出北山及冤句越山江淮河陕汉黔诸州。根色白似菱。有三角。角头生芽。节有毛。质极
粘腻。
根味苦辛甘。气微寒。性涩而收。阳中之阴。肺药也。紫石英为之使。恶理石。畏李核
杏仁。反乌头。止肺血。疗肺伤。敷痈肿恶疮败疽。伤阴死肌。（此阳毒之伤其阴血者）除
白癣疥虫结热不散。止惊邪血邪。并刀箭疮伤火疮。生肌止痛。（诸本草）方书治咯血。小
便不禁。为面药。凡金疮不瘥。及痈疽方多用之。能入血分。泄热散结。逐腐。第其性涩。
破散中又有收敛。盖去瘀即以生新之药也。（仲淳）凡吐血不止。宜加白芨。（丹溪）试血法。
吐在水碗内浮者。肺血也。沉者。肝血也。半浮半沉者。心血也。各随所见。以羊肺羊肝羊
心煮熟。蘸白芨末。日日食之。（濒湖）一味为细末。米饮调三钱服。治损肺吐血。有奇效。
得白蔹红药子。加脑麝乳没。治一切痈疽肿毒。止痛散结排脓。有神。
附案 一妇年五旬。素因血虚生热化风。遍体有疙瘩。经年不愈。久之。少阳相火并于
阳明而患喉痹。疾暴势甚。喉中陡痒。作嗽气呛。遍喉血泡累累。上 一泡。大如鸡卵。口
塞不合。气涌更急。少顷。泡破血射如注。其皮尽脱。溃烂红肿。痛不可忍。且满口痰涎。
如羹如糊。此其为血泡。为喉皮溃烂。皆热壅于上。阴气大伤。缘汤药难吞。遂以养阴退阳
活血止痛诸药为末。或吹或点。诸证渐退。奈喉中皮溃而肌未生。痛不止。且因皮破致时作
嗽而血随出。后于吹药中。入白芨磨浆合丸。日夜噙化之。所患悉愈。可知此味和阴护阳。
乃能生肌。止痛。理或然也。
〔论〕白芨得秋金之令。性涩而收。其根色白。金气之所聚也。结实黄黑者。金气之由
母而趋子也。观其似菱有三角。角头生芽。质极粘腻。则其气之所急归。归于其子矣。惟金
水子母之气全。故咯血之治是为的对。至采根当以八九月者。专取归阴之盛气也。其味先苦
后辛。气复微寒。从下而上。以致阴气于肺。盖即收令中而有泄热散结之能。不仅着长于收
涩。总之。此味治肺伤有专功。肺主皮毛。为天表之阳。阳在上焦。无阴则不能化也。
缪氏曰。痈疽已溃。不宜同苦寒药服。
〔修治〕水洗。入丸。可磨汁作糊。
白芨产于北山以及冤句、越山，江淮、河陕、汉黔等各个州郡。其根部颜色洁白，形状像菱角。具有三个角，角的顶端生出芽，节上有毛，质地非常粘腻。
根的味道苦、辛、甘，气微寒，性质涩而收敛，属于阳中之阴，是入肺经的药物。紫石英作为它的引经药（使药）。它不适宜与理石同用，畏惧李核和杏仁，与乌头相反。它能止住肺部的出血，治疗肺部损伤，外敷可治痈肿、恶疮及败疽。对于因阳毒损伤阴血的情况（此指阳毒之伤其阴血者），能去除白癣、疥虫引起的结热不散，止住惊邪和血邪，并治疗刀箭创伤及火烫伤，能促进肌肉生长并止痛。（以上观点出自诸本草）方书中记载用于治疗咯血、小便失禁，也可作为美容面膜使用。凡是金属利器造成的创伤久不愈合，以及痈疽类疾病，大多使用它。它能进入血分，泄热散结，祛除腐肉。