有 牛水牛二种牛即黄牛。
黄牛肉
气味甘温。 安中益气。养脾胃。补气与黄 同功。（韩 ）倒仓法。（出自西域异人）
用肥嫩牡黄牛肉二十斤。洗极净。长流水煮成糜。去渣取液。再熬成琥珀色。（即名霞天膏）
收之。每饮一钟。旋至数十钟。寒月温而饮。病在上则令吐。在下则令利。在中则令吐利。
（在人活变）吐利后必渴。即服其所出之溲一二碗。（亦可荡涤余垢）睡二日。乃食淡粥。
养半月。精神强健。沉 悉亡。须五年忌牛肉。凡人七情五味。有伤中宫。停痰积血。互相
纠缠。发为瘫痪劳瘵蛊胀。成形成质。为窠为臼。以生百病。而中宫愆和。自非丸散所能去
也。此法以牛属坤土。黄为土色。肉者胃之药也。熟而为液。无形之物也。服后由肠胃而透
肌肤毛窍爪甲。无所不到。在表者因吐而得汗。在清道者自吐而去。在浊道者自利而除。有
如洪水泛涨。陈 皆顺流而去。盎然涣然。润泽枯槁。而有精爽之乐也。（丹溪）
霞天膏
气味甘温。 主治中风偏废。口眼歪斜。痰涎壅塞。五脏六腑留痰宿饮癖块。手足皮肤
中痰核。 胃为水谷之海。胃病则水谷不能以时运化。羁留而为痰饮。壅塞经络。则为积痰
老痰结痰等证。阴虚内热生痰则为偏废。口眼歪斜。留滞肠胃则为宿饮癖块。随气上涌则为
喘急迷闷。流注肌肉则为结核。惟霞天膏以脾胃所主之物。治脾胃所生之病。实能搜剔一切
留结无遗也。又阴虚内热之人。水涸火炽。煎熬津液。往往凝结为痰。胶固难散。亦须以此
和竹沥贝母橘红苏子栝蒌根枸骨叶之类消之。（仲淳）
霞天曲
以橘皮白茯苓苏子白寇仁半夏苍术为曲。治脾胃湿痰。 以橘皮贝母苏子栝蒌根及仁硼
砂为曲。治积热痰结。
乳（黄牛者佳。黑牛更胜。）
味甘。气微寒。 凡服乳。必煮一二沸。停温啜之。热食即壅。（生饮令人利。热饮令
人口干。）顿服亦易壅。与酸物相反。令人腹中症结。合生鱼食作瘕。患冷气人忌服。（藏器）
主治补虚羸。养心肺。解热毒。下热气。治反胃热哕。润大肠。（反胃噎膈大便燥结。宜牛
羊乳时时咽之。弗用人乳。有饮食之毒。七情之火也。）治气痢。（同荜茇煎服。一寒一热。
能和阴阳。）除疸黄。老人煮食有益。（老人因血液枯燥。恒致上热下虚。此味润枯而上热除。
即能下行以补虚矣。） 同人乳羊乳梨汁芦根汁蔗浆熬膏。时时饮之。治反胃噎膈大便燥结。
兼止消渴。 气痢。用牛乳半斤。荜茇三钱。同煎减半。空腹顿服。 下虚消渴。心脾中热。
下焦虚冷。小便多者。牛羊乳每饮三四合。（此合于冷补下热气之说） 病后虚弱。取七岁
下五岁上黄牛乳一升。水四升。煎取一升。稍稍饮。至十
髓（黑牛黄牛 牛者良）
气味甘温。 补中填骨髓。续绝伤。平胃气。通十二经脉。 治瘦病。以黑牛髓地黄汁
白蜜等分。煎服。 补精润肺。壮阳助胃。用炼牛髓四两。胡桃肉四两。杏仁泥四两。山药
末半斤。炼蜜一斤。同捣成膏。以瓶盛汤。煮一日。每服一匙。空心服之。
胆（腊月取黄牛青牛者）
味苦。气大寒。 腊月酿槐子服。明目（非风热者不宜用）治疳湿弥佳。 酿南星末阴
干。治惊风有奇功。 酿黑豆。百日后取出。每夜吞一枚。镇肝明目。（
白水牛喉
疗反胃吐食。 取一具。去两头节。并筋膜脂肉。及如阿胶黑片收之。临时旋炙。用米
醋一盏浸之。微火炙干。淬之。再炙再淬。醋尽为度。研末。浓纸包收。或遇阴湿时。微火
烘之再收。遇此疾每服一钱。食前。陈米饮下。轻者一服立效。名正胃散。（此病至七八日
大便不通。必死。服此十痊八九。）
角 （即角尖中坚骨。一名角胎。）
味苦甘。气温。 主下闭血。瘀血疼痛。女人带下血。燔之。酒服。（本经） 黄牛者
烧之。主血崩。大便下血。血痢。 水牛者烧之。止血崩。赤白带下。冷痢泻血。
