\r明州薯蓣\pj43.bmp\r
\r永康军薯蓣\pj44.bmp\r
（即山药，又名山芋。） 味甘，气温、平。无毒。南北州郡俱产，惟怀庆者独良。秋
采
曝干，灰藏不蛀。（柴灰同藏罐内，则不蛀坏。）性恶甘遂，共剂不宜。使天麦门冬紫芝，入
手足太阴两脏。治诸虚百损，疗五劳七伤。益气力润泽皮肤，长肌肉坚强筋骨。除寒热邪气
，烦热兼除；却头面游风，风眩总却。羸瘦堪补，肿硬能消。开心孔聪明，涩精管泄滑。理
脾伤止泻，参苓白术散频加；逐腰痛强阴，六味地黄丸当用。捣筛为粉，作糊甚粘。
久服不饥，延年耐老。
（谟）按∶山药能消肿硬，因能益气补中故尔。经曰∶虚之所在，邪必凑之。着而不去，
其病为实。非肿硬之谓乎？
故补其气，则邪滞自不容不行。丹溪云∶补阳气生者，能消肿硬，正
\r温州石斛\pj45.bmp\r
\r春州石斛\pj46.bmp\r
味甘，气平。无毒。多产六安，（州名，属南直隶。）亦生两广。（广东、广西。）茎
小有节，色黄类金。世人每以金钗石斛为云，盖亦取其象也。其种有二，细认略殊。生溪石
上者名石斛，折之似有肉中实；生栎木上者名木斛，折之如麦秆中虚。石斛有效
难寻，木斛无功易得。卖家多
采易者代充，不可不预防尔。恶凝水石巴豆，畏白僵蚕雷丸。以酒浸蒸，方宜入剂，却惊定
志，益精强阴。壮筋骨，补
虚羸，健脚膝，驱冷痹。皮外邪热堪逐，胃中虚火能除。浓肠胃轻身，长肌肉下气。
明州所产的薯蓣
永康军所产的薯蓣
（即山药，又名山芋。）味甘，药性属温或平。无毒。南北各州郡均有出产，只有怀庆府产的质量最好。秋季采收，晒干后，用草木灰贮藏可防止虫蛀。（将柴灰同存于罐内，则不会蛀坏变质。）其药性畏忌甘遂，不宜共同配方使用。若配伍天冬、麦冬、紫芝，可入手足太阴两经所属脏腑。治疗各种虚损和百种劳伤。益气力并润泽皮肤，促进肌肉生长，使筋骨坚强。祛除寒热邪气，烦热一并清除；驱除头面部的游风，风眩症状全部消除。身体消瘦者适宜进补，肿胀坚硬者可消散。开启心窍使人聪明，固涩精气以治遗精滑泄。调理脾脏损伤以止泻，常加入参苓白术散中；驱逐腰痛并强壮阴精，应当使用六味地黄丸。捣碎筛成粉末，制作糊状非常粘稠。长期服用可不感饥饿，延年益寿抗衰老。
（陈嘉谟）按语：山药能消除肿胀坚硬，是因为它能益气补中的缘故。医经说：正气虚弱之处，邪气必然聚集。邪气附着而不离去，病症就表现为实证。这不就是指肿胀坚硬吗？所以补益其正气，则邪气停滞自然无法停留而自行消散。朱丹溪说：补益阳气且能生发的药物，能够消除肿胀坚硬，正是
温州所产的石斛
春州所产的石斛
味甘，药性平。无毒。多产于六安州（州名，隶属南直隶），也生长在两广地区（广东、广西）。茎干细小且有节，颜色黄如金。世人常将其称为金钗石斛，大概也是取其形状相似之意。其品种有两种，仔细辨认略有不同。生长在溪边岩石上的名叫石斛，折断它感觉肉质充实；生长在栎树上的名叫木斛，折断它像麦秆一样中空。石斛药效难得易寻，木斛无功效却容易得到。卖家多采集容易得到的木斛来冒充，不可不预先防备。畏忌凝水石、巴豆，害怕白僵蚕、雷丸。用酒浸泡蒸制，才适宜入药方使用，能镇惊定志，益精强阴。强壮筋骨，补益虚羸，健旺脚膝，驱除冷痹。皮表的外邪热邪可被驱逐，胃中的虚火能够清除。浓密肠胃并轻身，促进肌肉生长并降气。
Shuyu produced in Mingzhou
Shuyu produced in Yongkang Jun
(That is, Dioscorea opposita, also known as Shan Yu.) Sweet in taste, warm or neutral in nature. Non-toxic. Produced in prefectures across the north and south, but those from Huaiqing are superior. Harvested in autumn, dried in the sun, and stored with ash to prevent insect damage. (Stored together with wood ash in jars, they will not be damaged by insects.) Its properties are incompatible with Kansui Radix (Kansui Root), so they should not be used together in a prescription. When combined with Asparagusus Tuber (Tian Dong), Ophiopogon Tuber (Mai Dong), and Ganoderma (Zi Zhi), it enters the Taiyin channels of the hand and foot. It treats various deficiencies and hundred types of exhaustion; tonifies Qi and strength, moistens the skin, promotes muscle growth, and strengthens bones and sinews. It dispels pathogenic cold and heat, eliminates irritability and fever; expels wandering wind from the head and face, and resolves vertigo due to wind. It tonifies emaciation and reduces swelling and hardness. It opens the mind's aperture to enhance intelligence, and astringes essence to treat seminal emission and slipping. It regulates spleen injury to stop diarrhea, often added to Shen Ling Bai Zhu San; it drives away lower back pain and strengthens Yin, requiring the use of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan. Pounded into powder and made into paste, it is very sticky. Long-term consumption prevents hunger, prolongs life, and delays aging.
(Mo) Commentary: Shanyao can reduce swelling and hardness because it tonifies Qi and supplements the middle. The Classics state: Where there is deficiency, pathogens inevitably gather. If they adhere and do not depart, the condition becomes excess. Is this not referring to swelling and hardness? Therefore, by tonifying its Qi, the stagnation of pathogens naturally cannot remain and dissipates on its own. Danxi said: Substances that tonify Yang Qi and promote generation can eliminate swelling and hardness, precisely
Shihu produced in Wenzhou
Shihu produced in Chunzhou
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. Mostly produced in Lu'an Prefecture (a prefecture name, belonging to Nan Zhili), and also grows in Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi). The stem is small with nodes, yellowish like gold. People often refer to it as Jinchai Shihu, likely taking its shape as reference. There are two varieties, slightly different upon close inspection. Those growing on stream rocks are named Shihu, which feel solid when broken; those growing on oak trees are named Mujhu, which are hollow inside like wheat stalks when broken. Genuine Shihu has efficacy but is hard to find; Mujhu has no efficacy but is easy to obtain. Sellers often harvest the easy-to-get Mujhu to pass off as genuine, so one must take precautions. It is incompatible with Ningshuishi and Croton Seed (Badou), and fears White Stiff Silkworm (Bai Jiangcan) and Polyporus Umbellatus (Leiwan). Soaked in wine and steamed, it is suitable for inclusion in prescriptions. It calms fright and stabilizes the spirit, benefits essence and strengthens Yin. It strengthens bones and sinews, tonifies deficiency and emaciation, strengthens legs and knees, and dispels cold bi-syndrome. It expels external pathogenic heat from the skin, and clears deficient fire in the stomach. It thickens the intestines and stomach, lightens the body, promotes muscle growth, and directs Qi downward.