其根色紫而柔宛。故名。三月内布地生苗。其叶二四相连。五六月开黄白紫花。
结黑子。二三月采根。阴干用。
味苦微辛。气温。入手太阴血分。兼入足阳明经。 款冬为之使。恶天雄远志瞿麦
雷丸。畏茵陈。 苦下达。辛益金。主咳逆上气。胸中寒热结气。咳唾脓血。疗息贲。止
悸。消痰渴。去痿 。安五脏。治肺伤咳嗽。劳气虚热。（吐血虚劳。收为上品。）入至高
脏。使气化及于州都。滑利小便。兼
知心肺之合以行其气化。先为气血生
气不能由阳中以降。故紫菀为疗虚劳
气化而畅血化矣。 菀古郁字。取其色紫味苦者。以治肺
行肺之用。用其气以散肺之结。用其味以顺火之性。而助
倘无结气而用之。未免亡走肺家津液矣。（不远） 赤火
由）感春夏之气化。而兼得地中之金性。故气味苦温兼辛
一两。百部半两。为散。每服三钱。生姜三片。乌梅一枚。
血后咳者。紫菀五味炒为末。蜜丸芡子大。每含化一丸。
洗净纳喉中。取恶涎出即瘥。神效。更以马牙硝津咽之。
相煽而直上于喉。此味故为的对。
〔论〕 用紫菀当深究于火为金用之义。人身少火为元气。心为火主。原与金肺不相刑
者也
为
则血
而刑
且有
乃为
气不
于火
合于
阴气
肺
推
卫不散。热气在中。故气消矣。是不可证肺之热而叶焦者。皆由于心欤。然则肺之主气而行
营卫阴阳者。岂徒恃有八叶。及二十四空。行列分布。以行诸脏之气哉。盖亦谓心主其下有
包络之生血。不致因热郁蒸。令阳中之阴。上与清虚之肺合。故得行其营卫。以治阴阳耳。
知此则紫菀之所以安五脏。疗痿 者。固的系火为金用之气化矣。海藏言其主息贲者谓何。
盖息贲因肺气虚。痰热壅结所致。此味和肺阴气。而畅以火为金用之气化。则热散而痰消。
痰热散而气降。何上逆者之不下乎。其又治肺伤久嗽者。缘肺不得合于包络之真阴。遂怫郁
而为热。致结聚涎沫浊唾而为咳。咳久不已。则肺气愈虚。郁热愈甚。（甄权所云劳气虚热）
斯时
而以
者。
兹更
而胸中即
麦冬二味
未有不泣
能开喉痹。取恶涎。则散而泻者烈矣。倘无结气而用之。未免亡走肺之津液。是以咳逆
喘嗽
〔辨治〕 今人多以车前旋复根。赤土染过伪充。误用大耗津液病肺。 去芦。蜜水浸
一宿
它的根颜色紫红且质地柔韧，因此得名。三月间贴地生长出苗。叶子两到四片相连生。五六月间开出黄、白、紫色的花。结黑色的种子。二三月时采集根部，阴干后使用。
味苦，微辛。药性温。归入手太阴肺经的血分，兼入足阳明胃经。款冬花是它的引经药（使药）。忌与天雄、远志、瞿麦、雷丸同用。畏惧茵陈。苦味能下行，辛味能补益肺气（金）。主治咳嗽气逆，胸中寒热郁结之气，咳吐脓血。治疗息贲病（一种积聚病，症见右胁下积块，喘咳等），止心悸，消痰渴，去除痿证，安五脏。治疗肺损伤引起的咳嗽，劳损之气导致的虚热。（对于吐血、虚劳，将其列为上品。）它进入至高无上的脏腑（肺），使气化功能通达至州都之官（膀胱）。滑利小便，兼通心肺相合之道以运行其气化功能。先前因为气血生化之气不能由阳中下降，所以紫菀作为治疗虚劳、通畅气化并促进血化的药物。菀古通“郁”字，取其色紫味苦者，用来治疗肺疾，发挥肺的功能。利用它的气来疏散肺部的郁结，利用它的味来顺应火性，从而辅助……（若）没有郁结之气而使用它，未免会耗散肺家的津液了。（不远）赤火（心火）……（感春夏之气化，而兼得地中之金性，故气味苦温兼辛）。一两紫菀，半两百部，研为散剂。每次服用三钱，生姜三片，乌梅一枚。咳血后咳嗽的，将紫菀、五味子炒后研为末，蜜丸如芡实大小，每次含化一丸。洗净纳入喉中，取出恶涎即痊愈，神效。再用马牙硝含咽。邪气相煽动而直上于喉，此味因此是对证的良药。
〔论〕 使用紫菀应当深入探究“火为金用”的意义。人身中的少火即为元气，心为火之主，原本与金肺不相克刑。……则血……而刑……且有……乃为……气不……于火……合于……阴气……肺……推……卫气不散，热气在中，所以气被消耗了。这不可证明肺的热和叶焦枯，都是由于心吗？然而，肺主气而行营卫阴阳，难道仅仅依靠八叶及二十四空，行列分布，来运行各脏之气吗？大概也是说心主其下有包络的生血，不至于因热郁蒸，令阳中之阴，上与清虚之肺相合，从而得以运行营卫，以调理阴阳罢了。知晓这一点，那么紫菀之所以能安五脏、治疗痿证，确实是因为它具有“火为金用”的气化作用。海藏（张元素）说它主治息贲，是什么意思呢？大概息贲是因肺气虚，痰热壅结所致。此药调和肺阴气，并通畅“火为金用”的气化，则热散而痰消，痰热消散而气降，何以上逆之气不下行呢？它又治疗肺伤久嗽的原因，是因为肺不得与包络的真阴相合，遂致怫郁而为热，导致结聚涎沫浊唾而成为咳嗽。咳嗽久了不停止，则肺气愈虚，郁热愈甚。（甄权所说的劳气虚热）。这时候……而以……者……兹更……而胸中即……麦冬二味……未有不泣……能开喉痹，取恶涎，则散而泻的效果猛烈了。如果没有郁结之气而使用它，未免会耗散肺之津液。因此咳逆喘嗽……
Its root is purple in color and flexible, hence the name. In March, it sprouts along the ground. Its leaves grow in clusters of two to four. In May and June, it blooms with yellow, white, or purple flowers. It bears black seeds. The roots are harvested in February and March and used after being dried in the shade.
