味苦，平，有小毒。主治惊痫，寒热，热盛狂痉，除邪逐鬼。治小儿百病。诸痫热，口
不开，大人狂癫，又堕胎。久服轻身，增年，令人不忘。生晋地平泽，生于牛，得之即阴干
百日，使时燥，无令见日月光。（人参为之使，得牡丹、菖蒲利耳目，恶龙骨、地黄、龙胆、
蜚蠊，畏牛膝。）
旧云神牛出入鸣吼者有之，伺其出角上，以盆水承而吐之，即堕落水中。今人多皆就胆
中得之尔。多出梁、益，一子如鸡子黄大相重叠，药中之贵，莫复过此。一子起二三分，好
者直五六千至一万也。世人多假作，甚相似，唯以磨爪甲舐拭不脱者。是真之。（《新修》一
八三页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》三七○页）
味辛，温，无毒。主辟恶气，杀鬼精物，温疟，蛊毒，痫 ，去三虫，治诸凶邪鬼气，
中恶，心腹暴痛胀急，痞满，风毒，妇人产难，堕胎，去面 目中肤翳。久服除邪，不梦
寤魇寐，通神仙。生中台川谷及益州、雍州山中。春分取之，生者益良。
麝形似獐，恒食柏叶，又啖蛇，五月得香往往有蛇皮骨，故麝香治蛇毒。今以蛇蜕皮裹
麝香弥香，则是相使也。其香正在麝阴茎前皮内，别有膜裹之。今出随郡义阳晋熙诸蛮中者
亚之。
今出其形貌直如粟 人。又云是卵，不然也。香多被破杂蛮，犹差于益州。益州香形
扁，仍以皮膜裹之。一子真者，分糅作三、四子，刮取其血膜，亦杂以余物。大都亦有精粗，
破看一片，有毛在裹中者为胜，彼人以为志。若于诸羌夷中得者，多真好。烧当门沸起良久
亦好。今唯得活者，自看取之，必当全真尔。生香人云是其精溺凝作之，殊不尔麝夏月食蛇
虫多，至寒香满，入春患急痛，自以脚剔出，着屎溺中覆之，皆有常处。人有遇得，乃至一
斗五升也。用此香乃胜杀取者。带麝非但香，亦辟恶。以真者一子，置头间枕之，辟恶梦及
尸疰鬼气。（《新修》一八四页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》三六九页）
味苦，性平，有小毒。主治惊痫（因惊恐引发的癫痫），寒热往来，热盛导致的狂躁痉挛，驱除邪气、逐退鬼祟。治疗小儿各种疾病。各类热性癫痫，口不能张开，成人狂乱癫疾，又能堕胎。长期服用可身体轻盈，延年益寿，使人记忆力增强。产于晋地平泽地区，生于牛体内，得到后需阴干百日，使其适时干燥，不要让日光月光照射。（人参作为其引经药，与牡丹、石菖蒲同用能利耳目，厌恶龙骨、地黄、龙胆草、蜚蠊，畏惧牛膝。）
旧时传说有神牛出入鸣吼的情况，守候在牛角长出之处，用盆水承接它吐出的东西，就会堕落在水中。现在人们大多直接从牛胆囊中获取。多产于梁州、益州，一颗像鸡蛋黄大小且层层重叠，是药物中的珍品，没有比这更珍贵的了。一颗价值二三分，好的价格高达五六千至一万钱。世人多伪造，非常相似，只有用指甲研磨、舔拭不脱落的才是真品。（出自《新修本草》一八三页，《大观本草》卷十六，《政和本草》三七○页）
味辛，性温，无毒。主要辟除恶气，杀灭鬼精物，治疗温疟，蛊毒，癫痫，去除三虫（蛔虫、蛲虫、绦虫等寄生虫），治疗各种凶邪鬼气，中恶（突然感受秽浊之气而发病），心腹突发疼痛胀急，痞满，风毒，妇女难产，堕胎，去除面目中的翳障。长期服用可驱除邪气，不做噩梦惊醒，通晓神仙之道。产于中台川谷以及益州、雍州的山中。春分时节采集，新鲜的更好。
麝的形态像獐子，常食柏叶，又吃蛇，五月得到的麝香中往往有蛇皮骨，所以麝香能治疗蛇毒。现在用蛇蜕皮包裹麝香会使香气更浓，这就是相使关系。其香气位于麝阴茎前的皮内，另有膜包裹。现在出产于随郡、义阳、晋熙等地蛮族地区的次之。
现在的麝香形状直如粟米人形。又说它是卵，不是这样。香气多的被打破混杂的蛮族产品，仍比益州的差。益州的麝香形状扁平，仍以皮膜包裹。一颗真品，被分割揉制成三、四颗，刮取其血膜，也掺杂其他物质。大体上也有精粗之分，破开看一片，里面有毛包裹的为优，当地人以此作为标志。如果在诸羌夷中获得，多为真好。烧时当门子沸腾升起很久也是好品质。现在只能得到活体取香的，自己查看选取，必定全真。生香人说这是麝的精液尿液凝结而成，并非如此。麝夏季吃蛇虫多，到了寒冷季节香气充满，入春患急痛，自己用脚剔出，放在屎溺中覆盖，都有固定处所。人有时遇到，甚至有一斗五升之多。用这种活取的方法胜过杀取。佩戴麝香不仅因为香气，也能辟除恶气。用真品一颗，放在头间枕着，可辟除恶梦及尸疰鬼气。（出自《新修本草》一八四页，《大观本草》卷十六，《政和本草》三六九页）
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, slightly toxic. It treats jingxian (epilepsy induced by fright), alternating chills and fever, manic spasms caused by excessive heat, expelling evil qi and driving away demonic influences. It treats various diseases in children. For all types of heat-induced epilepsy with inability to open the mouth, and adult mania or癫疾 (madness/epilepsy), it can also induce abortion. Long-term use makes the body light, increases lifespan, and enhances memory. It is produced in Pingze, Jin region, growing inside cattle. After obtaining it, dry it in shade for one hundred days to ensure proper drying, avoiding exposure to sunlight or moonlight. (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma acts as its guiding herb; combined with Moutan Cortex and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, it benefits the ears and eyes; it is incompatible with Os Draconis, Rehmanniae Radix, Gentianae Radix, and Blatta orientalis; it fears Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix.)
