味辛，温。主杀鬼精物，蛊毒，恶气，消痈肿，下肢满疝，下血。久服益气力，长
肥健，轻身增年。一名离母，一名鬼督邮。生陈仓、川谷、雍州及太山少室。三月、四月、
八月采根，曝干。
陈仓属雍州扶风郡。案此草亦是芝类。云茎赤如箭杆，叶生其端。根如人足，又云如芋，
有十二子为卫。有风不动，无风自摇。如此，亦非世所见，而徐长卿亦名鬼督邮。又复有鬼
箭，茎有羽，其治并相似，而益人乖异，恐并非此赤箭。（《大观》卷六，《政和》一六六
味甘，平，无毒。主治五脏邪气，安志厌食，除虫去毒。久服强魂魄，聪察，轻身，不
老，通神明。一名益智。其大者似槟榔。生南海山谷。
广州别有龙眼，似荔枝而小，非益智，恐彼人别名，今者为益智耳。食之并利人。（《新
修》一二四页，《大观》卷十三，《政和》三三○页）
味甘、苦，平，无毒。主治 疟，解毒，辟蛊疰不祥，利水道。久服轻身，耐老。
一名 猪屎。生衡山山谷，及济阴冤朐。二月、八月采，阴干。
今湘州、衡山无有，此道不通，皆从宁州来。旧云是枫树苓，其皮至黑，作块似猪屎，
故
观》卷十三，《政和》三二八页）
味甘，平，无毒。主治胸胁逆气，忧恚，惊邪恐悸，心下结痛，寒热，烦满，咳逆，止
口焦舌干，利小便。止消渴唾，大腹淋沥，膈中痰水，水肿淋结，开胸腑，调脏气，伐肾邪，
长阴，益气力，保神守中。久服安魂魄，养神，不饥，延年。一名茯菟。其有抱根者，名茯
神。茯神，味甘，平。主辟不祥，治风眩、风虚，五劳、七伤，口干，止惊悸，多恚怒，善
忘，开心益智，安魂魄，养精神。生太山山谷大松下。二月、八月采，阴干。（马间为之使。
案药名无马间，或者马茎，声相近故也。得甘草、防风、芍药、紫石英、麦门冬共治五脏。
恶白蔹。畏牡蒙、地榆、雄黄、秦胶、龟甲。）
今出郁州，彼土人乃故斫松作之，形多小，虚赤不佳。自然成者，大如三、四升器，外
皮黑细皱，内坚白，形如鸟兽龟鳖者，良。又复时燥则不水。作丸散者，皆先煮之两三沸，
乃切，曝干。白色者补，赤色者利，世用甚多。《仙经》服食，亦为至要。云其通神而致灵，
和魂而练魄，明窍而益肌，浓肠而开心，调营而理胃，上品仙药也。善能断谷不肌。为药无
朽蛀。吾尝掘地得昔人所埋一块，计应卅许年，而色理无异，明其贞全不朽矣。其有衔松根
对度者，为茯神，是其次茯苓后结一块也。仙方唯云茯苓，而无茯神，为治既同，用之亦应
无嫌。（《新修》八七页，《大观》卷十二，《政和》二九六页）
【赤箭】
味辛，性温。主要功效是杀灭鬼魅精怪、蛊毒和恶气，消除痈肿，治疗下肢胀满、疝气和便血。长期服用可以益气力，使人长得肥壮健壮，身体轻盈并延年益寿。又名离母，又名鬼督邮。产于陈仓、川谷、雍州以及泰山少室山。三月、四月、八月采集根部，晒干。
陈仓属于雍州扶风郡。考察这种草也是灵芝一类。说它的茎像箭杆一样红，叶子生在顶端。根像人的脚，又说像芋头，有十二个子株作为护卫。有风时不动，无风时自摇。像这样，也不是世间常见的植物，而且徐长卿也叫鬼督邮。另外还有鬼箭，茎上有羽状物，其治疗作用也相似，但对人体的益处却大不相同，恐怕都不是这种赤箭。（《大观本草》卷六，《政和本草》卷一六六）
【益智】
味甘，性平，无毒。主治五脏邪气，安神，抑制食欲（指厌食症状），驱虫去毒。长期服用可以强健魂魄，使听觉视觉灵敏，身体轻盈，不衰老，通灵达神。又名益智。大的像槟榔。产于南海山谷。
广州另外有一种龙眼，像荔枝但较小，不是益智，恐怕是当地人别名，现在所说的才是益智。食用它们都对人有好处。（《新修本草》一二四页，《大观本草》卷十三，《政和本草》三三○页）
【猪屎苓】
味甘、苦，性平，无毒。主治疟疾，解毒，辟除蛊疰及不祥之气，通利水道。长期服用可以身体轻盈，耐老。
又名猪屎。产于衡山山谷，以及济阴冤朐。二月、八月采集，阴干。
如今湘州、衡山没有这种药，此道不通，都从宁州运来。旧时说这是枫树苓，其皮非常黑，结成块状像猪屎，所以……（《大观本草》卷十三，《政和本草》三二八页）
【茯苓】
味甘，性平，无毒。主治胸胁逆气，忧愁愤怒，惊邪恐惧心悸，心下结痛，寒热，烦闷，咳嗽气逆，止住口焦舌干，通利小便。止消渴唾沫，治疗大腹淋沥，膈中痰水，水肿淋结，开通胸腑，调理脏气，攻伐肾邪，促进阴部生长，益气力，保神守中。长期服用可以安魂魄，养精神，不饥饿，延年益寿。又名茯菟。那些抱附在松根上的，名叫茯神。茯神，味甘，性平。主要功效是辟除不祥，治疗风眩、风虚，五劳、七伤，口干，止惊悸，多怒，健忘，开心益智，安魂魄，养精神。产于泰山山谷的大松下。二月、八月采集，阴干。（马间为之使。案药名无马间，或者是马茎，声音相近的缘故。与甘草、防风、芍药、紫石英、麦门冬配合使用可共治五脏疾病。畏忌白蔹。害怕牡蒙、地榆、雄黄、秦胶、龟甲。）