附方 妊娠下恶血不止。龙骨散。用龙骨当归地黄炒芍药地榆干姜阿胶艾叶蒲黄。以牛
角为君。服之。 大便下血。黄牛角 一具 末。煮豉汁。服二钱。日三。神效。 赤白
带下。牛角 烧令烟断。附子以盐水浸七度去皮。等分为末。每空心酒服二钱匕。
〔论〕 牛角本筋之粹。骨之余。而 又角之精也。乃厥阴少阴血分之药。血为真阴之
化醇。肾主至阴。肝为血脏。牛属土而益太阴之脾。其角之精者烧而用之。可以和三阴之气。
更
牛分为水牛和黄牛两种，其中“牛”即指黄牛。
黄牛肉
气味甘温。能安定中焦、补益元气，滋养脾胃，其补气功效与黄芪相同。（韩祗和）倒仓法。（源自西域异人）
取肥嫩公牛黄牛肉二十斤，洗净至极干净，用长流水煮成肉糜，滤去渣滓取得汁液，再熬制成琥珀色。（这就叫做霞天膏）
收集起来。每次饮用一钟，逐渐增加到数十钟。寒冷月份需温热后饮用。病位在上则令其呕吐，病位在下则令其泻下，病位在中间则令其既吐又泻。（根据人体情况灵活变通）吐泻之后必然口渴，随即服用自己所排出的尿液一两碗。（也可以清除体内剩余的污垢）睡眠两天后，才吃清淡的粥。调养半个月，精神强健，沉疴痼疾全部消除。此后必须五年内忌食牛肉。大凡人的七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）和五味（酸、苦、甘、辛、咸），如果损伤了中宫（脾胃），导致停痰积血，互相纠缠，引发瘫痪、劳瘵、蛊胀等疾病，形成有形之质，成为病邪的巢穴，从而产生各种疾病。而中宫失调，绝非丸药散剂所能去除。此法认为牛属坤土，黄色为土色，牛肉是胃的药引。煮熟化为液体，属于无形之物。服用后由肠胃透达肌肤、毛发、毛孔、爪甲，无处不到。在表层的病邪因呕吐而随汗排出，在清道（上焦）的病邪自然通过呕吐去除，在浊道（下焦）的病邪自然通过泻下清除。如同洪水泛滥，陈旧的污秽都顺流而去，气息盎然，涣然冰释，润泽枯槁的身体，带来神清气爽的快乐。（朱丹溪）
霞天膏
气味甘温。主治中风导致的半身不遂，口眼歪斜，痰涎壅塞，五脏六腑留存的痰饮癖块，手足皮肤中的痰核。胃是水谷之海，胃病则水谷不能按时运化，滞留成为痰饮，壅塞经络，就形成积痰、老痰、结痰等证候。阴虚内热生痰则导致偏废、口眼歪斜；留滞肠胃则为宿饮癖块；随气上涌则为喘急迷闷；流注肌肉则为结核。只有霞天膏以脾胃所主之物，治疗脾胃所生之病，确实能搜剔一切留结而无遗漏。另外，阴虚内热之人，水涸火炽，煎熬津液，往往凝结为痰，胶固难散，也必须以此配合竹沥、贝母、橘红、苏子、栝蒌根、枸骨叶等药物来消解它。（张景岳/仲淳）
霞天曲
用橘皮、白茯苓、苏子、白豆蔻仁、半夏、苍术制作成药曲。治疗脾胃湿痰。
用橘皮、贝母、苏子、栝蒌根及仁、硼砂制作成药曲。治疗积热痰结。
乳（以黄牛乳为佳，黑牛乳更好。）
味甘，气微寒。凡是服用乳汁，必须煮沸一二滚，待温度适宜时啜饮。热食就会壅滞。（生饮使人腹泻，热饮使人口干。）一次性顿服也容易壅滞。与酸性食物相反，令人腹中出现症结。与生鱼同食会形成瘕积。患有冷气的人忌服。（陈藏器）
主治补益虚弱羸瘦，滋养心肺，解除热毒，降下热气，治疗反胃、热性呃逆，润燥大肠。（反胃噎膈、大便燥结者，宜常咽牛羊乳，不要用有人乳，因为有人乳含有饮食之毒和七情之火。）治疗气痢。（与荜茇同煎服用，一寒一热，能调和阴阳。）消除黄疸。老人煮食有益。（老人因血液枯燥，常导致上热下虚，此味滋润枯槁使上热消除，又能下行以补虚。）与人乳、羊乳、梨汁、芦根汁、蔗浆一起熬膏，时时饮用，治疗反胃噎膈、大便燥结，兼治消渴。气痢，用牛乳半斤，荜茇三钱，同煎至减半，空腹顿服。下虚消渴，心脾有热，下焦虚冷，小便多者，牛羊乳每次饮用三四合。（这与冷补、降下热气的说法相符。）病后虚弱，取七岁以下五岁以上的黄牛乳一升，加水四升，煎取一升，慢慢饮用，直到十……
