俗名章柳根。春生苗。高三四尺。叶如羊舌而长。其茎青赤。至柔脆。夏秋开
根如萝卜而长。八九月采之。有赤白二种。
味酸辛。气平。有毒。（白者苦冷。赤者有毒。）阳中之阴。沉也。降也。其性下行。
专于
痹。熨除
治喉痹
水气者。
意也。（类明）
小便利。即肿消
一夜。晒干为末
或取根杂鲤鱼熬汤
效。（嘉谟） 赤根
脓。或捣烂加盐。总
多取商陆根捣汁。或蒸之。
生商陆根汁一升。杏仁一两
酒下。以利恶物为度。 石
湿漏诸疖。
〔论〕 商陆春令生苗。采根于八九月。本阳之气以至阴。而归于阴之气分。用治石水
之病
阴少
之阴
痈暴症及
阴虚。
故治阳水
当绎方
而标
标之
者。
尽化
与大戟甘遂异性而同功。胃气虚弱者。不可用。（濒湖） 赤者但可贴肿。服之伤人。
利血不
〔修治〕 铜刀刮去皮。薄切。东流水浸三日。取出。和绿豆同蒸半日。去豆。晒干或
焙用
生西凉者上。汴沧吴者次之。（日华子） 苗似泽漆。茎短小。而叶有汁。其根皮赤肉
白。作连珠。大如指头。实重者良。一种草甘遂。乃是蚤休。疗体全别。苗亦不同。根皮白
色。（苏恭颂）
根
味苦甘。气大寒。有毒。阴草也。 洁古曰。纯阳也。 瓜蒂为之使。恶远志。反甘草
。主下五水。治大腹（即水蛊） 疝瘕。腹满（水气之聚） 面目浮肿。除留饮。去痰水。
利
囊肿
（仲
为痰饮
景治
末涂腹
用甘遂
喘胀。
息。大
晨热汤
生研为
温酒
血室
及妇人心风血邪。用遂心丹。甘遂二钱为末。以猪心取三管血和药。入猪心内缚定。纸裹煨
熟。取末。更入辰砂末一钱。分作四丸。每服一丸。即将猪心煎汤调下。大便下恶物为效。
不下再服。 按以上方。皆就其切于治。标者录之。若当从缓而治本。必不可尝试。故不采
也。
〔论〕 甘遂气味苦寒。为阴。乃洁古更曰纯阳。何哉。此正先生察物之精。后学诣不
至此
周身
而
也。
是已
气所
即
也
缪氏。虽善下水除湿而性阴毒。能耗损真气。亏竭津液。必察病属湿热。有饮有水而元
气
〔修事〕 面包煨熟。以去其毒。然后入用。
【商陆根】
俗名章柳根。春天生苗。高三四尺。叶子像羊舌头且长。茎呈青红色，非常柔脆。夏秋开花。根像萝卜一样长。八九月采收。有赤、白两种。
味酸、辛。气平。有毒。（白色的味苦性冷，红色的有毒。）属于阳中之阴。性质沉降。具有降泄的作用。其药性下行。专门用于治疗……痹证（此处原文有缺漏，推测为“逐水”或类似含义，但依规则不增添内容，故译为“专于治疗痹证”或保留语境中的缺失感，结合后文“治喉痹”，此处可能指通利水道以除痹）。熨敷可去除……治疗喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞）。治疗水气病者，意在使小便通畅，小便通利则肿胀消退。一夜之间，晒干研为粉末。或者取根部与鲤鱼一起熬汤。有效。（嘉谟记载）赤色根部……脓液。或者捣烂加盐。总之……多取商陆根捣汁，或者蒸熟。生商陆根汁一升，杏仁一两，用酒送服，以利出恶物为度。石……湿漏各种疖肿。
〔论〕 商陆在春季生苗，八月九月采根。本具阳气而至阴，归于阴气之分。用于治疗石水病。阴少……之阴……痈暴症及阴虚。所以治疗阳水……应当推究方义……而标……标之……者。尽化……与大戟、甘遂性质不同但功效相同。胃气虚弱的人，不可使用。（濒湖记载）赤色的只能贴敷消肿，服用会伤人。利血不……
〔修治〕 用铜刀刮去外皮，薄切。用东流水浸泡三天。取出。和绿豆一起蒸半天。去掉豆子。晒干或焙干使用。
产于西凉的为上品，汴、沧、吴地产的次之。（日华子记载）苗像泽漆，茎短小，叶有汁液。根皮红肉白，呈连珠状，大如手指头，质地重的为好。有一种草叫甘遂，其实是蚤休，疗效完全不同，苗也不同，根皮白色。（苏恭《本草拾遗》记载）
【甘遂】
味苦、甘。气大寒。有毒。是阴草。洁古说：纯阳也。瓜蒂为其引经药。厌恶远志。反甘草。主治下五水。治疗大腹（即水蛊）、疝瘕、腹满（水气积聚）、面目浮肿。去除留饮，祛除痰水。利……囊肿。（仲景治疗喘胀息促，晨起热汤……生研为末，温酒……血室及妇人心风血邪，用遂心丹。甘遂二钱研为末，用猪心取三管血和药，放入猪心内绑紧，纸裹煨熟，取末，再加入辰砂末一钱，分作四丸。每服一丸，即将猪心煎汤调下。大便下恶物为效。不下再服。按以上方剂，都是针对其切于治标的情况记录的。如果应当从缓而治本，必不可尝试。所以不采纳。
〔论〕 甘遂气味苦寒，属阴，但洁古又说纯阳，为什么呢？这正是先生察物精微之处，后学造诣不到这里。周身……气所……即是……缪氏认为，虽然善于下水除湿但性阴毒，能耗损真气，亏竭津液。必须察看病属湿热，有饮有水而元气……
〔修事〕 面包煨熟，以去除其毒性。然后入药使用。
[Phytolaccae Radix]
Commonly known as Zhangliu Gen. Sprouts emerge in spring, growing three to four chi high. The leaves are long and resemble those of a sheep's tongue. The stems are greenish-red and extremely brittle. Flowers bloom in summer and autumn. The root is elongated like a radish. Harvested in the eighth and ninth lunar months. There are two varieties: red and white.
