出荥阳中牟汴京者为胜。所在冬不积雪。二月生苗。纤细劲直。外黄内赤。中虚作
五月梢头开黄花。结实如百合瓣而紧小。味甜。外皮红。里仁子黑。根色紫赤。（核）
味苦而甘辛。性温。气味俱薄。轻清而浮。阳也。升也。手太阴之药。入足太阳经。兼
走手
身痛
赤黑
水肿
晕。狂
通。疝
有之。
之阳。阳
属是也。如
阴中之阳
实之药。桂
药也。肺主卫
剂也。（海藏）
标见头痛之标
为汗。而张大
气成形。不能
黄药。须避风一
服分利消导升提诸
抑遏阳气在下。
风诸病。麻黄
掠去沫。旋添水
至升半为度。密
焦了。仍忌鸡犬
云。风痹冷痛。麻
下。汗出为度。避风。按
面目黄肿。其脉沉。小便
煮取三升。每服一升。
病。从腰以上肿者。即
非水也。麻黄附子汤汗
升半。每服八分。日三
后天之气。乃水之主
五经并行。即是血
〔论〕 本经谓麻黄苦温。苦为在地之阴。是从阴而达阳者也。本于在地至阴。即水畅
火。
营气
血脉
夏。
故凡
乃通者
驱营中之
俾营邪仍
甚。由营
阳而营乃
痛发热。身
是。未可妄
寒气逆而
患症。虽
表。亦不
寒痰。寒水
而加减。）
知。麻黄正
风寒之邪。
即此可绎）故
之阳。郁冒而
窍不通。有升
散上壅寒邪。
则寒邪自散耳
先矣。即治痫之
助也。又中风及头
斯平矣。夫巨阳为
而为痛。非能透真
肿痹证。以及心胁
以真阳之透。原不
则在地之阴乃和。
谓必至卫通。而阴
矣。真阳透而真阴
之用善矣。
按此味能透泄至阴之真阳。惟营气郁塞。血脉结聚者宜之。如或不当。能泻人真气。脱
人元
痪。
及杂
〔修治〕 折去节根。水煮十余沸。竹片掠去上沫。（沫令人烦）后入他药。
根节
气味甘平。用专止汗。夏月杂粉扑之。（贞白）内服尤良。方书治自汗盗汗。其性周行
肌
效如
饮中暑
后虚汗
一钱。同炒黑色。入麝香少许。为末。 鼻频用。
〔论〕 麻黄根节与茎。同是透阳而出之一物。却即有不凌节而出之妙存焉。易遇涣而
受之
阳之
出自荥阳中牟汴京一带的麻黄品质最佳。当地冬季不积雪。二月生苗。茎秆纤细劲直。外皮黄色内里赤色。中间空心。
五月梢头开黄花。结出的果实像百合瓣一样紧小。味道甜。外皮红色。里面的仁子黑色。根部颜色紫赤。（《本草衍义》注）
味道苦而甘辛。性质温。气味都较淡薄。质地轻清而上浮。属于阳。具有升散作用。是手太阴肺经的药物。入足太阳膀胱经。兼走手少阴心经和足少阴肾经之阳。属于阴中之阳。是实证适用的药物。桂枝也是此类药。肺主卫气。这是方剂。（张元素/海藏）
（若见）头痛等太阳经标证。作为发汗药。而能使人腠理开张。气形成形后。不能（随意使用）。麻黄药。须避风一（日）。服用分利、消导、升提各类药物。压抑遏止阳气在下。风邪诸病。麻黄。掠去沫。随即添水。煮至升半为限度。密封。烧焦了。仍忌鸡犬（之气）。据说。风痹冷痛。麻黄。下服。以出汗为度。避风。按语：面目黄肿。其脉沉。小便（不利）。煮取三升。每服一升。病。从腰以上肿者。即（用此法）。不是水饮也。麻黄附子汤汗（出）。升半。每服八分。日三（次）。后天之气。乃水之主。五经并行。即是血（分）。
〔论〕 《本经》说麻黄味苦温。苦味代表在地之阴。是从阴而通达阳的。基于在地至阴。即水畅达。火（热）。营气。血脉。夏。所以凡是。乃通者。驱除营中的。使营邪仍（留）。甚。由营。阳而营乃（和）。痛发热。身（痛）。是。不可妄用。寒气逆而。患症。虽。表。亦不。寒痰。寒水。（随证加减。）知道。麻黄正（对）风寒之邪。即此可绎（推演））故。之阳。郁冒而。窍不通。有升。散上壅寒邪。则寒邪自散耳先矣。即治痫之。助也。又中风及头。斯平矣。夫巨阳为。而为痛。非能透真。肿痹证。以及心胁。以真阳之透。原不。则在地之阴乃和。谓必至卫通。而阴。矣。真阳透而真阴。之用善矣。
按：此味能透泄至阴之真阳。惟营气郁塞。血脉结聚者宜之。如或不当。能泻人真气。脱人元（气）。痪。及杂。
〔修治〕 折去节根。水煮十余沸。竹片掠去上沫。（沫令人烦）后入他药。根节。气味甘平。用专止汗。夏月杂粉扑之。（李贞白）内服尤良。方书治自汗盗汗。其性周行肌。效如。饮中暑。后虚汗。一钱。同炒黑色。入麝香少许。为末。鼻频用。
〔论〕 麻黄根节与茎。同是透阳而出之一物。却即有不凌节而出之妙存焉。易遇涣而受之阳之。
The Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) originating from the regions of Xingyang, Zhongmu, and Bianjing is of superior quality. In these areas, there is no snow accumulation in winter. The seedlings emerge in February. The stems are slender, tough, and straight, with a yellow exterior and red interior, and a hollow center.
