一名露葵。有紫茎白茎二种。白茎为胜。大叶小花。花紫黄色。其最小者名鸭脚葵。实
如
根叶与子。功用相同。
冬葵子
甘寒淡滑。气味俱薄。阳也。 主治脏腑寒热。羸瘦五癃。消水气。通大便。利
疗妇人乳闭肿痛。治痢。山痈疽头。下丹石毒。久服坚骨长肌肉。 乳妇气脉壅塞
行。及经络凝滞。奶房胀痛。留蓄作痈毒者。用葵子炒香缩砂仁等分为末。热酒服
验。 大小便不通。胀满欲死者。用葵子二升。水四升。煮一升。纳猪脂一鸡子。顿
生口噤。冬葵子炒黄为末。酒服二钱匕效。 胎死腹中葵子为末。酒服方寸匕。口
灌下即苏。胞衣不下。冬葵子一合牛膝一两。水二升。煎一升服。 痈肿无头。三日后。取
葵子二百粒
苗
气味同子。 宣脾利胃气。 苗叶干为末。水调服。治时行黄病。 烧灰服。治女
下。 凡久病大便涩滞者。食葵菜自通。（张从正）
根
气味苦寒。利窍滑胎。止消渴。散恶毒瓦斯。 消中尿多。日夜尿七八升。冬葵根五斤。
水五斗。煮三斗。每日平旦服二升。漏胎下血。血尽子死。葵根茎烧灰。酒服方寸匕。日三
卢不远云。葵具五色。有多种。惟冬茂者为冬葵。冬葵为脾之菜。肾之药。字从癸从冬。
皆
非不返顾其根也。观于通关格。复止消中多溺。可以想见矣。本经寒热羸瘦。与五癃并治者
。盖寒热欲通而不藏。致肌肉羸瘦。五癃欲藏而不通。致水道闭塞。葵性滑养窍。能使藏者
通。返顾卫根。能使通者藏。至病属久藏而发者。如淋滞死胎痘疹。如消渴丹石毒。如肠痈
胃疽疮肿无头。及肉锥怪证。皆有奇征。世人但知能发宿疾。不知其性正不许人有久藏患害
也。
蜀葵
一名戎葵。即吴葵。蜀戎吴皆其所自来。吴者胡之讹也。叶有歧叉。过小满后。茎高
五
虚
苗根茎
气味甘。微寒滑。 主治类同冬葵。 除客热。利肠胃。疗热毒下利。滑窍治淋。
易产。散脓血恶汁。 蜀葵（四时红色单叶者）取根阴干。治带下。排脓血恶物极验。
胃生痈。有败血。腥秽殊甚。脐腹冷痛。用怀忠丹排脓下血。单叶红蜀葵根白芷各一两
枯矾白芍药各五钱。为末。黄蜡溶化和丸。梧子大。每空心米饮下二十丸。待脓血出尽。
十宣散补之。
花
味咸甘。气寒冷。阴中阳也。 治带下。目中溜火。和血润燥。通窍利大小便。 赤者
理血燥。治赤带。白者理气燥。治白带。皆取其寒滑润利之功。（洁古） 沙石淋。黄蜀葵
花
蛤
子
即本经葵子。用之颇验。今
恶。服之肠滑。且损脾胃。气味
二钱。滑石三钱。为末。顺流水
〔论〕 葵种不一。四时之葵。以冬葵为良。余惟蜀葵入药。然二葵功亦相仿也。世知
葵性
滑养
泣之人。未
〔辨治〕 冬葵蜀葵。其子皆轻虚。经年不 。微炒散着湿地。偏踏之。朝种暮生。（轻
虚可
【背景信息】
书名：本草述钩元 作者：杨时泰 朝代：清 章节：葵 类别：本草
葵菜
又名露葵。分为紫茎和白茎两种，其中白茎品质更优。叶片大，花朵小，花色为紫黄色。其中最小的一种称为鸭脚葵。其果实、根部、叶子和种子的功效相同。
冬葵子
味甘、性寒、味淡、质滑。气味都很淡薄，属阳。主要治疗脏腑的寒热病症，身体消瘦及五种淋证（五癃），消除水气，通利大便，利尿。治疗妇人乳汁闭塞引起的肿痛，治疗痢疾，治疗山痈疽头，排出丹石毒。长期服用可以坚固骨骼，生长肌肉。对于乳妇因气脉壅塞导致经络凝滞，乳房胀痛，乳汁蓄积化生痈毒的情况，将葵子炒香后与缩砂仁等分研成末，用热酒送服，效果显著。对于大小便不通，腹胀满欲死的情况，取葵子二升，加水四升，煮至一升，加入一个鸡蛋大小的猪脂，一次性服用，可迅速见效。对于胎死腹中，将葵子研成末，用酒送服方寸匕的量，灌入口中即可苏醒。对于胞衣不下，用冬葵子一合，牛膝一两，加水二升，煎至一升服用。对于痈肿无头，三天后，取葵子二百粒……
苗
气味与种子相同。能宣通脾气，利养胃气。将苗叶晒干研成末，用水调服，治疗时行黄病（流行性黄疸）。烧成灰服用，治疗……（原文此处有缺漏或错简，推测为某种出血或难产相关病症，但根据上下文“女”字及后文逻辑，可能指代不明或残缺，此处仅翻译可见部分）。凡是久病导致大便涩滞的人，食用葵菜可自行通畅。（张从正）
根
气味苦、寒。通利窍道，滑利胎产，止消渴，散除恶毒之气。对于消中症（多食易饥且尿多），日夜排尿七八升，用冬葵根五斤，加水五斗，煮至三斗，每天清晨服用二升。对于漏胎下血，血尽则子死的情况，将葵根茎烧成灰，用酒送服方寸匕，每日三次。卢不远说，葵具有五色，有多种类，只有冬季茂盛的是冬葵。冬葵是脾的蔬菜，肾的药物。“葵”字从“癸”从“冬”，都有不忘记根本的意思。观察它能通关格（上下不通之症），又能止消中多溺，就可以想象它的道理了。《本经》记载其治疗寒热羸瘦与五癃并治，大概是因为寒热想要通利却不得藏纳，导致肌肉消瘦；五癃想要藏纳却不得通利，导致水道闭塞。葵的性质滑润，能滋养窍道，能使该藏的得以通利，该通的得以藏纳，如同回头顾念根本一样。至于病情属于长久蕴藏而发作的，如淋证停滞、死胎、痘疹，如消渴、丹石毒，如肠痈、胃疽、疮肿无头，以及肉锥怪证等，都有奇特的疗效。世人只知道它能引发宿疾，却不知道它的本性正是防止人体产生长久蕴藏的祸害。
蜀葵
又名戎葵，即吴葵。“蜀”、“戎”、“吴”都是它来源地的称呼，“吴”是“胡”的讹误。叶片有歧叉，过小满节气后，茎高……（原文此处有缺漏）
虚（此处疑为衍文或排版错误，结合下文应为蜀葵的其他部位描述）
苗、根、茎
气味甘，微寒，滑。主治功效类似冬葵。清除客热，利肠胃，治疗热毒下利，滑利窍道治疗淋证，帮助顺产，消散脓血恶汁。蜀葵（四季红色单叶者）取根阴干，治疗带下病，排脓血恶物非常有效。如果胃生痈，有败血，腥秽特别严重，脐腹冷痛，使用怀忠丹排脓下血。单叶红蜀葵根、白芷各一两，枯矾、白芍药各五钱，研成末，用黄蜡熔化调和做成丸剂，如梧桐子大。每次空腹用米饮送下二十丸，待脓血排尽后，用十宣散补益。
花
