\r白鹅膏\pj454.bmp\r
味甘，气微寒。无毒。近水乡村多养，可辟溪毒；依山屋舍，但蓄即禁蛇虫。（谓
辟
溪毒禁蛇虫者，未必能食之，盖以威相制耳。）夜能提更，犹堪镇宅。苍鹅多食虫有毒，
发
诸疮疥，除射工最灵；白鹅不食虫性平，解脏热，止消渴极效。凡资食疗，惟白为宜。
两耳
卒聋，膏灌下通窍；一身粗涩，脂敷上润肥。尾与毛俱辟射工，仍烧灰治
卒噎须记；肉和卵
并
补脏腑，但食多发痼疾尤防。误吞稻刺塞喉，求涎旋咽；忽染溪毒着体，觅血遍
涂。蛇虫啮
伤，粪可敷愈。
\r雁肪\pj455a.bmp\r
白味甘，气平。无毒。多宿芦洲，亦居草渚。小白雁，大曰鸿，（《本经》条中又名
，恐差。）长幼行序不紊；寒投南，热投北，阴阳升降预知。常得气之中和，人故用为礼币
。一取其信，二则尚其和也。世人因之，不忍杀食。或谓天厌，道家谬言。入药觅肪，冬取
才
妙。六月七月，食之伤神。合豆黄为丸，能补劳瘦；单炼泸调酒，（酒一杯调肪一匙，空心
服。）专逐风挛。多服长毛发生须，久服壮筋骨助气。膏亦长发，用和泔水洗头；（亦
治耳聋
。）毛可驱痫，取与小儿带佩。（自落者妙。一说∶喉下白毛治惊痫尤效。）
白鹅膏
味道甘甜，性质微寒。无毒。靠近水边的乡村多饲养，可以预防溪水中的毒气；依山而建的房屋，只要蓄养白鹅就能禁止蛇虫进入。（所谓能预防溪毒、禁止蛇虫，未必是因为它们能被食用，大概是以威严来制约罢了。）夜间能报更，还可以镇守宅院。苍鹅多吃虫子且体内有毒，会引发各种疮疥，但治疗射工（一种水中毒虫）最为灵验；白鹅不吃虫子，性质平和，解除内脏热邪、止住消渴症效果极佳。凡是用于食疗，只有白鹅最合适。突然耳聋，用鹅膏滴入耳中可通窍；全身皮肤粗糙干涩，用鹅脂涂抹可使肌肤滋润丰润。鹅尾和鹅毛都能驱避射工，烧成灰后还能治疗突然噎食，务必记住；鹅肉和鹅卵一起食用能补益脏腑，但吃多了容易诱发顽固性疾病，尤其要防范。误吞稻刺卡在喉咙，寻求催吐涎液并随即咽下；忽然感染溪毒附着在身体上，寻找鹅血遍体涂抹。被蛇虫咬伤，用鹅粪敷贴即可痊愈。
雁肪
味道甘甜，性质平和。无毒。多栖息在芦苇洲渚，也居住在草丛水边。小的叫雁，大的叫鸿，《神农本草经》条目中还称为“鹄”，恐怕有误。长幼飞行次序不乱；寒冷时飞往南方，炎热时飞往北方，预先知晓阴阳之气的升降。常得天地中和之气，人们因此用它作为礼物币帛。一是取其守信，二是崇尚其和谐。世人因此不忍心杀害食用。有人说这是上天厌恶，那是道家的谬论。入药需寻找雁肪，冬季采集才妙。六月七月，食用会损伤精神。与豆黄混合制成丸剂，能补益虚劳消瘦；单独炼制的鹅脂调和酒饮用，（一杯酒调一匙鹅脂，空腹服用。）专门驱逐风邪引起的筋脉拘挛。多服能使毛发胡须生长，久服能强壮筋骨、助长元气。鹅膏也能促进头发生长，用来和淘米水洗头；（也能治疗耳聋。）鹅毛可以驱除癫痫，取来给小儿佩戴。（自然脱落的最好。另一种说法：喉下的白毛治疗惊痫尤为有效。）
Bai E Gao (White Goose Fat)
Sweet in taste, slightly cold in nature. Non-toxic. Commonly raised in villages near water, it can ward off toxins from streams; kept in houses at the foot of mountains, it prohibits snakes and insects. (The claim that it wards off stream toxins and prohibits snakes/insects is not necessarily because they are edible, but rather through intimidation.) It can keep watch at night and also serves to guard the residence. Cang E (Grey Goose) eats many insects and is toxic, causing various sores and scabies, but is most effective against She Gong (a poisonous aquatic insect); Bai E (White Goose) does not eat insects, has a neutral nature, and is extremely effective in clearing internal heat and stopping thirst. For dietary therapy, only Bai E is suitable. For sudden deafness, goose fat instilled into the ear opens the orifices; for rough and dry skin all over the body, applying goose fat moisturizes and plumps the skin. The tail and feathers both repel She Gong, and when burned to ash, they treat sudden dysphagia; this must be remembered. Meat and eggs together tonify the Zang-Fu organs, but excessive consumption may trigger chronic diseases, which requires caution. If rice awns are accidentally swallowed and block the throat, induce salivation and swallow it immediately; if suddenly infected with stream toxins adhering to the body, seek goose blood and smear it all over. For bites from snakes and insects, applying goose feces can heal the wound.
Yan Fang (Wild Goose Fat)
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. Often roosts on reed islets and also dwells on grassy shores. Small ones are called Yan, large ones Hong. (The *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists another name "Hu", which is likely incorrect.) They fly in orderly ranks of age and size; in cold weather they fly south, in hot weather north, anticipating the rise and fall of Yin and Yang. They naturally obtain the harmonious Qi of heaven and earth, hence people use them as ceremonial gifts. This is done first for their trustworthiness, and second for their harmony. People nowadays, because of this, cannot bear to kill and eat them. Some say Heaven detests it, which is a Daoist fallacy. For medicinal use, seek goose fat; collected in winter, it is excellent. In June and July, eating it damages the Spirit. Mixed with fermented soybean pills, it can tonify consumptive emaciation; alone refined and mixed with wine (one cup of wine mixed with one spoonful of goose fat, taken on an empty stomach), it specifically expels wind-induced spasms. Taking more promotes hair and beard growth; long-term use strengthens sinews and bones and boosts Qi. The fat also promotes hair growth; used with rice-washing water to wash the head (also treats deafness). Feathers can drive away epilepsy; taken and worn by children (naturally shed ones are best. Another theory: white feathers under the throat are especially effective for treating fright-epilepsy).