\r水蛭\pj487.bmp\r
（即马蝗蜞。） 味咸、苦，气平、微寒。有毒。入药取水中小者，其性畏锻石与盐。
烈
日曝极干，锉细炒黄色。倘若制非精细，入腹生子为殃，故凡用之极宜谨慎。活者堪吮肿
毒恶血，取名蜞针；（载外科书。）炒者能去积瘀坚瘕，立方抵当。（仲景伤寒方有抵当汤、
抵当丸。）治折伤利水道，通月信堕妊娠。加麝香酒调，下蓄血神效。盖苦走血，咸胜血故
尔。
\r龙骨\pj488.bmp\r
味甘，气微寒。阳也。无毒。河东多，崖穴有。指脱者，当时臆度语；云死者，《本
经》的实辞。（经云∶死龙处采无时。）雄龙骨狭而纹粗，雌龙骨广而纹细。五色
具全上品，
白
中黄乃次之。黑者极低，捡除勿用。舐竟粘舌不假， 脆研细方精。仍水飞淘，免着肠胃。
畏椒漆（蜀椒、干漆、）理石，宜牛黄、人参。闭涩滑泻大肠，收敛浮越正气。止肠风来血
及
妇人带下崩中，塞梦寐泄精并小儿惊痫风热。辟鬼疰精物，除肠痈内疽。固虚汗，缩小便，
散坚结，消症瘕。经云∶涩可去脱，此之谓欤。龙齿（形小强，有齿状。）定心安魂，
男妇邪
梦纷纭者急服；龙角（形强而实，世所稀有。）却惊退热，小儿痰盛发搐者宜求。
龙涎（吐出涎沫，深泽多有。）可制香，龙脑（甚肥软。）能断痢。龙遗沥粘
水傍木枝，类蒲槌状而灰色
。紫梢花又别号，为阴冷无孕仙丹。龙胞胎出蜀中山涧，如干鱼鳞而腥臊，景天
瓦松同煎，
系经闭不通要药。
（谟）按∶罗氏云∶龙春分登天，秋分潜渊，物之至灵者也。世俗书龙有三停九似之说。
三停
者，谓自首至膊，膊至腰，腰至尾相停也。九似者，谓角似鹿，头似马，眼似兔，项似蛇，
腹似蜃，鳞似鱼，爪似鹰，掌似虎，耳似牛也。头上有物如博山，名尺木。龙无尺木，不能
升天。其性粗猛，畏铁，爱珠玉、空青，而嗜烧燕肉，故尝食燕者，不可渡海。又言畏栋（
音练）叶、五色线，故汉以五色线合栋叶缚之。古有豢龙氏徒，能知其欲恶而节制之尔。嘘
气成云，以蔽身体，人不可见。其声如戛铜盘，液能发众香。龙火与人火相反，得湿而焰，
遇水乃燔。以火逐之，则燔息而焰灭矣。
《卫生宝鉴》曰∶龙齿安魂，虎睛定魄，此各言其类也。东方苍龙木也，属肝藏魂；西方白
虎金也，属肺藏魄。龙能变化，故魂游不定；虎能专静，故魄止能守。是以魄不
宁者，宜治以虎睛；魂飞扬者，宜治以龙齿。万物有成理而不说，亦在夫人达之而已矣。
水蛭
（即马蝗蜞。） 味咸、苦，气平、微寒。有毒。入药取水中小者，其性畏锻石与盐。
烈日曝极干，锉细炒黄色。倘若制非精细，入腹生子为殃，故凡用之极宜谨慎。活者堪吮肿毒恶血，取名蜞针；（载外科书。）炒者能去积瘀坚瘕，立方抵当。（仲景伤寒方有抵当汤、抵当丸。）治折伤利水道，通月信堕妊娠。加麝香酒调，下蓄血神效。盖苦走血，咸胜血故尔。
龙骨
味甘，气微寒。阳也。无毒。河东多，崖穴有。指脱者，当时臆度语；云死者，《本经》的实辞。（经云∶死龙处采无时。）雄龙骨狭而纹粗，雌龙骨广而纹细。五色具全上品，白中黄乃次之。黑者极低，捡除勿用。舐竟粘舌不假，脆研细方精。仍水飞淘，免着肠胃。畏椒漆（蜀椒、干漆、）理石，宜牛黄、人参。闭涩滑泻大肠，收敛浮越正气。止肠风来血及妇人带下崩中，塞梦寐泄精并小儿惊痫风热。辟鬼疰精物，除肠痈内疽。固虚汗，缩小便，散坚结，消症瘕。经云∶涩可去脱，此之谓欤。龙齿（形小强，有齿状。）定心安魂，男妇邪梦纷纭者急服；龙角（形强而实，世所稀有。）却惊退热，小儿痰盛发搐者宜求。
龙涎（吐出涎沫，深泽多有。）可制香，龙脑（甚肥软。）能断痢。龙遗沥粘水傍木枝，类蒲槌状而灰色。紫梢花又别号，为阴冷无孕仙丹。龙胞胎出蜀中山涧，如干鱼鳞而腥臊，景天瓦松同煎，系经闭不通要药。
（谟）按∶罗氏云∶龙春分登天，秋分潜渊，物之至灵者也。世俗书龙有三停九似之说。三停者，谓自首至膊，膊至腰，腰至尾相停也。九似者，谓角似鹿，头似马，眼似兔，项似蛇，腹似蜃，鳞似鱼，爪似鹰，掌似虎，耳似牛也。头上有物如博山，名尺木。龙无尺木，不能升天。其性粗猛，畏铁，爱珠玉、空青，而嗜烧燕肉，故尝食燕者，不可渡海。又言畏栋（音练）叶、五色线，故汉以五色线合栋叶缚之。古有豢龙氏徒，能知其欲恶而节制之尔。嘘气成云，以蔽身体，人不可见。其声如戛铜盘，液能发众香。龙火与人火相反，得湿而焰，遇水乃燔。以火逐之，则燔息而焰灭矣。
《卫生宝鉴》曰∶龙齿安魂，虎睛定魄，此各言其类也。东方苍龙木也，属肝藏魂；西方白虎金也，属肺藏魄。龙能变化，故魂游不定；虎能专静，故魄止能守。是以魄不宁者，宜治以虎睛；魂飞扬者，宜治以龙齿。万物有成理而不说，亦在夫人达之而已矣。
Leech (Shuizhi)
(Also known as Ma Huang Qi.) Flavor: salty, bitter. Nature: neutral, slightly cold. Toxicity: toxic. For medicinal use, select those found in water; their nature fears calcined gypsum and salt. Dry them thoroughly under the scorching sun, chop finely, and stir-fry until yellow. If not processed meticulously, they may hatch eggs in the abdomen causing disaster; therefore, extreme caution is required when using them. Live leeches can suck out swelling toxins and foul blood, hence named Qi Zhen (Leech Needle); (recorded in surgical texts.) Stir-fried leeches can remove accumulated stasis and hard masses, forming the basis of the Didang formula (Zhongjing's Shanghan Lun formulas include Didang Tang and Didang Wan.) They treat fractures, promote urination, regulate menstruation, and induce abortion. Mixed with musk and taken with wine, they are miraculously effective in expelling retained blood. This is because bitter flavors enter the blood, and salty flavors overcome blood.