In May, yellow flowers bloom at the tips of the shoots. The fruits are tight and small, resembling lily petals, with a sweet taste. The outer skin is red, while the inner kernels are black. The roots are purple-red. (Note from *Bencao Yan Yi*)
It tastes bitter, sweet, and acrid. Its nature is warm. Its scent and flavor are both thin. It is light, clear, and floating upward, belonging to Yang. It has an ascending and dispersing action. It is a herb for the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. It enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian and also traverses the Yang aspect of the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. It belongs to "Yang within Yin." It is a substance suitable for excess conditions. Cinnamon Twig Decoction (Guizhi Tang) is also such a herb. The Lung governs Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). This is a formula. (Zhang Yuansu/Haizang)
(If presenting with) headache as a Shao-Biao (Mark) syndrome of the Taiyang meridian. As a sweating agent, it opens the pores. After Qi forms the body, it cannot be used arbitrarily. Mahuang herb. Must avoid wind for one day. Taking diuretic, resolving, or ascending agents can suppress and inhibit Yang Qi in the lower part. For wind-related diseases, Mahuang... Scum should be skimmed off. Then add water. Boil until half a sheng remains. Seal tightly. If burnt, still avoid odors from chickens and dogs. It is said that for wind-bi cold pain, Mahuang... taken orally. The degree is reached when sweating occurs. Avoid wind. Note: Yellow swelling of the face and eyes, with a deep pulse, and difficulty in urination. Boil to obtain three sheng. Take one sheng per dose. For disease characterized by swelling above the waist, this method applies. It is not fluid retention. Mahuang Fuzi Decoction induces sweating. Half a sheng. Take eight fen per dose, three times daily. Post-heaven Qi is the master of Water. It runs through the five meridians, which is essentially Blood portion.
[Discussion] The *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* states that Mahuang is bitter and warm. Bitterness represents Yin of the earth, indicating a pathway from Yin to reach Yang. Based on the extreme Yin of the earth, i.e., when Water flows freely, Fire (Heat)... Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi). Blood vessels. Summer. Therefore, generally... it is unobstructed. It drives out pathogens in Ying. So that Ying pathogens remain... severe. Arising from Ying. Yang then Ying harmonizes. Pain and fever. Body... This is so. It must not be used rashly. Cold Qi reverses and... suffering symptoms. Although... exterior. Also does not... cold phlegm. Cold water. (Adjust according to syndrome differentiation.) Understand. Mahuang correctly addresses Wind-Cold pathogenic factors. From this, it can be deduced...) Thus, Yang. Depression and dizziness. Orifices are unobstructed. There is ascending... dispersing upward, congesting cold pathogens. Then cold pathogens disperse themselves first. Even treating epilepsy... assistance. Also stroke and head... thus calmed. The Great Yang (Taiyang) is... causing pain. It cannot penetrate true... swelling and bi syndromes. As well as heart and hypochondrium. With the penetration of True Yang, originally not... then Yin of the earth harmonizes. It is said that only when Wei Qi is unobstructed, and Yin... Thus. When True Yang penetrates, True Yin... its use is excellent.
Note: This herb can penetrate and drain the True Yang of Extreme Yin. It is suitable only when Ying Qi is stagnant and blood vessels are knotted. If used inappropriately, it can deplete the body's True Qi and cause collapse of Yuan Qi (Original Qi). Paralysis. And miscellaneous...
[Processing] Break off the nodes and roots. Boil in water for more than ten boils. Skim off the foam on top with bamboo slices. (Foam causes irritability.) Add other herbs afterward. Root nodes. Scent and flavor are sweet and neutral. Used specifically to stop sweating. In summer, mix with powder and apply externally. (Li Zhenbai) Internal administration is particularly good. Medical texts treat spontaneous sweating and night sweats. Its nature circulates through muscles. Effect is like... drinking mid-summer heat. Post-sweating deficiency sweat. One qian. Stir-fry together until black. Add a small amount of Moschus (Shexiang, 麝香). Grind into powder. Use frequently in the nose.
[Discussion] Mahuang root nodes and stems are the same substance that allows Yang to emerge. Yet, there lies the subtlety of not violating the nodes in its emergence. Easily encountering dispersion and receiving Yang of...