髓（黑牛、黄牛、水牛的骨髓均好）
气味甘温。补益中气，填补骨髓，接续绝伤，平调胃气，通达十二经脉。治疗瘦病，用黑牛髓、地黄汁、白蜜等分，煎服。补精润肺，壮阳助胃，用炼过的牛髓四两，胡桃肉四两，杏仁泥四两，山药末半斤，炼蜜一斤，一同捣成膏，用瓶子盛装，隔水煮一天。每次服用一匙，空腹服用。
胆（腊月选取黄牛或青牛的胆）
味苦，气大寒。腊月酿入槐子服用，明目（非风热者不宜使用）。治疗疳积湿症极佳。酿入南星末阴干，治疗惊风有奇效。酿入黑豆，一百天后取出，每晚吞服一枚，镇肝明目。
白水牛喉
治疗反胃吐食。取一个咽喉部位，去掉两头关节，以及筋膜脂肉，像阿胶一样的黑片，收集起来。临时用火烤炙，用一盏米醋浸泡，微火烤干，淬入醋中，再烤再淬，直到醋用完为止。研成粉末，用厚纸包好收藏，如果遇到阴湿天气，微火烘干后再收藏。遇到此病，每次服用一钱，饭前，用陈米汤送下。轻者一次见效，名叫正胃散。（此病到了七八天大便不通，必死无疑，服用此药十人能愈八九人。）
角（即角尖中间的硬骨，一名角胎。）
味苦甘，气温。主治下部闭阻出血，瘀血疼痛，妇女带下血，烧灰后用酒送服。（《本经》）黄牛角烧灰，主治血崩，大便下血，血痢。水牛角烧灰，止血崩，赤白带下，冷痢泻血。
附方 妊娠期间下恶血不止，龙骨散。用龙骨、当归、地黄、炒芍药、地榆、干姜、阿胶、艾叶、蒲黄，以牛角为君药，服用。大便下血，用黄牛角一具研末，煮豉汁，服用二钱，每日三次，神效。赤白带下，将牛角烧至烟断，附子用盐水浸泡七次去皮，等分为末，每次空腹酒服二钱匕。
〔论〕 牛角本是筋的精华，骨的余绪，又是角的精粹。它是厥阴、少阴血分的药物。血是真阴化生的醇厚物质，肾主至阴，肝为血脏。牛属土而益太阴之脾，其角的精粹部分烧后使用，可以调和三阴之气，更……
Oxen are divided into two types: water buffalo and yellow cattle, where "ox" refers to the yellow cattle.
Yellow Cattle Meat
The flavor is sweet and the nature is warm. It can stabilize the middle jiao, replenish primordial qi, nourish the spleen and stomach, and its qi-tonifying efficacy is equivalent to that of Huangqi (Astragali Radix). [Han Zhihe] Daocang Method. (Originated from a foreigner from the Western Regions.)
Take twenty jin of fat and tender male yellow cattle meat, wash it extremely clean, boil it in running water until it becomes a paste, filter out the dregs to obtain the liquid, and further boil it until it turns amber-colored. (This is called Xiatiang Gao / Rosy Sky Paste.)
