经云∶“味咸”，即是肉也。人采肉以供馔，及干至都下，北人遂为珍味。肉与壳
两可用，方家宜审用之。然皆治目，壳研，水飞，点磨外障翳。登、莱州甚多。
小儿惊热药中多用。河北塘、泺中亦有。围及寸者，色多微红。珠母与廉州珠母不相
类，但清水急流处，其色光白，水浊及不流处，其色暗。余如经。
秦龟，即生于秦者。秦地山中多老龟，极大而寿。龟甲即非只秦地有，四方皆有之，
但取秦地所出大者为胜。今河北独流、钓台甚多，取龟筒治疗，亦入众药。只此二种，各逐
本条。以其灵于物，方家故用以补心，然甚有验。
治心经风热。生者入药，盖性味全也。既入汤火中，即不堪用，为器物者是矣。与生
熟犀其义同。
至阴之物也，其鳞故三十六。阴极则阳夏，所以《素问》曰∶“鱼，热中。”王叔和
曰
∶“热即生风。”食之，所以多发风热，诸家所解并不言。《日华子》云“鲤鱼凉”，今不
取，只取《素问》为正。万一风家更使食鱼，则是贻祸无穷矣。
今人谓之黑鲤鱼，道家以谓头有星为厌。世有知之者，往往不敢食。又发故疾，亦须
忌尔。今用之疗病，亦只取其一端耳。
形少类獭，有四足，腹重坠如囊，身微紫色。尝剖之，中有三小蟹，又有四五小石块
，如指面许，小鱼五七枚。然无鳞，与 、鳝相类。今未见用者。
《神农本草经》记载：“味咸”，指的就是它的肉。人们采集其肉用来烹饪，并晒干运送到京城，北方人便将其视为珍奇美味。它的肉和壳两者都可以使用，医家应当仔细斟酌选用。然而它们都用于治疗眼疾，将壳研磨后用水飞法处理，用于点磨或外敷治疗眼部翳障。登州、莱州出产的很多。
小儿惊热类药方中经常使用它。河北地区的池塘、湖泊中也有生长。直径达到一寸左右的，颜色多呈微红色。珠母贝与廉州产的珠母贝并不相同，在清水急流处生长的，颜色光亮洁白；在水质浑浊及不流动处生长的，颜色暗淡。其余特性如《本草经》所述。
秦龟，即生长在秦地（今陕西一带）的龟。秦地山中有很多老龟，体型极大且寿命长。龟甲并非只有秦地才有，各地都有，但取用秦地产的大个龟甲效果更佳。如今河北独流、钓台等地盛产，人们取用龟筒（龟腹甲）进行治疗，也加入多种药物中。仅这两种龟，分别在各自主治条目下详述。因为龟被认为具有灵性，医家因此用它来补益心脏，而且疗效非常显著。
用于治疗心经风热。生用的入药，是因为其性味完整。一旦经过汤煮或火烧，就不堪使用了，那些被制成器物的是已经加工过的。这与生犀角和熟犀角的道理相同。
龟是至阴之物，所以它的鳞片通常是三十六片。阴气极盛则阳气萌发于夏季，所以《素问》说：“鱼，热中。”王叔和说：“热极则生风。”食用鱼肉，所以容易诱发风热之症，各家解释都不曾提及这一点。《日华子本草》说“鲤鱼凉”，现在不予采纳，只以《素问》为准。万一患有风病的人再吃鱼，那就是留下无穷的后患了。
现在人称它为黑鲤鱼，道家认为头有星纹的是厌胜之物。世上知道这一说法的人，往往不敢食用。此外，它也会引发旧疾，也必须忌口。如今用它来治病，也只是取其某一方面的功效罢了。
外形略微像水獭，有四只脚，腹部沉重下垂如囊袋，身体呈微紫色。曾经剖开过，里面有三只小螃蟹，还有四五块小石块，大小如手指面，以及五七条小鱼。但是它没有鳞片，与鲮鱼、黄鳝相似。如今未见有人使用它。
The *Classic of Materia Medica* (Shennong Bencao Jing) states: "Salty in taste," referring to its meat. People harvest the meat for culinary use, dry it, and transport it to the capital, where northerners regard it as a delicacy. Both the meat and the shell are usable; practitioners should exercise careful judgment in their application. However, both are used to treat eye disorders. The shell is ground and processed by water levigation (shui fei), then applied externally or rubbed on the eyes to treat leukoma (yì zhàng). They are abundant in Dengzhou and Laizhou.
It is frequently used in formulas for pediatric convulsive fever. It is also found in ponds and lakes in Hebei. Those with a diameter of one cun often have a slightly reddish hue. The pearl oyster differs from those produced in Lianzhou; those growing in clear, fast-flowing waters have a bright white luster, while those in turbid or stagnant waters appear dull. Other characteristics remain as described in the Classic.
Qin turtle refers to turtles native to Qin territory (modern Shaanxi). The mountains of Qin contain many old turtles that are exceptionally large and long-lived. Turtle shell is not exclusive to Qin, as it is available everywhere, but the large specimens from Qin are considered superior. Currently, Duoliu and Diaotai in Hebei produce them abundantly; the plastron (guī tǒng) is harvested for treatment and incorporated into various prescriptions. These two types are detailed under their respective entries. Because the turtle is believed to possess spiritual qualities, practitioners use it to tonify the Heart, and this application has proven highly effective.
It treats wind-heat affecting the Heart channel. Fresh specimens are used in medicine because they retain their complete nature and flavor. Once subjected to boiling or fire, they become unsuitable for medicinal use, having been transformed into artifacts. This principle is analogous to the distinction between raw and prepared rhinoceros horn (Xījiǎo).
The turtle is a substance of extreme Yin, hence its scutes number thirty-six. When Yin reaches its extremity, Yang emerges in summer; thus, the *Suwen* states: "Fish causes heat in the middle." Wang Shuhe stated: "Heat generates wind." Consumption of fish can therefore induce wind-heat conditions, a point overlooked by other commentators. While *Ri Hua Zi Bencao* claims "Carp is cool," this view is rejected here in favor of the authority of the *Suwen*. If individuals suffering from wind disorders consume fish, it may lead to endless complications.
Currently, it is called black carp. Daoists consider those with star-like markings on the head to be objects of taboo. Those aware of this belief often refrain from eating it. Furthermore, it may exacerbate chronic diseases and must be avoided. In current medical practice, only specific aspects of its properties are utilized for treating illness.
Its shape somewhat resembles an otter, possessing four feet, with a heavy, sagging abdomen like a pouch, and a body of slight purple hue. Upon dissection, three small crabs, four or five small stones (about the size of a fingernail), and five to seven small fish were found inside. However, it lacks scales and resembles *Lín* (silver-scaled loach) and eel. It is currently not in use.