The taste is bitter and slightly pungent. The nature is warm. It enters the blood aspect of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Hand-Taiyin Fei Jing) and also enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian (Foot-Yangming Wei Jing). *Tussilaginis Flos* (Kuantong, 款冬花) serves as its guiding herb (Shi Yao). It is incompatible with *Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata* (Tianxiong, 天雄), *Polygalae Radix* (Yuanzhi, 远志), *Sedum Acre* (Qumai, 瞿麦), and *Polyporus* (Leiwan, 雷丸). It fears *Artemisiae Scopariae Herba* (Yinchen, 茵陈). Bitterness directs downward; pungency benefits Metal (Lung). It primarily treats coughing and rebellious Qi, cold-heat knotted Qi in the chest, coughing up pus and blood. It treats *Xiben* (a type of abdominal mass syndrome characterized by a mass under the right hypochondrium and wheezing/coughing), stops palpitations, resolves phlegm and thirst, removes flaccidity syndromes, and calms the Five Zang Organs. It treats coughs caused by lung injury and deficiency heat due to consumptive Qi. (For hematemesis and consumptive diseases, it is classified as a top-grade herb.) Entering the highest organ (Lung), it facilitates Qi transformation reaching the "State Capital" (Bladder). It lubricates and promotes urination, and simultaneously connects the Heart and Lung to facilitate Qi transformation. Previously, because the Qi generated from Qi and Blood could not descend from the Yang center, *Asteris Radix* (Ziwan, 紫菀) was utilized to treat consumptive diseases, smoothing Qi transformation and promoting Blood transformation. "Wan" is an ancient character for "Yu" (stagnation/depression), referring to those that are purple in color and bitter in taste, used to treat lung diseases and function for the Lung. Its Qi is used to disperse lung stagnation; its Taste is used to harmonize with the nature of Fire, thereby assisting... If used without stagnant Qi, it may inadvertently deplete the fluids of the Lung house. (Not far...) Red Fire... (By sensing the Qi transformation of Spring and Summer, and simultaneously possessing the Metal nature of the Earth, its taste and nature are bitter, warm, and slightly pungent.) One qian of *Asteris Radix*, half a qian of *Stemonae Radix*, ground into powder. Take three qian per dose, with three slices of fresh ginger and one Chinese plum. For cough following hemoptysis, stir-fry *Asteris Radix* and *Schisandrae Fructus*, grind into powder, make honey pills the size of *Euryales Semen*. Contain one pill in the mouth at a time. Cleanse and insert into the throat; expelling foul saliva leads to cure, with miraculous effect. Further, swallow with *Natrii Sulfas Crystallizatus* (Mayingxiao, 马牙硝). Pathogenic factors flare up and rise directly to the throat; this herb is therefore specifically indicated.
