一名没石子。出波斯国及大食诸番。虫蚀成孔者入药。
味苦。气温。 主温中和气。益血生精。乌髭发。治肠虚冷痢。阴疮阴汗阴毒痿。（烧
灰用） 脱肛及齿病。小儿疳 冷滑不禁。为固涩精气要药。 同莲须女贞南烛枸杞首乌地
黄黄精旱莲草术人参。能乌须发。 同牡蛎覆盆五味枸杞车前地黄莲须龙骨鹿茸沙苑鱼鳔砂
仁黄柏。能补益精气。治梦遗泄精。 血痢不止。没石子一两为末。饭丸小豆大。食前。米
饮下五十丸。 产后下痢。没石子一个。烧存性。研末。酒服。热即用饮下。日二。 小儿
冷积泻。没石子木香黄连当归青皮各二钱半。阿魏一分。酒化。入面少许。令匀糊丸。 阴
汗。没石子烧灰。先以汤浴了。布裹灰扑之。甚良。
〔论〕 无食子益阴而收。与肉豆蔻之益气而收者不同。故血痢及女子产后痢。用之最
宜。然气味苦温。取其直益阴中之气。为血生之源。精化之本。（如冷痢及冷滑不禁。因于
阴气之益而得止。即谓之收敛。亦无不可。然究之不以收为功也。）李 言疗阴毒痿。夫阳
聚为毒。人皆知之。今言痿乃由于阴毒者。以真阴不得行其化。然后 聚而为毒也。经曰。
冲任脉皆起于胞中。上循背里。为经络之海。其浮而外者。循腹右上行。会于咽喉。别而络
唇口。血气盛则充肤热肉。血独盛则淡渗皮肤。生毫毛。兹味之用。为乌须要药。盖于冲任
之脉大有脾益。可参于血气盛血独盛之义。而知益血生精之应矣。 人身有阳气阴气之分。
此味能补阴气。为益血生精之本。
凡湿热郁于肠胃为赤白痢兼积滞多者。弗用。（仲淳）
〔修治〕 用颗小无 米者。弗犯铜铁。并被火惊。 先取浆水于砂盆中研。焙干再研
。如乌犀色。入药。
无食子，又名没石子。产于波斯国及大食等番邦地区。被虫蛀蚀成孔的用于入药。
味苦，性温。主要功效为温中和气，益血生精，使胡须头发变黑。治疗肠虚冷痢、阴疮、阴汗、阴毒痿（烧成灰后使用）、脱肛以及牙齿疾病。对于小儿疳积引起的冷滑泄泻且无法控制的情况，是固涩精气的关键药物。与莲须、女贞子、南烛、枸杞、何首乌、地黄、黄精、旱莲草、白术、人参配伍，能使胡须头发变黑。与牡蛎、覆盆子、五味子、枸杞、车前子、地黄、莲须、龙骨、鹿茸、沙苑子、鱼鳔、砂仁、黄柏配伍，能补益精气，治疗梦遗、滑精。
治疗血痢不止：取没石子一两，研为细末，用米饭制成如小豆大小的丸剂，饭前服用，米汤送服五十丸。
治疗产后下痢：取没石子一个，烧至存性（保留药性），研为细末，用酒送服；若伴有热象则立即用饮液送服，每日两次。
治疗小儿冷积泻：取没石子、木香、黄连、当归、青皮各二钱半，阿魏一分，用酒化开，加入少许面粉，调和均匀制成糊丸。
治疗阴汗：将没石子烧成灰，先用热水洗浴患处，然后用布包裹药灰扑擦患处，效果很好。
【论述】
无食子具有益阴收敛的功效，这与肉豆蔻益气收敛的作用不同。因此，在治疗血痢及女子产后痢疾时，使用无食子最为适宜。然而，其气味苦温，取其直接补益阴中之气，作为生血之源、化精之本。（例如冷痢及冷滑不禁，因补益阴气而得以止住，这也可以称为收敛作用，但究其根本，并非以收敛为主要功效。）李言认为无食子可治疗阴毒痿证。阳气聚集成为毒邪，人们都知道这一点。如今说痿证是由于阴毒所致，是因为真阴不能正常行使化生功能，然后才聚集成毒。《内经》记载：冲脉和任脉都起于胞中，向上沿脊柱内部上行，是经络之海。其中浮行于体表的分支，沿腹部右侧上行，会合于咽喉，分支联络口唇。气血旺盛则充盈肌肤、温暖肌肉；血液特别旺盛则渗透皮肤，生长毫毛。无食子的作用，是使胡须头发变黑的要药，它对冲任二脉大有裨益，可以参照“血气盛则充肤热肉，血独盛则淡渗皮肤生毫毛”的道理，从而理解其益血生精的应验之理。人体有阳气和阴气的区分，此药能补益阴气，是益血生精的根本。
凡是湿热郁结于肠胃，导致赤白痢疾且兼有较多积滞的患者，不宜使用。（仲淳评注）
【炮制】
选用颗粒小且无虫米的药材。避免接触铜铁器，并防止被火惊吓（指避免高温骤变）。先取浆水在砂盆中研磨，焙干后再研磨。若呈现乌犀色，即可入药。
Wushi Zi (Galla Chinensis), also known as Meishi Zi, originates from Persia and various regions of Dashi. The galls perforated by insects are used in medicine.