味咸、甘，气寒冷，属阴中之阳。治疗带下，眼中流火，调和血液，润燥，通利窍道，利大小便。红色的调理血燥，治疗赤带；白色的调理气燥，治疗白带，都是取其寒滑润利的功效。（洁古）沙石淋……（原文此处有缺漏）
黄蜀葵花
蛤……（原文残缺）
子
即《本经》中的葵子，使用颇为有效。现在……（原文残缺）
恶……（原文残缺）服之肠滑，且损脾胃，气味……（原文残缺）二钱，滑石三钱，研成末，顺流水……（原文残缺）
〔论〕 葵的种类不一，四季的葵，以冬葵为优良。其余只有蜀葵入药，然而这两种葵的功效也相仿。世人知道葵性……（原文残缺）滑养……（原文残缺）泣之人，未……（原文残缺）
〔辨治〕 冬葵、蜀葵，它们的种子都轻虚，经过一年不……（原文残缺）微炒散着湿地，偏踏之，朝种暮生。（轻虚可……（原文残缺）
[Background Information]
Book: *Bencao Shu Gou Yuan* (Essentials of Materia Medica Description)
Author: Yang Shitai
Dynasty: Qing
Chapter: Kui (Mallow)
Category: Materia Medica
Kui Vegetable (Abelmoschus manihot / Malva verticillata)
Also known as Lu Kui. It is divided into two varieties: purple stem and white stem, with the white stem being superior. It has large leaves and small flowers, which are purple-yellow in color. The smallest variety is called Ya Jiao Kui (Duck-foot Mallow). Its fruit, root, leaves, and seeds have identical functions.
Dong Kui Zi (Seeds of Winter Mallow)
Sweet, cold, bland, and slippery. Its flavor and qi are both very light; it belongs to Yang. It mainly treats cold-heat disorders of the zang-fu organs, emaciation, and five types of strangury (Wu Long). It eliminates water retention, unblocks bowel movements, and promotes urination. It treats breast engorgement and pain due to milk stasis in nursing women, dysentery, mountain carbuncles, and expels Dan Shi toxicity. Long-term consumption strengthens bones and nourishes muscles. For nursing women suffering from qi and blood vessel congestion leading to meridian stagnation, breast distension and pain, and milk accumulation turning into carbuncles and toxins, mix fragrant fried Dong Kui Zi powder with equal parts Su Sha Ren (Amomum villosum) powder, and take with hot wine for effective results. For cases of complete obstruction of urination and defecation with severe abdominal distension threatening life, use two sheng of Dong Kui Zi, add four sheng of water, boil down to one sheng, add pig fat equivalent to one chicken egg, and take at once for immediate relief. For fetal death in utero, take Dong Kui Zi powder mixed with wine, one fang cun bi in dose; pouring it into the mouth can revive the patient. For retained placenta, use one he of Dong Kui Zi and one liang of Niu Xi (Achyranthes bidentata), add two sheng of water, decoct to one sheng, and take. For carbuncles and swellings without a head, after three days, take two hundred grains of Kui Zi...