[Discussion] When using *Asteris Radix*, one must deeply investigate the meaning of "Fire serving Metal." The mild fire in the human body is Yuan Qi (Original Qi); the Heart is the master of Fire, originally not clashing with Metal/Lung. ... then Blood ... and clash ... and there is ... then becomes ... Qi does not ... regarding Fire ... combine with ... Yin Qi ... Lung ... deduce ... Wei Qi does not disperse, hot Qi remains in the middle, thus Qi is consumed. Can this not prove that lung heat and scorched leaves are all due to the Heart? However, the Lung governs Qi and circulates Ying and Wei, Yin and Yang. Does it rely solely on eight lobes and twenty-four hollows, arranged in rows and columns, to circulate Qi among the Zang organs? Generally, it is said that the Heart governs the generation of Blood below via the Pericardium, preventing heat stagnation and steaming, allowing Yin within Yang to combine with the clear and empty Lung above, thus enabling the circulation of Ying and Wei to regulate Yin and Yang. Understanding this, the reason why *Asteris Radix* can calm the Five Zang Organs and treat flaccidity syndromes is indeed due to the Qi transformation of "Fire serving Metal." What did Haizang (Zhang Yuansu) mean when he said it treats *Xiben*? Probably, *Xiben* is caused by Lung Qi deficiency and phlegm-heat obstruction. This herb harmonizes Lung Yin Qi and smooths the Qi transformation of "Fire serving Metal"; thus, heat dissipates and phlegm disappears. With phlegm-heat dissipated and Qi descending, how can rebellious Qi fail to descend? Its treatment of chronic cough due to lung injury stems from the Lung's inability to combine with the True Yin of the Pericardium, leading to constraint and heat, causing accumulation of saliva and turbid sputum resulting in cough. Prolonged cough further depletes Lung Qi and intensifies constrained heat. (As mentioned by Zhen Quan: deficiency heat due to consumptive Qi.) At this time... and use... cases... here more... and the chest immediately... Ophiopogonis Radix and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma... none without weeping... can open throat bi, extract foul saliva, thus dispersing and purging effects are intense. If used without stagnant Qi, it inevitably depletes Lung fluids. Therefore, coughing and wheezing...
[Differentiation and Treatment] Nowadays, many people use *Plantaginis Herba* or *Inulae Radix* dyed with red earth as counterfeit substitutes. Misuse greatly depletes fluids and damages the Lung. Remove the rhizome nodes, soak in honey water overnight.