性寒。无毒。干者勿用，新者捡来。解结缚殊功，散蓄热立效。腹中五金燥毒，
诸石药毒，并绞浓汁饮之；身上作肿恶疮，作痒热疮，悉调鸡清敷上。蚯蚓咬啮，亦堪
拓消。肉性微寒，补虚最胜。葛可久用治劳怯，白凤膏曾载方书。利小便消水肿胀满，
和脏
腑退卒热惊痫。择白毛黑嘴为佳，忌乌龟鳖肉同食。豆绿者亦堪入药，目白者有毒杀人。
血
调酒频吞，解诸毒极验。头作丸旋服，（古方有鸭头丸。）治水肿亦灵。卵寒去热
于心胸，食
多渐软其脚膝。爱婴儿者，不可不知。
\r野鸭肉\pj453.bmp\r
味甘，气凉。无毒。形类家鸭，翅能远飞。江北多生，冬月可食。（霜降后
立春前食胜家鸭。）虽冷而不动气，去热而能愈疮。（小疮久愈者，多食即差。）消食积和胃
轻身，退水肿补虚益力。除恶疮疖，驱热毒风。同食切忌三般，胡桃豆豉木耳。 又甚小者
，刀鸭呼之。味亦甘凉，食之补益。
（谟）按∶野鸭与家鸭有相似者，有全别者。尹子曰∶野鸭为凫，家鸭为 。 音木，
质木故
也。 性木，不能飞翔，如庶人守耕稼而已。故周官庶人执 ，即此观之，则 为家鸭明矣
。寇氏《衍义》引王勃云∶落霞与孤 齐飞。乃以 为野鸭，殊不知词人模写景象，托物启
兴而已，难以泥其形迹。况下条雁肪，《本经》亦以 名。此指雁末可知，若据此而以 为
野鸭，则凫又当为何鸭耶？
【白鸭屎】
性味寒。无毒。干燥的粪便不要使用，要选用新鲜的。它在解开结滞方面功效显著，能立即消除体内蓄积的热邪。对于腹中因服用五金（金、银、铜、铁、锡等金属药物）引起的燥毒，以及各类石药中毒，都可以将其绞取浓汁饮用；对于身上发生的肿胀恶疮、瘙痒热疮，都可以用鸡蛋清调和后敷在患处。被蚯蚓咬伤，也可以用其拓敷以消散肿痛。
【野鸭肉】
肉质性味微寒，补虚损的效果最好。葛可久曾用它治疗劳损怯弱之症，白凤膏也曾记载于医方书籍中。（注：此处原文语境似将鸭屎或鸭相关物与补虚联系，但根据下文“肉性微寒”及常识，前文主要讲鸭屎解毒，此处转折讲鸭肉补虚，或者指鸭整体效用。结合原文结构，“肉性微寒”紧接前文，通常指鸭肉。若指鸭屎则不合常理，故译为鸭肉）。它能通利小便，消除水肿胀满，调和脏腑，退除突发的热病惊痫。选择白毛黑嘴的为佳，忌与乌龟、鳖肉同食。豆绿色的（指鸭屎）也可以入药，眼睛白色的（指某种鸭或部位，此处疑为误植或特指，原文“目白者有毒杀人”，通常指某些禽类特征，此处保留原意）有毒，能致人死亡。用鸭血调酒频频吞服，解各种毒素非常有效。鸭头制成丸剂服用，（古方中有鸭头丸），治疗水肿也很灵验。鸭卵性寒，能去除心胸的热邪，吃多了会逐渐使脚膝软弱无力。爱护婴儿的人，不可不知道这些。
野鸭肉
味甘，气凉。无毒。外形像家鸭，翅膀能远飞。江北地区多生长，冬季可以食用。（霜降后到立春前食用，效果胜过家鸭。）虽然性冷但不耗气，能去热并能治愈疮疡。（小疮经久不愈的，多吃即可痊愈。）能消食积、和胃、轻身，退水肿、补虚、益力。能除恶疮疖肿，驱散热毒风邪。同食时切忌三种食物：胡桃、豆豉、木耳。又有一种很小的野鸭，称为刀鸭。味道也是甘凉的，食用有补益作用。
（陈嘉谟）按语：野鸭与家鸭有相似之处，也有完全不同的地方。尹子说：野鸭叫凫，家鸭叫䶮（yì，音木）。因为体质木质化所以不能飞翔，就像平民百姓只从事耕种一样。所以《周礼》中庶人执䶮，由此看来，䶮就是家鸭，这是很明确的。寇氏《衍义》引用王勃的诗句：“落霞与孤鹜齐飞。”却把鹜当作野鸭，殊不知词人是描写景象，借物起兴罢了，难以拘泥于具体形态。况且下条提到的雁肪，《本经》中也用“鹜”来命名。这里指的显然是雁的末端部分，如果据此就把鹜当作野鸭，那么凫又该是什么鸭呢？
[White Duck Droppings]
Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Do not use dried droppings; select fresh ones. It excels at resolving accumulations and stagnations, and is effective in dispersing accumulated heat. For dry toxins caused by metallic drugs (metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin) in the abdomen, and for poisoning from various mineral medicines, squeeze out a thick juice and drink it. For swellings, malignant sores, itching hot sores on the body, mix with egg white and apply externally. It can also be applied to reduce swelling from earthworm bites.
[Duck Meat]
The meat has a slightly cold nature and is excellent for tonifying deficiency. Ge Kejiu used it to treat consumption and weakness; "Baifeng Gao" (White Phoenix Paste) was recorded in medical formularies. It promotes urination, reduces edema and distension, harmonizes the zang-fu organs, and clears sudden heat, convulsions, and epilepsy. Select those with white feathers and black beaks as the best quality. Avoid