Taste: sour and acrid. Nature: neutral. Toxic. (The white variety is bitter and cold; the red variety is toxic.) It belongs to Yin within Yang. It sinks and descends. Its action moves downward. It specializes in treating bi syndrome (obstruction syndrome). External application can remove... Treats throat bi (sore throat with obstruction). For treating water qi disorders, the intent is to promote urination; when urination becomes smooth, edema subsides. Within one night, dried and ground into powder. Alternatively, boil the root together with carp. Effective. (Recorded by Jiamo) Red root... pus. Or mash and add salt. In general... Take abundant Phytolaccae Radix juice, or steam it. One sheng of fresh Phytolaccae Radix juice, one liang of Apricot Kernels, taken with wine, until foul matter is discharged. Shi... Wet sores and various boils.
[Discussion] Phytolaccae sprouts in spring, roots are harvested in August and September. It possesses Yang Qi yet reaches Yin, returning to the Yin Qi aspect. Used to treat Shui Water disease (stone water). Yin deficiency... Yin... Sudden abscesses and Yin deficiency. Therefore, for treating Yang Water... One should deduce the prescription logic... regarding the branch... treating the branch... Those who exhaust transformation... It differs from Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Kansui Radix in nature but shares the same efficacy. It should not be used by those with weak Stomach Qi. (Recorded by Binhu) The red variety can only be applied externally to reduce swelling; ingestion harms the body. Promotes blood discharge not...
[Processing] Scrape off the skin with a copper knife, slice thinly. Soak in flowing water from the east for three days. Remove. Steam together with mung beans for half a day. Remove the beans. Dry in the sun or bake before use.
Those produced in Xiliang are superior; those from Bian, Cang, and Wu are inferior. (Recorded by Rihua Zi) The sprout resembles Euphorbiae Thunbergianae Herba, with short stems and juicy leaves. The root skin is red and flesh is white, forming a beaded appearance, about the thickness of a finger. Those that are heavy and solid are good. There is a herb called Kansui, which is actually Paris Polyphylla, with completely different therapeutic effects and different sprouts; its root skin is white. (Recorded by Su Gong in Bencao Shiyi)
[Kansui Radix]
Taste: bitter and sweet. Nature: very cold. Toxic. It is a Yin herb. Jiegu said: Pure Yang. Gualti (Melon Stalk) acts as its guide. It dislikes Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix). It is incompatible with Gancao (Licorice Root). It primarily treats the "Five Waters" below. Treats Da Fu (water distension), Shanxia (abdominal masses), abdominal fullness (accumulation of water qi), facial and ocular edema. Removes retained fluids, expels phlegm-water. Promotes... Cystic swelling. (Zhongjing treats wheezing and distension, morning hot soup... Grind raw into powder, warm wine... Blood chamber and women's heart wind and blood evil, use Suixin Dan. Two qian of Kansui Radix ground into powder, take three tubes of blood from a pig heart to mix with the medicine, place inside the pig heart, tie securely, wrap in paper and roast until cooked, take the powder, add one qian of Cinnabar powder, divide into four pills. Take one pill per dose, decoct the pig heart in soup to wash down. Effect is achieved when foul matter is passed in stool. If not passed, take again. According to the above prescriptions, they are recorded because they address the branch symptoms urgently. If one should treat the root slowly, it must not be attempted. Therefore, they are not adopted.
[Discussion] Kansui has a bitter and cold taste and is Yin, yet Jiegu also calls it Pure Yang. Why? This precisely reflects the master's exquisite observation of substances, an attainment beyond the reach of later learners. Whole body... Qi... That is... Miao Shi believes that although it excels at draining water and removing dampness, its nature is Yin and toxic, capable of depleting true Qi and exhausting body fluids. One must examine whether the disease belongs to Damp-Heat, with retained fluid and water accumulation, while Yuan Qi...
[Processing] Roast in dough until cooked to remove its toxicity. Then use in prescriptions.