It is bitter in taste and warm in nature. It primarily warms the middle jiao and harmonizes qi, nourishes blood, generates essence, and darkens beard and hair. It treats intestinal deficiency-cold dysentery, yin sores, yin sweating, yin-toxic impotence (used after being calcined to ash), rectal prolapse, and dental diseases. For pediatric malnutrition accompanied by cold, slippery diarrhea that cannot be controlled, it is a crucial herb for consolidating and astringing essence and qi. When combined with Lotus Stamen (Lianxu), Ligustrum Lucidum Fruit (Nvzhenzi), Myrsine Officinalis Root Bark (Nanzhu), Lycium Chinense Fruit (Gouqi), Polygonum Multiflorum Root (Shouwu), Rehmannia Glutinosa Root (Dihuang), Polygonatum Sibiricum Rhizome (Huangjing), Eclipta Prostrata Herb (Hanliancao), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu), and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), it can darken beard and hair. When combined with Oyster Shell (Muli), Raspberry (Fupenzi), Schisandra Chinensis Fruit (Wuweizi), Lycium Chinense Fruit (Gouqi), Plantago Asiatica Seed (Cheqianzi), Rehmannia Glutinosa Root (Dihuang), Lotus Stamen (Lianxu), Dragon Bone (Longgu), Deer Antler (Lurong), Astragalus Complanatus Seed (Shayuanzi), Fish Swim Bladder (Yubiao), Amomum Villosum Seed (Sharen), and Phellodendron Amurense Bark (Huangbai), it can tonify and benefit essence and qi, treating nocturnal emission and seminal leakage.
For unremitting bloody dysentery: Take 1 liang of Wushi Zi, grind into fine powder, make pills the size of small beans using rice paste, take before meals, and swallow 50 pills with rice water.
For postpartum dysentery: Take one Wushi Zi, calcine until the carbonized state remains (burnt but retaining efficacy), grind into powder, and administer with wine; if heat signs are present, immediately administer with liquid drink, twice daily.
For pediatric cold accumulation diarrhea: Take 2 qian 5 fen each of Wushi Zi, Aucklandia Root (Muxiang), Coptis Chinensis Rhizome (Huanglian), Angelica Sinensis Root (Danggui), and Tangerine Peel (Qingpi), and 1 fen of Asafoetida Resin (awei). Dissolve in wine, add a little flour, mix evenly, and form paste pills.
For yin sweating: Calcine Wushi Zi to ash. First bathe the affected area with hot water, then wrap the ash in cloth and apply/pat it onto the skin. This is very effective.
[Discussion]
Wushi Zi benefits yin and has an astringent property, which differs from Nutmeg (Roudoukou) that benefits qi and has an astringent property. Therefore, it is most suitable for treating bloody dysentery and postpartum dysentery in women. However, its flavor is bitter and warm, taking advantage of its ability to directly benefit the qi within yin, serving as the source for generating blood and the foundation for transforming essence. (For instance, cold dysentery and uncontrollable cold slippery diarrhea may stop due to the benefit of yin qi; this can be termed astringency, although fundamentally, its action is not primarily based on astringency.) Li Yan stated that Wushi Zi treats yin-toxic impotence. It is well known that yang qi aggregation forms toxicity. Now, stating that impotence arises from yin toxicity implies that true yin fails to perform its transformative functions, leading to aggregation and toxicity formation. The Classics state: The Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) and Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) both originate from the uterus, ascend along the interior of the back, and serve as the sea of meridians. Their branches floating outward ascend along the right side of the abdomen, meet at the throat, and branch off to connect with the lips and mouth. When blood and qi are abundant, they fill the skin and warm the flesh; when blood is particularly abundant, it permeates the skin and generates body hair. The use of this herb is a key remedy for darkening beard and hair, greatly benefiting the Chong and Ren vessels. One can refer to the principles of "abundant blood and qi filling skin and warming flesh" and "excess blood permeating skin and generating hair" to understand the efficacy of nourishing blood and generating essence. The human body is divided into yang qi and yin qi. This herb can tonify yin qi, serving as the foundation for nourishing blood and generating essence.
It should not be used for patients with damp-heat stagnation in the intestines and stomach causing red-and-white dysentery accompanied by significant food stagnation. (Commentary by Zhong Chun)
[Processing]
Select small grains without insect holes. Avoid contact with copper and iron vessels, and prevent exposure to sudden fire or shock. First, grind in a sand mortar using Jiangshui (fermented grain water), dry by roasting, and grind again. If it turns the color of black rhinoceros horn, it is ready for medicinal use.