陈藏器说：根据张华《博物志》记载：荼苜机出产于永昌郡，是一种两头鹿的名字，形状像鹿但有两个头。它的胎粪，在四月采集。范晔《后汉书》记载：云南县有神异的鹿，有两个头，能吃毒草。《华阳国志》记载：这种鹿出产于云南郡熊仓山。就是所谓的“余义”。
李时珍说：根据盛弘之《荆州记》记载：武陵郡西部有阳山，出产一种两头兽，形状像鹿，前后各有一个头，一个头吃食，一个头行走，山里人有时能看见它们。段成式《酉阳杂俎》记载：双头鹿的胎粪名叫“耶希”。夷人称为“希”。按：《唐韵》中“屎”字又读作“希”，就是这个意思。
胎粪
【主治】敷治恶疮、蛇虺毒（陈藏器）。
（宋代《开宝本草》附录）
【释名】麂（即古体“麂”字）。
李时珍说：麂肉味道甘美，所以字形从“旨”。另外《字说》记载：山中有老虎，麂一定会鸣叫来警告同伴，声音急促，所以叫麂。大的叫做“麏”。
【集解】马志说：麂生长在东南的山谷中。
苏颂说：现在有山林的地方都有麂，而均州、房州、湘州、汉水一带尤其多，它是獐类动物。按：《尔雅》记载：麂，大者毛长，脚像狗。指的是毛长。南方人往往吃它的肉，但是肉质坚硬。
还有一种类似麂但体型较大的动物叫“麏”，不能入药。《山海经》记载：女几山上多产“麏”和麂。就是这种。
寇宗奭说：麂属于獐类，但比獐小。它的口两边有长牙，喜欢争斗。它的皮是最好的，没有能超过它的，只是皮上多有牙咬的痕迹。它的声音像敲击破钹的声音。各地都有，深山地区很多。
李时珍说：麂居住在大山中，形状像獐但较小，雄性有短角，毛色黑黄，脚像豹子，腿短但力气大，善于跳跃。它在草丛中行走，只沿着一条路径走。皮非常细腻，做靴子、袜子很珍贵。有人说它也喜欢吃蛇。宋书《符瑞志》中有银麂，白色；现在施州山中出产一种红麂，红色。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】五痔病。炸熟后，用姜、醋调味食用，效果很大（陈藏器）。
头骨
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】烧成灰后用水冲服，治疗飞尸（陈藏器）。
皮
【主治】制作靴、袜，可除湿气引起的脚痹（李时珍）。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Names] Tumujī.
Li Shizhen states: Tumujī is pronounced "Caimaoji" and is a foreign term, originating from the *Bowuzhi* [Inquiry into the Works of Nature]. Older editions erroneously wrote it as "Caijuji" or "Yuyi," which are also corruptions of "Tumu."
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi states: According to Zhang Hua's *Bowuzhi*, Tumujī originates from Yongchang Commandery; it is a species of two-headed deer, resembling a deer but having two heads. Its fetal feces are collected in the fourth month. Fan Ye's *Book of Later Han* records: In Yunnan County, there is a divine deer with two heads that can eat poisonous herbs. The *Huayang Guozhi* [Records of States South of Mount Hua] notes: This deer is found in Xiong Cang Mountain, Yunnan Commandery. It is the so-called "Yuyi."
Li Shizhen states: According to Sheng Hongzhi's *Jingzhou Ji* [Chronicles of Jingzhou], west of Wuling Commandery lies Yang Mountain, where a two-headed beast is produced. It resembles a deer, with one head at the front and one at the rear; one head eats while the other walks. Locals occasionally see them. Duan Chengshi's *Za Zu* [Miscellaneous Morsels] records: The fetal feces of the double-headed deer is named "Yexi." Barbarians call it "Xi." Note: In the *Tang Yun* [Rhymes of Tang], the character for feces (Shi) is also pronounced "Xi," referring to this meaning.
Fetal Feces
[Therapeutic Actions] Applied externally to treat malignant sores and venom from snakes and vipers (Chen Zangqi).
(Appended in Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Ji (the ancient form of the character 麂).
Li Shizhen states: The meat of Ji tastes sweet and delicious, hence the radical "Zhi" (delicious). Additionally, *Zishuo* [Explanations of Characters] states: When tigers are present in the mountains, Ji will cry out to warn others; its sound is urgent, hence the name Ji. Larger ones are called Jun.
[Collected Explanations] Ma Zhi states: Ji inhabits valleys in the southeast.
Su Song states: They are now found wherever there are mountains and forests, particularly abundant in Jun, Fang, Xiang, and Han regions. They belong to the muntjac (Zhang) family. Note: *Erya* states: Ji, large ones have long hair and dog-like feet, referring to long hair. Southerners often eat their meat, but it is tough.
There is another animal similar to Ji but larger, called Jun, which is unsuitable for medicinal use. *Shanhaijing* [Classic of Mountains and Seas] states: Mount Nüju has many Jun and Ji. This refers to such animals.
Kou Zongshi states: Ji belongs to the muntjac family but is smaller than a muntjac. It has long tusks on both sides of its mouth and likes to fight. Its skin is the finest, unsurpassed by others, though often marked with tooth wounds. Its voice sounds like striking a broken gong. They are found everywhere, especially in deep mountains.
Li Shizhen states: Ji lives in large mountains, resembling a muntjac but smaller. Males have short horns, dark yellow fur, leopard-like legs that are short but powerful, and are good jumpers. When moving through grass, they follow a single path. Their skin is extremely fine and precious for making boots and socks. Some say they also like to eat snakes. The *Song Shu* [History of Song], Chapter on Auspicious Omens, mentions Silver Ji, which is white; currently, in Shizhou mountains, a Red Ji is produced, which is red.
Meat
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats five types of hemorrhoids. Deep-fried and consumed with ginger and vinegar, it is highly effective (Chen Zangqi).
Skull Bone
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Burned to ash and taken with water to treat Feishi [Flying Corpse disease, a type of parasitic or migratory pain syndrome] (Chen Zangqi).
Skin
[Therapeutic Actions] Used to make boots and socks; dispels dampness and treats foot bi-syndrome (Li Shizhen).