入伏后结子。立秋后苗枯。宜以处暑日采之。
根味纯辛微苦。气温香烈。气味俱轻。升多于降。阳也。手阳明引经本药。同升麻则通
行手足阳明经。亦入手太阴经。（色白味辛。行手阳明庚辛。性温气浓。行足阳明戊土。芳
香上达。入手太阴肺经。凡所主病不离三经。）治中风寒热。正阳明头痛。（逆厥头痛。加而
用之。挟热而项生磊块者尤宜。）肺经风热。解利手阳明头痛。及眉棱骨痛。颈项强痛。两
胁痛。头风眩晕。疗风邪。久渴呕吐。及破伤风。大肠风秘。（以上内外风邪之治。以下和
气活血不一之治。）水肿积聚。行痹痛痹着痹。腰痛心腹血刺痛。治女子血风眩晕。漏下赤
白。血闭阴肿。寒热沥血腰痛。补胎漏滑落。破宿血。补新血。治诸疡外散乳痈背疽。内托
肠风痔 。排脓消毒。长肉生肌。治目病最多。鼻（同辛夷细辛用）齿耳病亦不少。（其气
芳香能通九窍）总取其纯阳上升。或以治风。或以和气。或以活血。楚辞以芳草比君子而言
为多。即白芷也。具春生发陈之气。洁齐生物者也。合从青阳高明之上。一阴隐僻之下。
对待污浊者。齐之以洁。如女子漏下赤白血闭阴肿寒热。此一阴之下。血浊及气浊也。长肌
肤即洁肌肤。浊以气洁。则气精于肌也。泽颜色即洁颜色。浊以血洁。则血华于色也。（之
颐）丹溪治 疝剂中有白芷。同苍术神曲以散水。同甘菊细辛 本决明子蒺藜子荆芥穗辛夷。
治头风侵
同芍地归 杜仲续断白胶香附益母草。主漏下赤白。加牛膝。主血闭阴肿寒热。同贝母漏芦
连翘银花夏枯草蒲公英紫地丁橘皮。消乳痈结核。同黄 甘草茜草皂角刺银花赤芍生地夏枯
草。排脓止痛消痈肿。同白芍。治痘疮作痒。及皮肤搔痒。都梁丸（王定国病头风痛。至都
梁求杨介治之。投三服愈。故名。）香白芷一味。洗晒为末。炼蜜丸弹子大。每嚼一丸。以
茶清或荆芥汤化下。治头风眩晕。女人胎前产后。伤风头痛。及血风头痛皆效。风寒流涕。
香白芷一两。荆芥穗一钱。为末。腊茶（闽之建宁北苑茶名腊茶。性味与诸产略殊。）点服
二钱。胎前产后虚损。月经不调。崩漏。及横生逆产。用白芷百草霜等分。为末。以沸汤入
童便同醋调服二钱。（丹溪加滑石。以芎归汤调之。）乳痈初起。白芷贝母各二钱为末。温酒
服。痈疽赤肿。白芷大黄等分。为末。米饮服二钱。排脓方。治带下肠有败脓血。淋露不已。
腥秽殊甚。渐致脐腹冷痛。白芷一两。单叶红蜀葵根二两。白芍枯矾各半两。为末。以蜡化
丸。梧子大。每空心及食前。米饮下十丸或十五丸。俟脓尽。乃以他药补之。有人被蝮伤昏
死。一臂如股。少顷。遍身皮胀黄黑色。一道人以新汲水调香白芷末一斤灌之。觉脐中
然。黄
可见白芷秉阳明之盛气。凡阴蚀之邪干于阳明者。自能除之。
〔论〕人身手足太阴。各有阳明为之府阳明者。两阳合明也。经又言。两阳合明。故曰
明。白芷具春生发陈之气。应于夏气而蕃秀。其子结于伏后。其苗枯于立秋。正合于两阳合
明而秉其盛气。故一切阴蚀之邪干于阳明者。皆能除之。夫所谓阳者胃脘之阳也。胃为气血
之海。此味既合于正阳明而入其经矣。有何风寒之邪不散于气分。并血分之阴结为污浊者。
不能解利乎。或疑气分之药何以并入血分。不知两阳明原从两太阴而透者。是以阳之合明。
即其阴之毕畅无等待也。白芷即禀夏气而芳洁。自应合阳明之体用以为功。故其气之洁以齐
者。即阳中之邪（风也）亦尽祛之。况于阴中之浊而不先致其洁齐乎。观于以当归为使可见
矣。顾其气味如是。何复治头痛之挟热者。夫天地之气。至夏而阳盛。此气化应然。初非偏