Collect it. Drink one zhong each time, gradually increasing to dozens of zhong. In cold months, drink it when warmed. If the disease is located in the upper part, induce vomiting; if in the lower part, induce purgation; if in the middle, induce both vomiting and purgation. (Flexibly adapt according to the patient's condition.) After vomiting and purging, thirst will inevitably occur; immediately consume one or two bowls of one's own urine. (This can also cleanse residual impurities.) Sleep for two days, then eat plain congee. After half a month of nourishment, spirit becomes robust, and chronic ailments are completely eliminated. For five years thereafter, beef must be avoided. Generally, the seven emotions (joy, anger, worry, thought, sadness, fear, fright) and five flavors (sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, salty), if they damage the middle palace (spleen and stomach), causing phlegm retention and blood stasis to entangle each other, may lead to paralysis, consumptive disease, gu distension, etc., forming tangible masses that become nests for pathogens, thereby generating various diseases. Middle palace disharmony cannot be removed by pills or powders alone. This method considers ox as Kun Earth, yellow as the color of Earth, and meat as medicine for the stomach. Cooked into liquid, it becomes an formless substance. After ingestion, it penetrates from the intestines and stomach to the skin, muscles, hair, pores, and nails, reaching everywhere. Pathogens on the exterior are expelled via sweat through vomiting; those in the clear pathways (upper jiao) are naturally removed by vomiting; those in the turbid pathways (lower jiao) are cleared by purgation. It is like a flood rising, carrying away old filth downstream, leaving the breath abundant and relaxed, moistening withered parts, and bringing joy to clarity and vigor. [Zhu Danxi]
Xiatiang Gao (Rosy Sky Paste)
The flavor is sweet and the nature is warm. It mainly treats hemiplegia caused by wind-stroke, deviation of the mouth and eyes, obstruction by phlegm-saliva, retained phlegm-fluids and mass-forming pathologies in the five zang and six fu organs, and phlegm nodules in the skin of hands and feet. The stomach is the sea of water and grain; when the stomach is diseased, water and grain cannot be transformed and transported on time, stagnating to become phlegm-fluids. Obstructing the meridians leads to conditions such as accumulated phlegm, old phlegm, and knotted phlegm. Yin deficiency with internal heat generating phlegm leads to hemiplegia and deviation of the mouth and eyes; stagnating in the intestines and stomach results in retained fluid masses; surging upward with qi causes panting and confusion; flowing into muscles forms tubercles. Only Xiatiang Gao, using substances governed by the spleen and stomach to treat diseases generated by them, truly searches out and eliminates all retained knots without omission. Furthermore, in individuals with yin deficiency and internal heat, where water is depleted and fire blazes, boiling body fluids often condense into phlegm that is sticky and hard to disperse. Such cases also require this paste combined with Zhuli (Bambusae Succus), Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum), Suzi (Perillae Fructus), Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix), and Gugu Ye (Ilicis Cornutae Folium) to resolve it. [Zhang Zhongchun]
Xiatiang Qu (Rosy Sky Medicinal Leaven)
Made from Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Baifuling (Poria), Suzi (Perillae Fructus), Baikouren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), and Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). Treats spleen-stomach damp-phlegm.
Made from Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Suzi (Perillae Fructus), Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) and its seeds, Pengsha (Borax). Treats heat-accumulation phlegm-knots.
Milk (Yellow cattle milk is best; black cattle milk is superior.)
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is slightly cold. When consuming milk, it must be boiled for one or two boils, cooled to a warm temperature, and then sipped. Hot consumption causes obstruction. (Raw consumption causes diarrhea; hot consumption causes dry mouth.) Taking a large dose at once also easily causes obstruction. It opposes sour substances, causing abdominal masses. Eating it with raw fish creates jia accumulations. Those with cold qi should avoid it. [Chen Cangqi]
It mainly tonifies deficiency and emaciation, nourishes the heart and lungs, resolves heat toxins, descends rising heat, treats regurgitation and hot hiccups, and moistens the large intestine. (For regurgitation, dysphagia, and dry stool, frequent swallowing of cow or sheep milk is suitable, avoiding human milk, which contains dietary toxins and fire from the seven emotions.) Treats qi-dysentery. (Boiled with Bibo (Long Pepper Fruit), one cold and one hot, harmonizing yin and yang.) Eliminates jaundice. Beneficial for the elderly when cooked and eaten. (Elderly people often suffer from upper heat and lower deficiency due to dry blood; this taste moistens dryness, clears upper heat, and descends to tonify deficiency.) Combined with human milk, sheep milk, pear juice, reed rhizome juice, and cane syrup to make a paste, drunk frequently, it treats regurgitation, dysphagia, dry stool, and also stops xiaoke (wasting-thirst). For qi-dysentery, use half a jin of cow milk and three qian of Bibo, decoct until reduced by half, take on an empty stomach in one dose. For lower deficiency xiaoke, heat in heart and spleen, lower jiao cold deficiency, and polyuria, drink three to four he of cow or sheep milk each time. (This aligns with the theory of cold tonification and descending heat.) For post-illness weakness, take one sheng of milk from a yellow calf aged between five and seven years, add four sheng of water, decoct to obtain one sheng, drink slowly, up to ten...