Dragon Bone (Longgu)
Flavor: sweet. Nature: slightly cold. Attribute: yang. Toxicity: non-toxic. Abundant in Hedong, found in cliff caves. The phrase "fingers falling off" was a speculative remark at the time; the statement that it comes from dead dragons is a factual description in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. (The classic states: "Collect from places where dead dragons were found, without specific timing.") Male dragon bone is narrow with coarse patterns; female dragon bone is broad with fine patterns. Those possessing all five colors are top grade; those white with yellow hues are second grade. Black ones are of very low quality; pick them out and do not use. It genuinely sticks to the tongue after licking; only when crushed finely is it refined. Still, wash it with water (water levigation) to avoid adhering to the stomach and intestines. It fears Sichuan pepper, dried persimmon gall, and calcined gypsum; it is compatible with Realgar and Ginseng. It astringes the large intestine to stop diarrhea, and consolidates floating and逸逸 (escaping) righteous qi. It stops intestinal wind bleeding and leukorrhea/metrorrhagia in women, prevents nocturnal emission, and treats pediatric convulsions due to wind-heat. It repels evil influences and spirit entities, and removes intestinal abscesses and internal ulcers. It consolidates deficiency sweating, reduces urination, dissipates hard accumulations, and resolves phlegm-stasis masses. The classic states: "Astringency can treat prolapse/loss," which refers to this. Dragon Teeth (Longchi) (Small, strong, tooth-shaped.) Calms the mind and anchors the soul; urgently take for men and women suffering from chaotic evil dreams. Dragon Horns (Longjiao) (Strong and solid, rare in the world.) Expels fright and reduces fever; suitable for children with excessive phlegm and convulsions.
Dragon Saliva (Longxian) (Spit-out saliva, abundant in deep marshes.) Can be used to make incense. Dragon Brain (Longnao) (Very fat and soft.) Can stop dysentery. Dragon Dripping Water (Longyili) (Sticks to tree branches near water, resembling a cattail club shape and gray color.) Also known as Purple Tip Flower, it is an immortal pill for coldness and infertility. Dragon Womb (Longtaibao) (Emerges from mountain streams in Shu, resembling dry fish scales with a fishy odor, decocted together with Sedum and Saxifraga, it is a key medicine for amenorrhea.)
(Mo) Commentary: Luo Shi said: Dragons ascend to heaven at the Spring Equinox and hide in the abyss at the Autumn Equinox; they are the most spiritual of creatures. Secular writings describe dragons having three segments and nine resemblances. The three segments refer to the equal proportions from head to shoulder, shoulder to waist, and waist to tail. The nine resemblances are: horns like deer, head like horse, eyes like rabbit, neck like snake, belly like clam, scales like fish, claws like eagle, palms like tiger, ears like cow. On the head is an object like a Boshan censer, called Chi Mu (Ruler Wood). Without Chi Mu, a dragon cannot ascend to heaven. Its nature is fierce and violent; it fears iron, loves pearls/jade and Azurite, and craves roasted swallow meat. Therefore, those who have eaten swallows should not cross the sea. It is also said to fear Dong leaves and five-colored threads, so in Han times, they bound dragons with five-colored threads mixed with Dong leaves. In ancient times, there were Dragon Taming clans who could know its desires and aversions and control it. By exhaling, it forms clouds to cover its body, making it invisible to humans. Its sound is like striking a bronze plate, and its fluid can emit various fragrances. Dragon fire is opposite to human fire; it flares when wet and burns when meeting water. If pursued by fire, the burning ceases and the flame extinguishes.
*Weisheng Baojian* states: Dragon teeth calm the soul, tiger eyes stabilize the魄 (corporeal soul); each speaks of its own category. The Azure Dragon of the East is Wood, belonging to the Liver which stores the Hun (ethereal soul); the White Tiger of the West is Metal, belonging to the Lung which stores the Po (corporeal soul). Dragons can transform, thus the Hun wanders uncertainly; Tigers can remain still, thus the Po stays and guards. Therefore, for those whose Po is restless, treat with tiger eyes; for those whose Hun flies wildly, treat with dragon teeth. All things have inherent principles but do not speak; it depends on people to understand them.