至之戾气也。况白芷纯辛。而苦味甚少。与他物之纯从火化者原难同论。惟纯阳之气。凡病
因于火热。概难独用之。（即石膏散之合芎芷以治头痛。可以类推。）至于女子漏下及胎漏滑
落。非借此味为补养。但秉阳明之正气以为解利。与破气通血者。自是不同也。白芷为手阳
明本药。又通行两阳明经。亦入手太阴经何也。盖人身阳气。胃有谷气以充之。即有肺以主
之。更即有大肠以收之。（白芷立秋则枯。应收气也。）此味纯阳。故其致阳明之气者。有始
有卒。安得不通三经以明其用乎。阅方书治痹。概用于下焦腰膝之病。非胃气之能致于三阴
三阳。而肺为主以达天气。即归于大肠之收降以达地气乎。（气归原。然后大肠司收气。以
气得至于肾肝之分。而肾固开窍于二阴也。）
缪氏云。性升而温。呕吐火逆者。禁用。漏下赤白。有由阴虚火炽而血热者。亦忌。痈
疽已
〔修治〕白色不蛀者良。入药微焙。治女子漏下等证。宜炒黑用。近时用锻石蒸煮。或
拌锻石曝晒。为不易炷。并欲色白也。不特失其本性。而燥烈之毒最深。用时无忽。
入伏之后结出种子。立秋之后植株枯萎。适宜在处暑这一天采收。
根部味道纯辛微苦。药性温热，气味芳香猛烈。气味都属轻清之品。升散作用多于沉降作用，属于阳药。是手阳明大肠经的引经本药。与升麻同用，则能通行手足阳明经，同时也进入手太阴肺经。（因为色白味辛，运行于手阳明庚辛金；性温气浓，运行于足阳明戊土；芳香之气上达，进入手太阴肺经。凡是它主治的病证，都不离开这三条经脉。）治疗中风引起的寒热症状，以及正对阳明经的头痛。（对于逆厥引起的头痛，加入使用；如果是挟带热邪导致颈项部长出硬块的，尤其适宜使用。）治疗肺经风热，解除并利导手阳明经头痛，以及眉棱骨疼痛、颈项强痛、两胁疼痛、头风眩晕。疗治风邪，久渴呕吐，以及破伤风、大肠风秘。（以上是对内外风邪的治疗，以下是调和气血等不同方面的治疗。）治疗水肿积聚，行痹、痛痹、着痹，腰痛，心腹部的血刺痛。治疗女子因血风引起的眩晕，漏下赤白带下，血闭，阴肿，寒热沥血腰痛，安胎防止流产滑胎。破除宿血，补益新血。治疗各种疮疡，外用消散乳痈背疽，内托肠风痔漏，排脓消毒，促进肌肉生长。治疗眼病最多，鼻病（与辛夷、细辛同用）、齿病和耳病也不少。（其气芳香能够通利九窍）总体取其纯阳上升的特性，或者用来治风，或者用来和气，或者用来活血。《楚辞》中多以芳草比喻君子，文中提到的就是白芷。它具有春天生发陈新的气机，是洁净整齐地化生万物的药物。配合从青阳高明之处到一阴隐僻之处的对待关系，以洁白来整治污浊。比如女子漏下赤白、血闭、阴肿、寒热，这是“一阴之下”的血浊和气浊。长肌肤即是洁肌肤，通过气的清洁使气在肌肉中精纯。润泽颜色即是洁颜色，通过血的清洁使血在面色中光华。（之颐注）丹溪在治疗疝气的方剂中有白芷，与苍术、神曲同用以消散水湿；与甘菊、细辛、本决明子、蒺藜子、荆芥穗、辛夷同用，治疗头风侵袭；同芍药、地黄、当归、杜仲、续断、白胶香、香附、益母草同用，主司漏下赤白；加牛膝，主司血闭、阴肿、寒热；同贝母、漏芦、连翘、银花、夏枯草、蒲公英、紫地丁、橘皮同用，消散乳痈结核；同黄芩、甘草、茜草、皂角刺、银花、赤芍、生地、夏枯草同用，排脓止痛消痈肿；同白芍同用，治疗痘疮作痒及皮肤搔痒。都梁丸（王定国患头风痛，到都梁求杨介治疗，投药三服痊愈，因此得名。）只用香白芷一味，洗晒后研为末，炼蜜制成弹子大小的丸药，每次嚼服一丸，用茶清或荆芥汤送化，治疗头风眩晕，女人胎前产后伤风头痛及血风头痛皆有效。