如今出产于郁州，当地百姓故意砍伐松树来种植茯苓，形状大多较小，空心发红不好。自然生成的，大如三、四升的容器，外皮黑而细皱，内部坚实洁白，形状像鸟兽龟鳖的为佳品。如果太干燥则不含水分。制作丸散者，都要先煮两三沸，然后切片，晒干。白色的补益，红色的通利，世人使用很多。《仙经》中的服食方法，也非常重要。说它能通神致灵，和魂练魄，明窍益肌，浓肠开心，调营理胃，是上品的仙药。善于断谷而不消瘦肌肉。作为药材不会腐朽虫蛀。我曾经挖地得到前人埋藏的一块，估计应有三十多年，但色泽纹理没有差异，明显说明它坚贞完整不朽。那些衔着松根对度生长的，就是茯神，这是在茯苓之后结出的一块。仙方只说茯苓，而没有茯神，因为治疗作用相同，使用也没有嫌疑。（《新修本草》八七页，《大观本草》卷十二，《政和本草》二九六页）
[Chi Jian (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily used to kill demonic spirits, gu poison, and malignant qi; to resolve carbuncles and swellings; and to treat lower limb fullness, hernia, and bloody stool. Long-term consumption tonifies qi and strength, promotes robust growth, lightens the body, and extends lifespan. Also known as Li Mu or Gui Du You. Grows in Chencang, Chuangu, Yongzhou, and Mount Tai Shaoshi Mountain. The roots are harvested in March, April, and August, and dried in the sun.
Chencang belongs to the Fufeng Commandery of Yongzhou. This herb is also a type of Lingzhi (Ganoderma). It is said that its stem is red like an arrow shaft, with leaves growing at the tip. The root resembles a human foot, or sometimes a taro, accompanied by twelve subsidiary roots acting as guards. It does not move when there is wind, but sways on its own when there is no wind. Such characteristics suggest it is not the plant commonly seen today. Moreover, Xuchangqing (Radix Dipsaci) is also called Gui Du You. There is also Gui Jian (Ramulus Eucommiae), which has feather-like structures on its stems; although their therapeutic effects are similar, their benefits to the human body differ significantly. It is feared that they are not this Chi Jian. (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 6, Zheng He Ben Cao Vol. 166)
[Yi Zhi (Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae)]
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, calms the mind, alleviates anorexia, expels parasites, and removes toxins. Long-term consumption strengthens the hun and po spirits, enhances sensory acuity, lightens the body, prevents aging, and facilitates spiritual clarity. Also known as Yi Zhi. The larger ones resemble Areca Nut (Betel Nut). Grows in the valleys of Nanhai.
