味咸，寒，无毒。主治十二种水肿，瘿瘤聚结气， 疮。生东海。
今惟出高丽。绳把索之如卷麻，作黄黑色，柔韧可食。《尔雅》云∶纶似纶，组似组，
东海有之。今青苔、紫菜皆似纶，此昆布亦似组，恐即是也。凡海中菜，皆治瘿瘤结气，青
苔、紫菜辈亦然，干苔性热，柔苔甚冷也。（《大观》卷九，《政和》二二二页）
味咸，微寒，无毒。主治消渴，去热，明目，益气。一名鸿 。如马蓼而大，生水傍，
五月采实。
此类甚多，今生下湿地，极似马蓼，甚长大。《诗》称隰有游龙，注云荭草。郭景纯云∶
即笼古也。（《大观》卷九，《政和》二三四页）
味甘，大温，无毒。主治心腹大寒，温中消谷，强胃气，止泄痢。生江南池泽。
此即南人作纸者，方家惟合断下药用之。（《大观》卷九，《政和》二三七页）
味甘，平，无毒。主明目，止泪，治泄精，去臭恶气，伤寒头痛，上气，腰痛，一名蕙
草。生下湿地，三月采，阴干，脱节者良。
世人呼燕草，状如茅而香者为薰草，人家颇种之。《药录》云∶叶如麻，两两相对。《山
海
非。今诗书家多用蕙语，而竟不知是何草。尚其名而迷其实，皆此类也。（《新修》三五九页
，《大观》卷三○，《政和》五四五页）
味辛，温、大热，无毒。主治胸满，咳逆上气，温中，止血，出汗，逐风湿痹，肠 下
痢。寒冷腹痛，中恶，霍乱，胀满，风邪诸毒。皮肤间结气，止唾血，生者尤良。生姜∶味
辛，微温。主治伤寒头痛鼻塞，咳逆上气，止呕吐。久服去臭气，通神明。生犍为川谷及荆
州、扬州，九月采。（秦椒为之使，杀半夏、莨菪毒，恶黄芩、黄连、天鼠屎。）
干姜今惟出临海、章安，两三村解作之。蜀汉姜旧美，荆州有好姜，而并不能作干者。
凡作干姜法，水淹三日毕，去皮置流水中六日，更去皮，然后晒干，置瓮缸中，谓之酿也。
（《
【昆布】
味咸，性寒，无毒。主治十二种水肿，瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大等颈部肿块）聚结气，疮疡。产于东海。
如今只出产于高丽。用绳子捆扎索绕，形状像卷起来的麻，颜色呈黄黑色，质地柔韧可食用。《尔雅》说：纶类似纶，组类似组，东海有这种植物。如今青苔、紫菜都像纶，这昆布也像组，恐怕就是它了。凡是海中的蔬菜，都能治疗瘿瘤结气，青苔、紫菜这一类也是如此，干苔性质热，柔嫩的苔性质很冷。（《大观本草》卷九，《政和本草》二二二页）
【荭草】
味咸，微寒，无毒。主治消渴病，清热，明目，益气。又名鸿草。像马蓼但体型较大，生长在水边，五月采集果实。
这类植物很多，如今生长在低湿之地，极像马蓼，长得非常高大。《诗经》称“隰有游龙”，注解说这是荭草。郭景纯说：这就是笼古。（《大观本草》卷九，《政和本草》二三四页）
【纸】
味甘，大温，无毒。主治心腹大寒，温中消食，强胃气，止泄痢。产于江南的池泽。
这就是南方人用来造纸的材料，医家只配合断下药物使用。（《大观本草》卷九，《政和本草》二三七页）
【蕙草】
味甘，平，无毒。主治明目，止泪，治遗精，去除臭恶之气，伤寒头痛，上气，腰痛，又名蕙草。生长在低湿之地，三月采集，阴干，脱节的品质好。
世人称呼像茅草但有香气的为薰草，人家颇多种植它。《药录》说：叶子像麻叶，两两相对。《山海经》……不对。如今诗书家中多用蕙这个字，却竟然不知道是什么草。崇尚它的名字而迷惑于它的实物，都是这一类情况。（《新修本草》三五九页，《大观本草》卷三十，《政和本草》五四五页）
【生姜/干姜】
味辛，性温、大热，无毒。主治胸满，咳逆上气，温中，止血，发汗，驱逐风湿痹痛，肠中下痢。寒冷腹痛，中恶，霍乱，胀满，风邪诸毒。皮肤间结气，止唾血，鲜用的效果更好。
生姜：味辛，微温。主治伤寒头痛鼻塞，咳逆上气，止呕吐。长期服用能去臭气，通神明。产于犍为川谷及荆州、扬州，九月采集。（秦椒作为其引经药，能杀半夏、莨菪的毒，畏黄芩、黄连、天鼠屎。）
干姜如今只出产于临海、章安，只有两三个村子懂得制作。蜀汉地区的姜旧时很美，荆州有好姜，但却不能制作成干姜。
凡制作干姜的方法，用水浸泡三天完成，去皮后放在流动的水中六天，再次去皮，然后晒干，放入瓮缸中，称为酿。（《
[Kelp]
Salty, cold, non-toxic. Indicated for twelve types of edema, goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) with qi stagnation and accumulation, and sores. Grows in the East Sea.