只是它的性质涩滞，在破散瘀血的同时又有收敛作用，可以说是通过去除瘀血来促进新血生成的药物。（仲淳语）凡是吐血不止的，应当加入白芨。（丹溪语）试血法：将吐出的血放入水碗中，浮在水面的是肺血，沉在水底的是肝血，半浮半沉的是心血。根据所见情况，分别用煮熟的羊肺、羊肝、羊心蘸取白芨粉末，每天食用。（濒湖语）单味药研成细末，用米汤调服三钱，治疗损肺吐血，有奇效。配合白蔹、红药子，加入冰片、麝香、乳香、没药，可治疗一切痈疽肿毒，止痛、散结、排脓，效果神奇。
附医案：一位五十岁左右的妇女，素来因血虚生热化风，全身长疙瘩，多年不愈。久而久之，少阳相火并入阳明经，导致喉痹。病情暴发且势头很猛，喉咙突然发痒，引发咳嗽和气呛，整个喉咙布满累累的血泡，上面一个血泡大如鸡蛋，嘴巴塞住无法闭合，气息急促更甚。片刻后，血泡破裂，血液喷射如注，皮肤全部脱落，溃烂红肿，疼痛难忍。而且满口痰涎，像羹汤一样浓稠。这些血泡和喉部皮肤溃烂，都是热气壅塞于上焦，阴气严重受损所致。因为汤药难以吞咽，于是将养阴退阳、活血止痛等药物研成粉末，或吹入咽喉或点涂患处，各种症状逐渐消退。无奈喉咙皮肤溃烂但肌肉未生，疼痛不止，且因皮肤破损导致时常咳嗽并随咳出血。后来在吹药中加入磨成浆状的白芨制成丸剂，日夜含化。患病全部痊愈。可知此药调和阴气、保护阳气，才能生肌止痛，道理或许就是这样。
〔论述〕白芨顺应秋季金气的时令，性质涩而收敛。其根颜色洁白，是金气聚集之处。果实结实呈黄黑色，是金气由母（金）趋向子（水）的表现。看它形状像菱角有三个角，角头生芽，质地极粘腻，说明其气机急切地归于其子（水）。只有金水子母之气完备，所以治疗咯血是对证的。至于采挖根部应当在八月九月进行，专门摄取归阴旺盛的气机。它的味道先苦后辛，气又微寒，从下而上，将阴气输送到肺。这正是在收敛之中具有泄热散结的能力，不仅仅擅长于收涩。总之，此药治疗肺部损伤有专长。肺主皮毛，是天表之阳，阳气在上焦，没有阴气就不能化生。
缪氏说：痈疽已经溃破，不宜与苦寒药同服。
〔炮制〕用水清洗。用于丸剂，可以磨汁做成糊状。
Baiji (Bletillae Rhizoma) is produced in Beishan, as well as Yuanju and Yuexue, and various prefectures such as Jianghuai, Heshan, Hanqian. The rhizome is white in color, resembling a water caltrop. It has three angles, with buds sprouting from the tips of the angles, and hairs at the nodes. The texture is extremely viscous.