风寒流涕，用香白芷一两，荆芥穗一钱，研为末，用腊茶（福建建宁北苑产的茶叫腊茶，性味与其他产地略有不同）点服二钱。胎前产后虚损，月经不调，崩漏，以及横生逆产，用白芷、百草霜等分，研为末，用沸水加入童便同醋调服二钱。（丹溪加滑石，用芎归汤调服。）乳痈初起，白芷、贝母各二钱研为末，温酒送服。痈疽赤肿，白芷、大黄等分，研为末，米饮送服二钱。排脓方：治疗带下肠中有败脓血，淋露不止，腥秽非常严重，逐渐导致脐腹冷痛。白芷一两，单叶红蜀葵根二两，白芍、枯矾各半两，研为末，用蜡熔化制成梧子大小的丸药，每次于空腹及食前，米饮送下十丸或十五丸。等到脓排尽后，再用其他药物补益。有人被蝮蛇咬伤昏迷死亡，一只手臂肿胀如大腿，不久遍身皮肤胀大呈黄黑色，一道人用新汲水调拌香白芷末一斤灌服，病人觉得脐中温暖，黄色消退可见。可以看出白芷秉承了阳明经的盛气，凡是阴蚀之邪侵犯阳明的，自然能够消除。
〔论〕人身的手足太阴经，各有阳明经作为其府库。阳明者，是两阳合明。经文又说，两阳合明，所以称为明。白芷具有春生发陈的气机，应合夏气而蕃秀，它的种子在伏后结出，苗株在立秋枯萎，正好符合两阳合明而秉承其盛气。所以一切阴蚀之邪侵犯阳明的，都能消除。所谓阳者，是指胃脘之阳。胃为气血之海，此药既然合于正阳明而入其经，有什么风寒之邪不能解散于气分？又有血分之阴结为污浊的，不能解利吗？有人怀疑气分之药为何能并入血分，不知道两阳明原本是从两太阴透达出来的，所以阳之合明，就是其阴之毕畅无等待。白芷即禀受夏气而芳洁，自应合阳明之体用以为功效。所以它的气之洁以齐者，即使是阳中之邪（风邪）也能尽数祛除，何况阴中之浊而不先使其洁齐呢？看它以当归为使药就可以知道了。但是它的味道如此，为何又治疗头痛挟热的病症呢？天地之气，到了夏天阳气旺盛，这是气化应有的结果，起初并非偏至的戾气。况且白芷纯辛，而苦味很少，与其他物完全从火化的原难同论。只有纯阳之气，凡是病因于火热的，概难单独使用它。（即石膏散合芎芷以治头痛，可以类推。）至于女子漏下及胎漏滑落，不是借此味为补养，只是秉承阳明之正气以为解利，与破气通血的药物自然是不同的。白芷为手阳明本药，又通行两阳明经，也进入手太阴经，为什么呢？盖人身阳气，胃有谷气以充之，即有肺以主之，更即有大肠以收之。（白芷立秋则枯，应收气也。）此药纯阳，所以它致阳明之气者，有始有卒，怎能不通三经以明其用呢？阅方书治疗痹症，概用于下焦腰膝之病，这不是胃气之能致于三阴三阳，而是肺为主以达天气，即归于大肠之收降以达地气乎。（气归原，然后大肠司收气，以气得至于肾肝之分，而肾固开窍于二阴也。）
缪氏说：性升而温，呕吐火逆者，禁用。漏下赤白，有由阴虚火炽而血热者，亦忌。痈疽已溃……
〔修治〕白色不蛀者良。入药微焙。治疗女子漏下等证，宜炒黑用。近时用锻石蒸煮，或拌锻石曝晒，为了不易蛀且欲色白。不特失其本性，而燥烈之毒最深，用时不可疏忽。
After the beginning of Sanfu (the hottest period of summer), seeds are formed. After the Beginning of Autumn, the seedlings wither. It is suitable to harvest on the day of Chushu (End of Heat).
