春生苗。多在浅水中。吐似牛舌。独茎而长。秋时开白花作丛。秋末采根。曝干用。
味咸甘淡。气寒。沉而降。阳也。入足太阳少阴轻。逐湿行水。去三焦膀胱停水留垢。
伐
渗湿热。治泄精。及疝痛香港脚。肾脏风疮。去阴间汗。除阴湿之圣药。（洁古）去脬中留垢。
以味咸。能泻伏水故也。（易老）脾胃有湿热。则头重而目昏耳鸣。渗去其湿。则热亦随去。
而土气得令清气上行。天气明爽。故仲景用治支饮苦冒。使之降而奏功也。（濒湖）下焦湿
热致精泄者。宜投之。（嵩）八味丸之用泽泻。取其伐肾邪。起阴气。助补
多服病患眼。（扁鹊）降令太过。清气不升。真阳潜耗故也。（濒湖）无疾服之。令人目
（洁古）水肿昼剧夜平者。阳水也。泽泻同二苓术芍人参陈皮赤豆桑皮治之。多服必
剧昼平者。阴水也。同车前赤苓生地白芍薏仁木瓜石斛赤豆桑皮治之。多服必愈。同
苓半夏陈皮紫苏。治一切停饮停水。饮证病甚欲眩者。用泽泻五两。炒术二两。水三
煎服。必效。肾脏风疮。泽泻皂荚水煮烂。焙研。炼蜜丸梧子大。空心。温酒下十五丸
十丸。
〔论〕泽泻本水草。味咸气寒。的入水脏。为逐湿行水之捷药。然咸得有甘。此濒湖所
谓淡
其能起
如中焦阳衰
焦膀胱病于
相火郁于肝。
泽泻皆治之
升以达阳。
则阳郁而
致肾气虚
及支饮苦
茯苓汤下
化而水行
病患无湿无饮而阴虚。及肾气乏绝。精滑作泻。目虚不明等候。咸禁。
〔辨治〕不油不蛀者良。细锉。酒浸一宿。漉出。晒干用。一法。米泔浸。去毛蒸。或
捣碎
春季生长出苗。多生长在浅水中。叶片形状像牛舌。茎干单独且细长。秋季开出白花，呈丛生状。秋末采集根部，晒干后使用。
味道咸、甘、淡。性质寒凉。药性沉降，属阳（注：此处原文“沉而降。阳也”可能有误或特指某种阴阳属性划分，通常沉降属阴，但依原文直译并保留术语）。主要入足太阳膀胱经和足少阴肾经。能驱逐湿气、通行水液。去除三焦和膀胱中停滞的水液及污垢。
渗利湿热。治疗遗精。以及疝气疼痛、脚气病、肾脏风疮。消除阴部汗出。是去除阴部湿气的圣药。（洁古）去除膀胱中的残留污垢。因为味道咸，能够泻除潜伏的水邪。（易老）脾胃有湿热时，会出现头重、眼睛昏花、耳鸣的症状。通过渗利去除湿气，热邪也会随之而去。于是脾土之气得以舒展，清气上升，天气（比喻人体上部清窍）明亮清爽。所以张仲景用它来治疗支饮（痰饮的一种）引起的头部沉重眩晕，使其下降而奏效。（濒湖）下焦湿热导致精液外泄的，适宜服用它。（嵩）八味丸中使用泽泻，是取其伐除肾中邪气、起发阴气、辅助补益的作用。
多服会让患病的人眼睛（不适/视力受损）。（扁鹊）如果降令太过，导致清气不升，真阳潜藏耗散，就会如此。（濒湖）没有疾病的人服用，会让人眼睛（出现问题）。（洁古）水肿症状白天加重夜间减轻的，属于阳水。用泽泻配合二苓（茯苓、猪苓）、白术、白芍、人参、陈皮、赤小豆、桑白皮治疗。多服必然（病情）加剧。白天减轻夜间加重的，属于阴水。用泽泻配合车前子、赤茯苓、生地黄、白芍、薏苡仁、木瓜、石斛、赤小豆、桑白皮治疗。多服必然痊愈。配合茯苓、半夏、陈皮、紫苏，治疗各种停饮停水。饮水证病情严重想要眩晕的，用泽泻五两，炒白术二两，加水三碗煎煮服用。必定有效。治疗肾脏风疮，用泽泻和皂荚用水煮烂，焙干研末，炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。空腹时，温酒送服十五丸或十丸。
〔论〕泽泻本是水草，味道咸，性质寒，确实入水脏（肾），是驱逐湿气、通行水液的快捷药物。然而咸味中需得有甘淡之性，这是李时珍所说的它能起发阳气（注：结合上下文推测，原文此处可能有缺字或语意连贯性问题，按逻辑补全理解）。如中焦阳气衰弱，相火郁结于肝，导致肾气虚及支饮苦冒等症，泽泻都能治疗。通过升提以通达阳气，则阳气郁结得以化解而水液运行。对于没有湿气、没有停饮但阴虚，以及肾气乏绝、精滑作泻、眼睛虚弱不明等情况，都严禁服用。
〔辨治〕不油腻、不虫蛀的质量好。细细切碎，用酒浸泡一夜，捞出，晒干使用。另一种方法：用米泔水浸泡，去毛蒸制，或者捣碎使用。
The shoots emerge in spring. They mostly grow in shallow water. The leaves resemble ox tongues. There is a single, long stem. In autumn, white flowers bloom in clusters. The roots are harvested at the end of autumn and used after sun-drying.
