味苦，寒，有小毒。主治温疾，伤寒大热烦狂，杀三虫，疥疡，利小便水道。根，微
寒，治蛔虫，利大肠。生荆山山谷。
处处有，世人五月五日皆取花叶佩带之，云辟恶。其根以苦酒磨涂疥，甚良。煮汁作糜，
食之去蛔虫。（《新修》一六七页，《大观》卷十四，《政和》三四四页）
味苦，寒，无毒。主治风水，黄胆，面热黑。痂疥，恶疮，金创。一名柳絮。叶∶主马
疥痂疮。取煎煮，以洗马疥，立愈。又治心腹内血，止痛。实∶主溃痈，逐脓血。子汁∶治
渴。生琅琊川泽。
柳即今水杨也，花熟随风起，状如飞雪。陈元正方以为譬者，当用其未舒时，子亦随花
飞，正应水渍取汁尔。柳花亦宜贴灸疮，皮叶治漆疮尔。（《新修》一六八页，《大观》卷十
四
味苦，寒，无毒。主治恶蚀疮着阴。皮∶主五痔，杀三虫。治奔豚气病。花∶敷猪疮，
饲猪肥大三倍，生桐柏山谷。
桐树有四种∶青桐，茎皮青，叶似梧桐而无子。梧桐，色白，叶似青桐有子，子肥亦可
食。白桐与岗桐无异，惟有花子尔。花三月舒，黄紫色，《礼》云桐始花者也。岗桐无子，
是作琴瑟者。今此云花，便应是白桐，白桐亦堪作琴瑟，一名椅桐，人家多植之。（《新修》
一
味苦，寒，无毒。主治热，去三虫，治目中患。花、叶∶捣敷猪疮，饲猪肥大易养三倍，
生河内山谷。
此即梓树之皮。梓亦有三种，当用朴素不腐者，方药不复用。叶治手脚水烂。桐叶及此
以
政和》三五一页）
【楝实】
味道苦，性寒，有小毒。主治温热病邪引起的疾病，治疗伤寒引起的高热、烦躁、狂乱，能杀灭寄生虫，治疗疥疮和皮肤溃疡，通利小便水道。楝树的根，性微寒，主治蛔虫病，通利大肠。生长在荆山的山谷中。
到处都有生长，世人都在五月五日采集花叶佩戴在身上，说是可以辟除邪气。用醋研磨其根部粉末涂抹疥疮，效果很好。煮汁做成粥食用，可以去除蛔虫。（出自《新修本草》第167页，《大观本草》卷十四，《政和本草》第344页）
【柳白皮】
味道苦，性寒，无毒。主治风水水肿，黄疸，面部发热发黑。治疗结痂的疥疮，恶疮，金属利器造成的创伤。又名柳絮。叶子：主治马匹的疥疮和结痂疮。取柳叶煎煮，用来清洗患病的马匹，立刻痊愈。又用于治疗心腹内的瘀血，止痛。果实：主治溃烂的痈疽，排出脓血。子汁：治疗口渴。生长在琅琊的川泽地带。
柳就是现在的水杨，花朵成熟后随风飘散，形状像飞雪。陈元正将其作为比喻时，应当使用它尚未舒展的时候，种子也随着花朵飞舞，正好对应用水浸泡取汁的方法。柳花也适宜贴敷灸疮，树皮和叶子治疗漆疮。（出自《新修本草》第168页，《大观本草》卷十四）
【桐木皮】
味道苦，性寒，无毒。主治恶蚀疮附着于阴部。树皮：主治五种痔疮，杀灭寄生虫。治疗奔豚气病。花朵：敷在猪的疮上，喂养猪使其体重增加三倍，生长在桐柏山的山谷中。
桐树有四种：青桐，茎皮青色，叶子像梧桐但没有果实。梧桐，颜色白色，叶子像青桐且有果实，果实肥大也可以食用。白桐与岗桐没有区别，只有花和种子。三月花开舒展，呈黄紫色，《礼记》说“桐始花”。岗桐没有果实，是制作琴瑟的材料。现在这里提到的花，应该就是白桐，白桐也可以制作琴瑟，又名椅桐，人家多种植它。（出自《新修本草》）
【梓白皮】
味道苦，性寒，无毒。主治热症，去除寄生虫，治疗眼部疾病。花、叶：捣碎敷在猪的疮上，喂养猪使其变得肥壮容易饲养且体重增加三倍，生长在河内的山谷中。
这就是梓树的皮。梓树也有三种，应当使用朴素未腐朽者，方药中不再使用。叶子治疗手脚因水湿浸渍而糜烂。桐叶及此（梓叶）……（出自《政和本草》第351页）
[Fructus Meliae]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: slightly toxic. Indications: Treats warm pathogenic diseases; treats high fever, irritability, and mania caused by cold damage (Shanghan); kills three types of parasites; treats scabies and skin ulcers; promotes urination through the water passages. Root: Nature is slightly cold; treats ascariasis; promotes bowel movement. Habitat: Grows in the valleys of Mount Jing.