Marrow (Black cattle, yellow cattle, and water buffalo marrow are good.)
The flavor is sweet and the nature is warm. Tonifies the middle, fills the bone marrow, repairs severe injuries, regulates stomach qi, and unblocks the twelve meridians. Treats wasting disorders. Use equal parts of black cattle marrow, Rehmannia juice, and white honey, decoct and take. Tonifies essence, moistens lungs, strengthens yang, assists the stomach. Use four liang of refined cattle marrow, four liang of walnut meat, four liang of almond paste, half a jin of Chinese yam powder, and one jin of refined honey. Pound together into a paste, store in a bottle, and simmer in water for one day. Take one spoon each time on an empty stomach.
Gallbladder (Select gallbladders from yellow or green cattle in the twelfth lunar month.)
The flavor is bitter, and the nature is greatly cold. Stuff with Sophora seeds in the twelfth lunar month and take to brighten the eyes (not suitable for non-wind-heat cases). Excellent for treating gan syndrome with dampness. Stuff with Pinellia powder, dry in shade, and it has miraculous effects for treating convulsions. Stuff with black soybeans, remove after one hundred days, swallow one pill every night to calm the liver and brighten the eyes.
White Water Buffalo Throat
Treats regurgitation and vomiting of food. Take one throat section, remove the two ends and joints, along with fascia, fat, and meat. Collect pieces resembling dark sheets of donkey-hide gelatin. Roast temporarily over fire, soak in one zhan of rice vinegar, roast dry over low fire, quench in vinegar, repeat roasting and quenching until the vinegar is exhausted. Grind into powder, pack in thick paper for storage. If stored during humid weather, dry lightly over fire before storing again. For this disease, take one qian per dose before meals, washed down with aged rice water. Mild cases show immediate effect after one dose. Named Zhengwei San (Stomach-Correcting Powder). (If this disease persists for seven or eight days without bowel movement, death is inevitable; taking this powder cures eight or nine out of ten cases.)
Horn (Refers to the solid bone in the tip of the horn, also known as Jiaotai.)
The flavor is bitter and sweet, and the nature is warm. Mainly treats lower closure bleeding, pain from blood stasis, and leukorrhea with blood in women. Calcined and taken with wine. (Shennong Bencao Jing) Calcined yellow cattle horn mainly treats metrorrhagia, bloody stools, and bloody dysentery. Calcined water buffalo horn stops metrorrhagia, treats red and white leukorrhea, cold dysentery, and bloody diarrhea.
Supplementary Formulas For continuous bleeding of evil blood during pregnancy, Longgu San (Dragon Bone Powder). Use Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Chao Shaoyao (Prepared Paeoniae Radix Alba), Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini), Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium), and Puhuang (Typhae Pollen), with cattle horn as the sovereign drug. Take. For bloody stools, use one piece of yellow cattle horn ground into powder, decoct with Vigna angularis juice, take two qian, three times daily. Miraculous effect. For red and white leukorrhea, calcine cattle horn until smoke ceases, process Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) by soaking in salt water seven times and peeling, mix in equal parts into powder, take two qian-bi with wine on an empty stomach.
[Discussion] Cattle horn is essentially the essence of sinew, the remnant of bone, and the quintessence of the horn. It is a medicine for the blood aspect of the Jueyin and Shaoyin channels. Blood is the mellow transformation of true yin; the Kidney governs extreme yin, and the Liver is the organ of blood. Ox belongs to Earth and benefits the Taiyin Spleen. Its horn's quintessence, when calcined and used, can harmonize the qi of the three yin channels, and further...