Old texts mention that divine cattle entering and exiting while roaring exist; waiting at the place where horns grow, catching what they spit into a basin of water causes it to fall into the water. Nowadays, people mostly obtain it directly from the gallbladder. It is mostly produced in Liangzhou and Yizhou. One piece is as large as a chicken egg yolk, layered and overlapping, being the most precious among medicines, surpassing all others. One piece costs two or three fen, while good quality ones cost five to six thousand up to ten thousand coins. People often forge them, looking very similar; only those that do not peel off when ground with fingernails or licked are genuine. (From *Xinxiu Bencao* page 183, *Daguan Bencao* Volume 16, *Zhenghe Bencao* page 370)
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily repels foul odors, kills demonic spirits, treats wen nue (warm malaria), gu du (poisonous accumulation), epilepsy, removes san chong (parasites such as roundworms, pinworms, and tapeworms), treats various malignant evil demonic qi, zhong e (sudden illness due to foul qi invasion), sudden abdominal pain and distension, pi man (fullness/blockage), feng du (wind toxicity), difficult labor in women, abortion, and removes yì (cataracts/opacities) from the face and eyes. Long-term use expels evil, prevents nightmares and sleep paralysis, and facilitates connection with immortals. It is produced in Zhongtai valleys and mountains of Yizhou and Yongzhou. Harvested at the Spring Equinox; fresh ones are superior.
The musk deer resembles a chamois, constantly eating cypress leaves and also consuming snakes. In May, obtained musk often contains snake skin and bones; thus, Musk is used to treat snake venom. Now, wrapping musk in shed snake skin makes the fragrance more intense, demonstrating a synergistic relationship. The fragrance lies within the skin anterior to the penis, wrapped in another membrane. Those produced in the barbarian regions of Sui Commandery, Yiyang, and Jinxī are inferior.
Current musk shapes resemble millet grains or human figures. Some say it is an egg, which is incorrect. Fragrance-rich products broken and mixed by barbarians are still inferior to those from Yizhou. Yizhou musk is flat-shaped, still wrapped in skin and membrane. One genuine piece is divided and mixed to make three or four pieces, scraping out the blood membrane, also mixed with other substances. Generally, there are fine and coarse qualities. Breaking open a piece, if hair is found inside the wrapping, it is considered superior, which locals use as a mark. If obtained from various Qiang and Yi tribes, it is mostly truly high quality. When burned, if the Dangmenzi (glandular pellet) bubbles and rises for a long time, it is also good. Currently, only live extraction is available; inspecting personally ensures authenticity. Producers claim it is formed from condensed essence and urine, but this is not true. Musk eats many snakes and insects in summer; when cold arrives, the fragrance fills the gland. In spring, suffering from urgent pain, it scratches it out with its feet and covers it with feces/urine, always in fixed places. Humans sometimes encounter it, even finding amounts up to one dou five sheng. Using this live-extracted method is superior to killing the animal. Carrying musk not only provides fragrance but also repels evil. Placing one genuine piece between the head and pillow repels bad dreams and尸zhu (corpse-transmission disease/demonic influence). (From *Xinxiu Bencao* page 184, *Daguan Bencao* Volume 16, *Zhenghe Bencao* page 369)