The taste is salty, sweet, and bland. The nature is cold. It sinks and descends, belonging to Yang (Note: Textual anomaly; typically sinking/descending is Yin, but translated as per source). It enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Channel lightly. It expels dampness and promotes the movement of fluids. It removes stagnant water and turbid residues from the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) and the Bladder.
It渗利 (promotes urination to leach out) damp-heat. It treats seminal emission. It also treats hernia pain, Hong Kong foot (podagra/gouty arthritis), kidney wind sores, and perspiration in the genital region. It is a supreme herb for eliminating dampness in the yin region. (Jiegu) It removes residual turbidity in the bladder. This is because its salty taste can drain latent water pathogenic factors. (Yilao) When there is damp-heat in the Spleen and Stomach, symptoms such as heavy head, blurred vision, and tinnitus occur. By promoting urination to remove dampness, heat is removed along with it. Consequently, the Qi of Earth (Spleen) is allowed to function, clear Qi ascends, and the "heavenly weather" (upper orifices) becomes bright and crisp. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing uses it to treat *Zhi Yin* (fluid retention causing dizziness/heaviness), allowing it to descend and achieve efficacy. (Binhu) For seminal leakage caused by damp-heat in the Lower Jiao, it is suitable to administer this herb. (Song) In the *Ba Wei Wan* (Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), Ze Xie is used to subdue kidney pathogens, raise Yin Qi, and assist tonification.
Taking it in excess causes eye problems for patients. (Qianque) If the descending function is excessive, preventing clear Qi from ascending, and causing the True Yang to sink and dissipate, this occurs. (Binhu) Taking it without illness causes eye issues in people. (Jiegu) Edema that worsens during the day and improves at night is Yang Water. It is treated with Ze Xie combined with Er Ling (Fu Ling/Poria and Zhu Ling/Tremella), Bai Zhu/Atractylodes Macrocephala, Bai Shao/Paeonia Lactiflora, Ren Shen/Ginseng, Chen Pi/Tangerine Peel, Chi Dou/Adzuki Bean, and Sang Pi/Morus Alba Bark. Excessive consumption will inevitably aggravate the condition. Edema that improves during the day and worsens at night is Yin Water. It is treated with Ze Xie combined with Che Qian Zi/Plantago Seed, Chi Fu Ling/Red Poria, Sheng Di Huang/Rehmannia Glutinosa Root, Bai Shao/Paeonia Lactiflora, Yi Yi Ren/Coix Seed, Mu Gua/Chaenomeles Fruit, Shi Hu/Dendrobium, Chi Dou/Adzuki Bean, and Sang Pi/Morus Alba Bark. Excessive consumption will inevitably lead to recovery. Combined with Fu Ling/Poria, Ban Xia/Pinellia Tuber, Chen Pi/Tangerine Peel, and Zi Su/Perilla Leaf, it treats all forms of fluid retention. For severe fluid retention cases where dizziness is imminent, use five liang of Ze Xie and two liang of stir-fried Bai Zhu, decocted in three bowls of water. It will be effective. For kidney wind sores, boil Ze Xie and Zao Jia/Gleditsia Sinensis in water until soft, dry them, grind into powder, and make pills with refined honey the size of wu zi (loquat seeds). Take fifteen or ten pills on an empty stomach with warm wine.
[Discussion] Ze Xie is originally an aquatic plant. Its taste is salty and its nature is cold. It truly enters the Water Organ (Kidney) and is a swift herb for expelling dampness and promoting fluid movement. However, the salty flavor must be accompanied by sweet/bland properties, which is what Binhu referred to when saying it can raise Yang Qi. For example, if Middle Jiao Yang is deficient, or Minister Fire is constrained in the Liver, leading to Kidney Qi deficiency and *Zhi Yin* dizziness, Ze Xiao can treat these conditions. By ascending to reach Yang, the constrained Yang is resolved, and water moves. For patients without dampness or fluid retention but with Yin deficiency, or those with exhausted Kidney Qi, seminal leakage, diarrhea, and blurred vision, it is strictly contraindicated.
[Differentiation and Treatment] Those that are not oily and not worm-eaten are of good quality. Finely chop them, soak in wine overnight, strain out, sun-dry, and use. Another method: soak in rice washing water, remove hairs, steam, or crush.