consuming together with turtle and soft-shell turtle meat. Droppings that are bean-green in color can also be used in medicine; those with white eyes are toxic and can cause death. Swallow duck blood mixed with wine frequently to detoxify various poisons with great efficacy. Make pills from duck heads for oral administration (ancient formulas include "Yatou Wan" [Duck Head Pill]), which is also effective for treating edema. Duck eggs have a cold nature and clear heat from the chest and heart; excessive consumption may gradually weaken the legs and knees. Those who care for infants must know this.
Wild Duck Meat
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Cool. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Resembles domestic ducks but has wings capable of long-distance flight. Abundant in the Jiangbei region, edible in winter. (Consumption after Frost's Descent and before Beginning of Spring surpasses that of domestic ducks.) Although cold in nature, it does not deplete Qi; it clears heat and heals sores. (For small sores that heal slowly, frequent consumption leads to recovery.) It aids digestion, harmonizes the stomach, lightens the body, reduces edema, tonifies deficiency, and strengthens strength. It eliminates malignant sores and boils, and drives out heat-toxic wind. Three foods should strictly be avoided when eating wild duck: walnuts, fermented soybeans (douchi), and wood ear mushrooms. Another variety, very small in size, is called "Dao Ya" (Knife Duck). Its flavor is also sweet and cool, and consumption provides tonification.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Wild ducks and domestic ducks share similarities but also have distinct differences. Yin Zi stated: Wild ducks are called "Fu" (fú), while domestic ducks are called "Yi" (yì, pronounced mu). Because their constitution is "wood-like," they cannot fly, just as commoners stick to farming. Thus, in the *Rites of Zhou*, commoners presented "Yi," indicating clearly that "Yi" refers to domestic ducks. Kou Zongshi's *Yanyi* quoted Wang Bo's poem: "Falling clouds fly together with a lone wild duck (wu)." He interpreted "Wu" as wild duck. However, poets describe scenes and evoke emotions through objects; one should not rigidly adhere to literal forms. Moreover, in the following entry regarding "Goose Fat," the *Shennong Bencao Jing* also uses the term "Wu." This likely refers to the tail feathers or end part of the goose. If one were to identify "Wu" as wild duck based on this, then what would "Fu" be?