亦作鲭。其胆腊月采取。阴干待用。
气味苦寒。点目治目暗。消赤目肿痛。以汁灌鼻。吐喉痹痰涎。
附方 赤目障翳。黄连切片。井水熬浓。去渣。煎成膏。入青鱼胆汁和就。加片脑少许。
瓶
人。不
〔合论鲭鲤〕 鲤以阴极阳复而能神其变化。合于人身足厥阴之脏。是以鲤胆治目之用
为多
和。以
故真水
即 鱼。音蓟。
气味苦寒。治骨鲠。或竹木刺入咽喉。不拘大人小儿。时日久近。或入脏腑痛刺。黄瘦
甚者
出。
又名鲋鱼。
气味甘温。主胃弱不下食。温中下气。止下痢肠痔肠痈。生捣。涂恶核肿毒不散。诸鱼
属火
羹。治
肠风下
此方
去
斗
入
入
入砒一分。生地一两。纸包。烧存性。加枯矾麝香少许。为末掺之。
〔论〕 鲫禀土气以生。性喜偎泥。不食杂物。于水族中禀阴独浓。故能补胃弱而调中。
方
同
夏
诸鱼之中。惟此可常食。然多食亦能动火。（仲淳）同沙糖食。生疳虫。同芥菜食。成
肿疾。
一名蠡鱼。体首有七星。夜朝北斗。色黑。故有元鳢乌鳢黑鳢等名。
气味甘寒。主湿痹面目浮肿。下大水。疗五痔。除大小便壅塞气。作脍。与香港脚风气人
食。
同白术
斤重者
胆
气味甘平。专治喉痹。诸鱼胆苦。惟此胆甘而可食。为异。腊月收取阴干。喉痹将
以鳢鱼胆点入少许。即瘥。病深者。水调灌之。
〔论〕 水以土为主。土以水为用。鳢鱼色黑而朝北斗。固禀北方水气。然其味甘。即
其胆
清。凡
以导
去浮
缪氏。多食能发痼疾。不可不知。
青鱼胆：
也写作“鲭”。在腊月采集其胆汁，阴干后备用。
气味苦、寒。用胆汁点眼可治疗视物昏暗，消除红眼肿痛；将汁液滴入鼻腔，可吐出喉痹引起的痰涎。
附方：治疗赤眼障翳（眼睛红肿伴有遮蔽视力的膜状物）。取黄连切片，用井水熬煮至浓稠，滤去药渣，煎成膏状，加入青鱼胆汁调和均匀，再加入少许冰片。
鳢鱼（黑鱼）：
即鳢鱼，读音同“蓟”。
气味苦、寒。主治骨鲠（鱼刺卡喉），无论是竹木刺入咽喉，不分大人小孩，也不论时间长短，甚至刺入脏腑引起剧烈疼痛的，均可使用此法排出。
鲫鱼：
又名鲋鱼。
气味甘、温。主要治疗胃弱导致的食欲不振，能温中理气，止泻痢、肠痔和肠痈。生捣敷于恶核肿毒不散之处。诸鱼属火性，若做成羹汤食用，可治肠风下血。
此方：取砒霜一分，生地一两，用纸包裹，烧至存性（保留药物本质而除去水分/毒性部分），加入枯矾、麝香少许，研为细末，掺敷患处。
〔合论鲭鲤〕：鲤鱼因阴极阳复而能神奇变化，对应人体的足厥阴肝经。因此鲤鱼胆多用于治疗眼部疾病。
〔论〕：鲫鱼禀受土气而生，习性喜欢贴近泥土，不食杂物，在水族中禀受阴气独厚，故能补益胃弱、调理中焦。
在诸鱼之中，只有鲫鱼可以经常食用，但多吃也会动火。（仲淳注）与沙糖同食，会生疳虫；与芥菜同食，会引发肿疾。
鳢鱼（黑鱼）：
一名蠡鱼。头部有七星斑点，夜间朝向北斗星，颜色黑，因此有元鳢、乌鳢、黑鳢等名称。
气味甘、寒。主治湿痹、面目浮肿，利水消肿，治疗五种痔疮，清除大小便壅塞之气。做成鱼脍（生鱼片），与患有香港脚（脚气病）风气的人同食。
胆：
气味甘、平。专门治疗喉痹。诸鱼的胆汁皆苦，唯独此鱼胆甘且可食用，这是其特异之处。腊月采集阴干。喉痹发作时，取少许鳢鱼胆汁点入，即可痊愈；病情深重者，用水调匀灌服。
〔论〕：水以土为主宰，土以水为运用。鳢鱼色黑且朝拜北斗，确实禀受了北方水气。然而其味甘，性质清轻，具有引导浮越之气下降的作用。缪氏认为，多吃鳢鱼能诱发陈旧性疾病，不可不知。
**Qingyu Dan (Gibel Carp Gallbladder):**
Also written as "Qing". Its gallbladder is collected in the twelfth lunar month, dried in the shade, and kept for use.