It grows everywhere. People on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month collect flowers and leaves to wear as amulets, claiming it wards off evil. Grinding the root with vinegar and applying it topically to scabies yields excellent results. Boiling the juice to make a porridge and eating it expels roundworms. (Source: *Xinxiu Bencao* p. 167, *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 14, *Zhenghe Bencao* p. 344)
[Willow Bark]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Treats wind-water edema, jaundice, and facial heat with darkening. Treats crusted scabies, foul sores, and traumatic injuries from metal weapons. Also known as Liu Xu (Willow Catkin). Leaves: Treat equine scabies and crusted sores. Decoct and wash the affected horses for immediate cure. Also treats internal blood stasis in the heart and abdomen, and relieves pain. Fruits: Treats suppurating carbuncles, expelling pus and blood. Juice of seeds: Treats thirst. Habitat: Grows in the rivers and marshes of Langya.
Willow refers to the current Shuiyang (Water Poplar/Willow). Flowers mature and fly with the wind, resembling flying snow. When Chen Yuanzheng used it as a metaphor, he likely referred to its state before unfurling; seeds also fly with the flowers, corresponding to the method of soaking in water to extract juice. Willow flowers are also suitable for topical application on moxibustion sores; bark and leaves treat lacquer dermatitis. (Source: *Xinxiu Bencao* p. 168, *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 14)
[Paulownia Bark]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Treats erosive sores affecting the genitalia. Bark: Treats five types of hemorrhoids, kills parasites. Treats Ben Tun Qi disease (a condition characterized by a sensation of gas rushing up from the lower abdomen to the chest/throat). Flowers: Applied to pig sores; feeding pigs with this causes them to gain three times their body weight. Habitat: Grows in the valleys of Tongbai Mountain.
There are four types of Paulownia trees: Qingtong (Green Paulownia), with green stem bark and leaves similar to Wutong but without fruits. Wutong (Chinese Parasol Tree), with white color, leaves similar to Qingtong but with fruits, which are large and edible. Baitong (White Paulownia) is indistinguishable from Gangtong except for having flowers and seeds. Flowers unfold in March, yellow-purple in color; *Li Ji* states "Paulownia flowers first." Gangtong has no seeds and is used for making qin and se instruments. The mention of flowers here likely refers to Baitong, which can also be used for instruments, also known as Yitong, commonly planted by households. (Source: *Xinxiu Bencao*)
[Catalpa Bark]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Treats heat syndromes, expels parasites, treats eye disorders. Flowers and Leaves: Crushed and applied to pig sores; feeding pigs with this makes them fat, easy to raise, and increases body weight by three times. Habitat: Grows in the valleys of Henei.
This is the bark of the Catalpa tree. There are three types of Catalpa; one should use plain, unrotted material. It is no longer used in prescriptions. Leaves treat maceration of hands and feet due to dampness. Paulownia leaves and these [Catalpa leaves]... (Source: *Zhenghe Bencao* p. 351)