Guangzhou has another fruit called Long Yan (Longan), which resembles Lychee but is smaller; this is not Yi Zhi, likely a local alias. The current Yi Zhi is distinct. Consuming them both benefits people. (Xin Xiu Ben Cao p. 124, Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 13, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 330)
[Zhu Shi Ling]
Sweet and bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats malaria, detoxifies, wards off gu zhu (pestilential diseases) and inauspicious influences, and promotes urination. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging.
Also known as Zhu Shi. Grows in the valleys of Hengshan, and Ji Yin Yuanqu. Harvested in February and August, and dried in the shade.
Currently, it is unavailable in Xiangzhou and Hengshan due to blocked trade routes; it is all imported from Ningzhou. Old texts state this is Feng Shu Ling (Lingzhi from Maple Tree), whose skin is very black and forms lumps resembling pig feces, hence the name... (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 13, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 328)
[Fu Ling (Poria)]
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats rebellious qi in the chest and hypochondrium, sorrow and anger, fright and palpitations, epigastric knotting and pain, alternating chills and fever, irritability and fullness, cough and rebellious qi, stops dry mouth and tongue, and promotes urination. Stops excessive saliva in thirst-quenching conditions, treats abdominal distension with dripping sensation, phlegm-fluid retention in the diaphragm, edema with urinary difficulty, opens the chest and fu organs, regulates zang organ qi, attacks kidney pathogens, promotes genital growth, tonifies qi and strength, preserves spirit, and maintains central balance. Long-term consumption calms the hun and po, nourishes the spirit, suppresses hunger, and extends lifespan. Also known as Fu Tu. Those growing attached to pine roots are named Fu Shen (Poria with Pine Root). Fu Shen is sweet in flavor and neutral in nature. It primarily wards off inauspicious influences, treats wind vertigo and wind deficiency, wu lao (five exhaustion syndromes) and qi shang (seven injuries), dry mouth, stops palpitations, reduces irritability, improves memory, opens the heart and enhances intelligence, calms the hun and po, and nourishes the spirit. Grows in the large pine forests of the valleys of Mount Tai. Harvested in February and August, and dried in the shade. (Ma Jian acts as an assistant. Note: "Ma Jian" does not appear in pharmacopoeias; it might be Ma Jing, due to phonetic similarity. Combined with Gancao (Licorice), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia), Shaoyao (Peony), Zi Shiyong (Hematite), and Maimendong (Ophiopogon), it treats disorders of the five zang organs. Incompatible with Bailian (Ampelopsis). Averse to Mumeng, Diyu, Xionghuang (Realgar), Qin Jiao, and Gujia (Tortoise Shell).)
Currently produced in Yuzhou. Local people intentionally cut pine trees to cultivate it; the resulting pieces are often small, hollow, and reddish, which is inferior. Naturally formed ones are large, comparable to three or four-sheng containers, with thin, wrinkled black outer skin, firm and white interior, and shapes resembling birds, beasts, turtles, or tortoises—these are superior. If too dry, they lack moisture. For making pills and powders, they must be boiled for two or three boils before slicing and drying. White Poria tonifies; red Poria promotes drainage. It is widely used. In the Immortal Classics, it is considered essential for dietary therapy. It is said to facilitate spiritual connection, harmonize the soul and refine the spirit, open orifices and benefit muscles, thicken intestines and open the heart, regulate ying qi and manage stomach functions. It is a supreme-grade immortal medicine. It effectively enables grain avoidance without muscle wasting. As a medicinal material, it does not rot or get infested by insects. I once excavated a piece buried by predecessors, estimated to be over thirty years old, yet its color and texture remained unchanged, clearly demonstrating its integrity and imperishability. Those attaching to pine roots in specific configurations are Fu Shen, which form after Poria. The Immortal Prescriptions mention only Poria, not Fu Shen; since their therapeutic actions are identical, using either causes no objection. (Xin Xiu Ben Cao p. 87, Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 12, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 296)