Flavor: Bitter; Temperature: Cold. Dropped into the eyes to treat dim vision and reduce swelling and pain of red eyes. Instilled into the nose to induce vomiting of phlegm and saliva caused by Hou Bi (sore throat with difficulty swallowing).
**Attached Prescription:** For treating Chi Mu Zhang Yi (Red Eyes with Pterygium/Cataract-like opacity). Slice Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), boil in well water until concentrated, filter out the dregs, and simmer into a paste. Mix in Qing Yu Dan Zhi (Gibel Carp Gallbladder Juice) and add a small amount of Pian Nao (Borneolum Syntheticum).
**Li Yu (Snakehead Fish):**
This is Li Yu, pronounced "Ji".
Flavor: Bitter; Temperature: Cold. Treats Gu Geng (fish bone stuck in throat). Whether bamboo or wood splinters enter the throat, regardless of age (adult or child) or duration (recent or long-standing), or even if they penetrate into the viscera causing stabbing pain, this method helps expel them.
**Ji Yu (Crucian Carp):**
Also known as Fu Yu.
Flavor: Sweet; Temperature: Warm. Primarily treats poor appetite due to Wei Ruo (weak stomach); warms the middle Jiao and directs Qi downward; stops dysentery, Chang Mi (intestinal hemorrhoids), and Chang Yong (appendicitis/intestinal abscess). Crushed fresh and applied externally to treat E He Zhong Du (hard lumps and toxic swellings that do not dissipate). All fish belong to Fire nature. Made into soup, it treats Chang Feng Xia Xue (blood in stool due to wind-heat in intestines).
**This Prescription:** Take Pi Shuang (Arsenic Trioxide) 1 fen, Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) 1 liang, wrap in paper, burn until "cun xing" (preserving the essence while removing toxicity/moisture), add Ku Fan (Alumen Exsiccatum) and She Xiang (Moschus) in small amounts, grind into powder, and apply topically.
**[Combined Discussion on Qing and Li]:** The Li Yu (Carp) undergoes miraculous transformations due to the transition from extreme Yin to recovering Yang, corresponding to the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian in the human body. Therefore, Li Dan (Carp Gallbladder) is used frequently for treating eye diseases.
**[Discussion]** Ji Yu (Crucian Carp) is born bearing Earth Qi, prefers clinging to mud, does not eat miscellaneous things, and possesses abundant Yin Qi among aquatic animals. Thus, it can tonify stomach weakness and regulate the Middle Jiao.
Among all fish, only Ji Yu can be eaten regularly. However, excessive consumption can stir up Fire. (Note by Zhong Chun): Eating it with brown sugar generates Gan Chong (pediatric malnutrition parasites); eating it with Jie Cai (Mustard Greens) causes swelling diseases.
**Li Yu (Snakehead Fish):**
Also named Li Yu. It has seven star-like spots on its head, faces the Big Dipper at night, and is black in color. Hence names such as Yuan Li, Wu Li, and Hei Li.
Flavor: Sweet; Temperature: Cold. Primarily treats Shi Bi (dampness bi-syndrome), facial and ocular edema; promotes urination to reduce water retention; cures five types of hemorrhoids; removes obstruction of Qi in large and small bowel movements. Prepared as Kuai (raw fish slices), it is suitable for those suffering from Hong Kong Jiao (Beriberi/Foot Qi) wind-dampness.
**Gallbladder:**
Flavor: Sweet; Temperature: Neutral. Specifically treats Hou Bi (sore throat). The bile of most fish is bitter, but this fish's bile is sweet and edible, which is unique. Collected in the twelfth lunar month and dried in the shade. When Hou Bi occurs, instill a small amount of Li Yu Dan (Snakehead Fish Gallbladder) into the throat, and it will heal immediately. For severe cases, dilute with water and administer orally.
**[Discussion]** Water is governed by Earth, and Earth utilizes Water. Li Yu is black and faces the Big Dipper, truly inheriting Northern Water Qi. However, its flavor is sweet and its nature is clear/light, guiding floating Yang downwards. According to Master Miao, excessive consumption can trigger chronic diseases; this must be known.