Currently, it is only produced in Goryeo. It is bundled with ropes like rolled hemp, appearing yellowish-black, soft, tough, and edible. The *Erya* states: "Lun resembles Lun, Zu resembles Zu," and mentions its presence in the East Sea. Currently, green algae and purple laver resemble Lun; this kelp resembles Zu, so it is likely that they are the same. All marine vegetables can treat goiter and qi stagnation; green algae and purple laver are similar in this regard. Dried algae has a hot nature, while fresh algae is very cold. (*Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 222)
[Red Smartweed]
Salty, slightly cold, non-toxic. Indicated for thirst-quenching (Xiao Ke), clearing heat, brightening the eyes, and benefiting qi. Also known as Hong Cao. It resembles Polygonum orientale but is larger, grows near water, and its fruits are harvested in May.
There are many such plants. Those currently growing in low, wet areas closely resemble Polygonum orientale and grow quite large. The *Classic of Poetry* mentions "Youlong in the marshes," with annotations identifying it as Hong Cao. Guo Jingchun stated: "This is Longgu." (*Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 234)
[Paper]
Sweet, greatly warm, non-toxic. Indicated for severe cold in the heart and abdomen, warming the middle to digest food, strengthening stomach qi, and stopping dysentery. Grows in ponds and marshes in Jiangnan.
This is the material used by southerners for making paper. Physicians use it only in combination with purgative formulas. (*Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 237)
[Hui Grass]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Indicated for brightening the eyes, stopping tearing, treating seminal emission, removing foul odors, headache due to Cold Damage (Shang Han), upward rebellious qi, and lower back pain. Also known as Hui Cao. Grows in low, wet areas, harvested in March, dried in shade; those with detached joints are superior.
People commonly refer to grass resembling reed but fragrant as Xun Cao, which is widely planted in households. The *Yaolu* states: "Leaves resemble hemp leaves, opposite each other." The *Classic of Mountains and Seas*... Incorrect. Currently, scholars of poetry and books often use the term Hui, yet do not know what plant it refers to. Revering the name while being confused about the substance is typical of such cases. (*Xinxiu Bencao*, p. 359; *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 30; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 545)
[Ginger / Dried Ginger]
Pungent, warm, greatly hot, non-toxic. Indicated for chest fullness, coughing and wheezing with upward rebellious qi, warming the middle, stopping bleeding, inducing sweating, expelling wind-damp bi syndrome, intestinal dysentery. Cold abdominal pain, sudden evil attack, cholera-like disorder, distension and fullness, various toxins from wind pathogens. Qi stagnation in the skin, stopping hemoptysis; fresh usage is particularly effective.
Fresh Ginger: Pungent, slightly warm. Indicated for headache and nasal congestion due to Cold Damage, coughing and wheezing with upward rebellious qi, and stopping vomiting. Long-term consumption removes foul odors and clarifies the spirit. Grows in Jianwei Changu and Jingzhou, Yangzhou; harvested in September. (Qinjiao acts as an assistant; it neutralizes the toxicity of Banxia and Langdang; incompatible with Huangqin, Huanglian, and Tianshushi.)
Dried Ginger is currently only produced in Linhai and Zhang'an, where only two or three villages know how to process it. Ginger from Shu and Han was historically excellent, and Jingzhou produces good ginger, but neither can be processed into dried ginger.
The method for making dried ginger is as follows: soak in water for three days, remove the skin, place in flowing water for six days, remove the skin again, then sun-dry, and store in earthenware jars, a process called "brewing" (niang). (*