Shoots
The flavor and qi are the same as the seeds. They promote spleen qi and benefit stomach qi. Dried shoots and leaves powdered and taken with water treat epidemic jaundice. Taken as ash, it treats [text missing/corrupted]. For those with chronic illness causing constipation, eating Kui vegetables can naturally relieve the blockage. (Zhang Congzheng)
Root
Bitter, cold. It unblocks orifices, facilitates childbirth, stops thirst, and disperses malignant toxic vapors. For Xiao Zhong syndrome (polyphagia with polyuria), where urination amounts to seven or eight sheng per day, use five jin of Dong Kui Gen, add five dou of water, decoct to three dou, and take two sheng every morning at dawn. For threatened miscarriage with bleeding, where blood exhaustion leads to fetal death, burn the Kui root and stems to ash, take with wine, one fang cun bi per dose, three times daily. Lu Bu Yuan stated that Kui has five colors and various types; only the one flourishing in winter is Dong Kui. Dong Kui is a vegetable for the Spleen and a medicine for the Kidney. The character 'Kui' consists of 'Gui' and 'Dong', implying not forgetting one's roots. Observing its ability to resolve Guan Ge (obstruction between upper and lower jiao) and stop excessive urination in Xiao Zhong, its principles can be understood. The *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* records its treatment of cold-heat emaciation along with the five stranguries. This is likely because cold-heat conditions desire flow but fail to store, leading to muscle wasting; while stranguries desire storage but fail to flow, leading to blocked water passages. Kui’s slippery nature nourishes the orifices, enabling what should be stored to flow, and what should flow to store, much like looking back at one's roots. As for diseases arising from long-term accumulation, such as strangury stagnation, retained fetus, smallpox/varicella, diabetes/thirst, Dan Shi toxicity, intestinal abscess, gastric carbuncle, headless sores, and abnormal flesh growths, it shows miraculous effects. People only know it can trigger latent diseases, unaware that its true nature prevents the body from harboring long-term accumulations.
Shu Kui (Hibiscus mutabilis / Cotton Rose)
Also known as Rong Kui, i.e., Wu Kui. "Shu," "Rong," and "Wu" refer to its places of origin. "Wu" is a corruption of "Hu." The leaves are lobed. After the Minor Fullness solar term, the stem grows tall... [text missing]
Xu [Suspected typo or formatting error]
Shoots, Roots, Stems
Sweet, slightly cold, and slippery. Their main indications are similar to Dong Kui. They clear exogenous heat, benefit the intestines and stomach, treat heat-toxic diarrhea, lubricate orifices to treat strangury, facilitate easy delivery, and dissipate pus, blood, and foul discharge. Taking the roots of Shu Kui (red single-petal variety) dried in the shade effectively treats leukorrhea and expels pus, blood, and foul matter. If an abscess forms in the stomach with necrotic blood, causing extreme foul odor and cold pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, use Huai Zhong Dan to expel pus and blood. Mix one liang of single-petal red Shu Kui root with one liang of Bai Zhi (Angelica dahurica), five qian of Ku Fan (Alumen), and five qian of Bai Shao Yao (Paeonia lactiflora), grind into powder, melt yellow beeswax to form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take twenty pills on an empty stomach with rice water. After all pus and blood are expelled, supplement with Shi Xuan San.
Flowers
Salty, sweet, cold in qi; Yin within Yang. Treats leukorrhea, "flowing fire" in the eyes, harmonizes blood, moistens dryness, unblocks orifices, and benefits urination and defecation. Red flowers regulate blood dryness and treat red leukorrhea; white flowers regulate qi dryness and treat white leukorrhea. Both utilize their cold, slippery, and moistening properties. (Jie Gu) Sand-stone strangury... [text missing]
Yellow Shu Kui Flowers
Clam... [text corrupted/missing]
Seeds
These are the Kui Zi from the *Ben Cao Jing*, used with considerable efficacy. Currently... [text missing]
Evil... [text missing] Ingestion causes intestinal slipperiness and damages the spleen and stomach; flavor and qi... [text missing] Two qian, three qian of Hua Shi (Talcum), ground into powder, with smooth flowing water... [text missing]
[Discussion]
There are various kinds of Kui. Among the seasonal Kuis, Dong Kui is the best. Only Shu Kui is used medicinally among the rest, yet their functions are quite similar. People know that Kui nature... [text missing] Slippery and nourishing... [text missing] Crying people, not... [text missing]
[Differentiation and Treatment]
Dong Kui and Shu Kui seeds are both light and void. After a year, they do not... [text missing] Lightly stir-fry and scatter on damp ground, tread upon them; planted in the morning, they sprout by evening. (Light and void can...) [text missing]