The root tastes purely pungent and slightly bitter. Its nature is warm, and its aroma is strong and intense. Both its flavor and qi are light. The ascending action predominates over the descending action; it belongs to Yang. It is the principal herb for the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. When used together with Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), it can circulate through both the Hand and Foot Yangming meridians, and also enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. (Because it is white in color and pungent in taste, it acts on the Hand-Yangming Geng-Xin Metal; being warm in nature and dense in qi, it acts on the Foot-Yangming Wu Earth; its aromatic qi ascends and reaches the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. All diseases it treats do not depart from these three meridians.) It treats wind-stroke accompanied by alternating cold and heat, and specifically Yangming headaches. (For headache caused by reverse jue syndrome, it is added; for cases complicated by heat causing lumps on the neck and nape, it is especially suitable.) It treats wind-heat in the Lung Meridian, relieves Hand-Yangming headaches, pain in the supraorbital ridge, stiffness and pain of the neck, pain in both hypochondria, dizziness due to wind-headache. It dispels wind pathogens, treats prolonged thirst and vomiting, as well as tetanus and wind-constipation in the large intestine. (The above refers to the treatment of internal and external wind pathogens; the following refers to various treatments for harmonizing qi and activating blood.) It treats edema and accumulations, Xing-bi (Moving Bi-syndrome), Tong-bi (Painful Bi-syndrome), Zhuo-bi (Fixed Bi-syndrome), lower back pain, stabbing pain in the heart and abdomen. It treats dizziness due to blood-wind in women, leukorrhea with red and white discharge, blood obstruction, vulvar swelling, cold and heat with bloody discharge, lower back pain with bloody discharge, and prevents miscarriage or habitual abortion. It breaks up old blood and nourishes new blood. It treats various sores and ulcers; externally it dissipates mastitis and back carbuncles; internally it supports the interior against intestinal wind and hemorrhoids, discharges pus, eliminates toxicity, and promotes flesh regeneration. It treats eye diseases most frequently, and also nose diseases (used together with Xin Yi and Xi Xin), tooth diseases, and ear diseases. (Its aromatic qi can unblock the nine orifices.) Generally, its pure Yang ascending nature is utilized either to treat wind, or to harmonize Qi, or to activate blood. The Chu Ci often compares fragrant herbs to gentlemen, referring here to Bai Zhi. It possesses the Qi of spring generation and renewal, purifying and generating all things. It corresponds to the contrast between the high and bright Qingyang and the secluded Yinyin, using purity to rectify turbidity. For example, in women with red and white leukorrhea, blood obstruction, vulvar swelling, and cold/heat, this represents turbidity of blood and Qi in the "lower Yin." Promoting muscle growth is equivalent to purifying the skin; purifying the Qi makes the Qi refined within the muscles. Nourishing complexion is equivalent to purifying the complexion; purifying the Blood makes the Blood radiant in the face. (Note by Zhi Yi) Danxi included Bai Zhi in formulas for treating hernia, combined with Cang Zhu and Shen Qu to dissipate water-dampness; combined with Gan Ju, Xi Xin, Ben Cao Ming Zi, Ji Li Zi, Jing Jie Sui, and Xin Yi to treat head-wind invasion; combined with Shao Yao, Di Huang, Dang Gui, Du Zhong, Xu Duan, Bai Jiao Xiang, Xiang Fu, and Yi Mu Cao to primarily treat red and white leukorrhea; adding Niu Xi to primarily treat blood obstruction, vulvar swelling, and cold/heat; combined with Bei Mu, Lou Lu, Lian Qiao, Yin Hua, Xia Ku Cao, Pu Gong Ying, Zi Di Ding, and Ju Pi to dissipate mastitis and tubercles; combined with Huang Qin, Gan Cao, Qian Cao, Zao Jiao Ci, Yin Hua, Chi Shao, Sheng Di, and Xia Ku Cao to discharge pus, relieve pain, and reduce swelling; combined with Bai Shao to treat itching from smallpox and skin pruritus. Duliang Wan (Wang Dingguo suffered from severe headache; he went to Duliang to seek treatment from Yang Jie, who prescribed three doses which cured him, hence the name.) Using only Xiang Bai Zhi, washed, dried, and powdered, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of a bullet. Chew one pill at a time, dissolving it with clear tea water or Jing Jie decoction. It is effective for dizziness due to wind-headache, and for headache due to wind-cold or blood-wind before and after childbirth. For wind-cold with runny nose, use 1 liang of Xiang Bai Zhi and 1 qian of Jing Jie Sui, powdered, and taken as 2 qian with La Cha (La Cha is a name for tea produced at Beiyuan in Jianning, Fujian, whose nature and taste differ slightly from other origins). For deficiency and damage before and after childbirth, irregular menstruation, metrorrhagia, and difficult or malpositioned labor, use equal parts of Bai Zhi and Bai Cao Shuang, powdered, and taken as 2 qian mixed with boiling water, child's urine, and vinegar. (Danxi added Shi Tang and took it with Xiong Gui Tang.) For early-stage mastitis, take 2 qian each of Bai Zhi and Bei Mu, powdered, and taken with warm wine. For carbuncles with red swelling, take equal parts of Bai Zhi and Da Huang, powdered, and taken as 2 qian with rice drink. Pus-discharging formula: Treats leukorrhea where there is decaying pus and blood in the intestines, dripping continuously, with extremely foul odor, gradually leading to cold pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions. Use 1 liang of Bai Zhi, 2 liang of Dan Ye Hong Shu Kui Gen, and half a liang each of Bai Shao and Ku Fan. Powder them, melt wax, and make pills the size of wu zi. Take 10 or 15 pills with rice drink on an empty stomach and before meals. Wait until the pus is exhausted, then tonify with other medicines. A person was bitten by a viper, fell into a coma, and one arm swelled like a thigh. Soon, the whole body's skin became swollen, yellow, and black. A Daoist priest poured one jin of Xiang Bai Zhi powder mixed with fresh well water into his mouth. The patient felt warmth in the navel, and the yellow discoloration receded. This shows that Bai Zhi inherits the abundant Qi of the Yangming meridian and can naturally eliminate any Yin-corrosive pathogen affecting Yangming.