The taste of the rhizome is bitter, acrid, and sweet; its nature is slightly cold. Its properties are astringent and consolidating, belonging to Yin within Yang. It is a herb entering the Lung meridian. Zi Shiying (Purple Quartz) serves as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Lishi (Gypsum Fibrosum), and fears Lihe (Prunus salicina seed) and Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum). It is chemically antagonistic to Wutou (Aconiti Radix). It stops pulmonary hemorrhage, treats lung injury, and when applied externally, treats carbuncles, sores, malignant ulcers, and necrotic gangrene. For conditions where Yang toxicity injures Yin blood (this refers to Yang toxicity injuring Yin blood), it eliminates heat stagnation caused by white tinea and scabies parasites, stops fright evil and blood evil, and treats knife or arrow wounds as well as burns. It generates flesh and relieves pain. (According to various Materia Medica texts) Formulary books record its use for treating hemoptysis, urinary incontinence, and as a facial mask. It is frequently used in formulas for non-healing metallic injuries and carbuncles/gangrene. It can enter the Blood level, clear heat, dissipate nodules, and expel pus/necrotic tissue. However, due to its astringent nature, while it breaks up stasis, it also has a consolidating effect. It is essentially a herb that generates new tissue by removing stasis. (Zhongchun's commentary) For unceasing hematemesis, Baiji should be added. (Danxi's commentary) The "Test Blood Method": Spitting blood into a bowl of water: if it floats on the surface, it is Lung blood; if it sinks to the bottom, it is Liver blood; if it is half-floating and half-sinking, it is Heart blood. According to the observation, cooked sheep lung, liver, or heart should be dipped in Baiji powder and consumed daily. (Bencao Gangmu/Linhu's commentary) A single ingredient ground into fine powder, taken with rice water (3 qian), treats damaged lung hematemesis with miraculous efficacy. Combined with Bailian (Ampelopsis Radix) and Hongyaizi (Paeoniae Rubra Radix), plus Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum), Shexiang (Moschus), Ruxiang (Olibanum), and Moyao (Myrrha), it treats all kinds of carbuncles, sores, swelling, and toxins, relieving pain, dissipating nodules, and draining pus with divine results.
Attached Case: A woman around fifty years old, constitutionally prone to heat generating wind due to blood deficiency, had bumps all over her body that did not heal for years. Over time, Shaoyang Ministerial Fire merged with the Yangming channel, causing throat bi obstruction. The disease erupted violently. Her throat suddenly became itchy, triggering coughing and airway choking. The entire throat was covered with numerous blood blisters, one of which was as large as a chicken egg, blocking her mouth so she could not close it, with urgent gasping breath. Shortly after, the blister ruptured, spraying blood like a gush. The skin peeled off completely, becoming ulcerated, red, swollen, and unbearably painful. Her mouth was full of phlegm and saliva, thick like gruel. These blood blisters and throat skin ulcerations were caused by heat congestion in the upper jiao and severe injury to Yin Qi. Because decoctions were difficult to swallow, herbs for nourishing Yin, retreating Yang, invigorating blood, and relieving pain were ground into powder, either insufflated or applied locally. Symptoms gradually subsided. However, the throat skin remained ulcerated without flesh regeneration, and pain persisted. Due to the broken skin, she experienced frequent coughing accompanied by bleeding. Later, Baiji paste was added to the insufflation powder to form pills, which were held in the mouth day and night. The ailment completely healed. This shows that this herb harmonizes Yin and protects Yang, thereby generating flesh and relieving pain; the reasoning may be plausible.
[Discussion] Baiji follows the command of Autumn Metal. Its nature is astringent and consolidating. Its root is white, gathering the Qi of Metal. When the fruit becomes hard and yellow-black, it represents Metal Qi moving from Mother (Metal) to Child (Water). Observing its resemblance to a water caltrop with three angles, buds at the angle tips, and extremely viscous texture, indicates its Qi urgently returns to its Child (Water). Only when the Mother-Child Qi of Metal and Water is complete is it specifically indicated for treating hemoptysis. Roots should be harvested in August or September to specifically capture the abundant Qi returning to Yin. Its taste is bitter first, then acrid, and its nature is slightly cold, moving from below to above, delivering Yin Qi to the Lung. Thus, within its astringent function lies the ability to clear heat and dissipate nodules, not merely excelling in astringency. In summary, this herb has specialized merit in treating lung injury. The Lung governs skin and hair, representing the Yang of the Heavenly Surface. Yang resides in the Upper Jiao; without Yin, transformation cannot occur.
Mr. Miao stated: For carbuncles and sores that have already ulcerated, they should not be taken together with bitter-cold herbs.
[Processing] Wash with water. Used in pills, it can be ground into juice to make paste.