[Discussion] The Hand and Foot Taiyin meridians of the human body each have the Yangming meridian as their associated Fu organ. Yangming means the combination of two Yangs. The classics also state, "Two Yangs combine to form Ming," hence called Ming. Bai Zhi possesses the Qi of spring generation and renewal, corresponding to the flourishing and beautiful Qi of summer. Its seeds form after Sanfu, and its stems wither at the Beginning of Autumn, perfectly aligning with the combination of two Yangs and inheriting their abundant Qi. Therefore, it can eliminate all Yin-corrosive pathogens affecting Yangming. What is referred to as Yang is the Yang of the stomach cavity. The Stomach is the sea of Qi and Blood. Since this herb combines with the proper Yangming and enters its meridian, what wind-cold pathogen cannot be dispersed in the Qi level? And what Yin-knotting turbidity in the Blood level cannot be resolved? Some doubt how a Qi-level herb can enter the Blood level. They do not know that the two Yangmings originally penetrate from the two Taiyins. Thus, the brightness of the combined Yang implies the smoothness and lack of delay of its Yin. Bai Zhi inherits the summer Qi and is fragrant and pure; it should naturally function according to the substance and application of Yangming. Therefore, its purity and rectification can expel even Yang-level pathogens (wind). How much more so Yin-level turbidity, which must first be purified? This can be seen from its use of Dang Gui as an envoy. However, given its properties, why does it treat headaches complicated by heat? The Qi of heaven and earth becomes Yang-abundant in summer; this is the natural result of Qi transformation, not initially a deviant pathogenic Qi. Moreover, Bai Zhi is purely pungent with very little bitter taste, making it hard to compare with substances that transform entirely into fire. Pure Yang Qi is generally difficult to use alone for diseases caused by fire-heat. (This can be inferred from the combination of Shi Gao San with Xiong and Bai Zhi to treat headaches.) As for leukorrhea and threatened miscarriage in women, this herb is not used for tonification but relies on the upright Qi of Yangming for resolution, differing from herbs that break Qi and unblock blood. Bai Zhi is the principal herb of the Hand-Yangming, yet it also circulates through both Yangming meridians and enters the Hand-Taiyin. Why? Because the Yang Qi of the body is supplemented by Grain Qi in the Stomach, governed by the Lung, and collected by the Large Intestine. (Bai Zhi withers at the Beginning of Autumn, indicating it collects Qi.) This herb is purely Yang, so its ability to generate Yangming Qi has a beginning and an end. How can it not pass through the three meridians to demonstrate its function? Reading medical books, Bi-syndrome treatments generally apply to lower-jiao waist and knee diseases. This is not because Stomach Qi can reach the Three Yin and Three Yang, but because the Lung governs to reach Heaven Qi, returning to the Large Intestine's collection and descent to reach Earth Qi. (Qi returns to its origin, then the Large Intestine manages collecting Qi, allowing Qi to reach the Kidney and Liver divisions, while the Kidney indeed opens into the two yin orifices.)
Mu stated: Its nature is ascending and warm; it is contraindicated for vomiting and fire-rebellion. Leukorrhea with red and white discharge caused by Yin-deficiency with blazing fire and blood-heat is also contraindicated. For suppurative sores that have already...
[Processing] Those that are white and free from insect damage are good. For medicinal use, lightly roast. To treat women's leukorrhea and other conditions, it is suitable to use charred Bai Zhi. Recently, people steam or boil it with Duan Shi (calcined iron ore), or mix it with Duan Shi and sun-dry it to prevent insect damage and maintain whiteness. This not only loses its original nature but also results in deep dryness and acrid toxicity; it must not be neglected during use.