阿魏（一两） 砂（一两用酒一大盏与阿魏同熬如膏） 木香
（三分） 苦楝子（一两炒微黄） 附子（一两炮裂去皮脐）
上件药捣罗为末，入 砂膏和丸，如梧桐子大，每服不计时候，以热生姜酒下十丸。（同上）森立夫治
阴痛不可忍，于本方去阿魏、木香。（《万安方》引）
利水方法 水湿同气也，然水汪洋而湿淹濡，故水可逐而湿宜渗，水成形而湿化气，故水无阳而湿有
热，子和水疝、 疝所由分也，学人辨诸。（《金匮翼》）
五苓散，治撮聚疝气，连根葱白二寸，灯心十茎，盐炒茴香一撮，川楝子三个去核，煎汤调下，大效。
（《得效》）（宜参前证治诸说及“治不可以虚骤补”条。）
加减柴苓汤，治诸疝，此和肝肾顺气消疝治湿之剂。
柴胡 半夏 茯苓 甘草 白术 泽泻 猪苓 山楂 山栀（炒） 荔枝核（各等分）
上咀片，水二钟，姜三片，煎至八分，空心服。（《准绳》）
夺命丹，治远年近日小肠疝气，偏坠搐疼，脐下撮痛，以致闷乱，及外肾肿硬，日渐滋长，阴间湿痒，抓
成疮，悉治之。
吴茱萸（一斤，去枝梗，四两酒浸，四两酢浸，四两汤浸，四两童子小便浸，各一宿，同焙干。） 泽
泻（二两去灰土）
上为细末，酒煮面糊丸，如梧桐子大，每服五十丸，空心食前盐汤或酒下，神妙不可具述。冯仲柔云∶顷年
某仓使家传，因令局中合卖。绍熙壬子冬，余亲曾得效，时苦奔豚，寒气攻冲，小腹引痛四日，只一服，脏腑
微动，痛若失去遂安。一方名星斗丸，汤浸者用盐水浸，泽泻用四两，切作粗片，酒浸一宿。（《是斋》）
外治诸方 《集验》疗肾冷及疼，疝气滞，后灌方。
盐花（一大合） 浆水（半大升）
上二味和暖，灌下部，少间即下脓，日一度，再灌之即止。（《外台》）
疝气，以吴茱萸为末，每用一钱匕，酽醋调，纸花子摊贴脐下，三日一换。（《琐碎录》）
寒疝引急，痛连小腹，及睾丸偏缩者，以胡椒十余粒为细末，渗黑膏上烘热，贴阴囊，片时其痛即止。若
睾丸偏缩者，贴偏小半边，盖缩即寒而坠则热也。（《医通》）
灸法 项关一男子，病卒疝暴痛不任，倒于街衢，人莫能动，呼予救之。予引经证之，邪气客于足厥
阴之络，令人卒疝，故病阴丸痛也。予急泻大敦二穴，大痛立已。夫大敦穴者，乃足厥阴之二穴也。（《儒门
事亲》）（治疝针灸，其说颇繁，今不具录。）
调摄法 患疝之人，每浴时，忍小便不去，入汤揉令腹中和畅，出浴就去小便，使所郁寒湿，乘热发
泄。又有疝气入汤致逼升上者，此是证挟奔豚，是以畏也。（《原病集》）
阿魏（一两） 砂（一两，用一大盏酒与阿魏一同熬制成膏状） 木香（三分） 苦楝子（一两，炒至微黄） 附子（一两，炮裂后去皮和脐）
以上药物捣碎过筛成细末，加入砂膏调和，制成如梧桐子大小的药丸。每次服用不拘时间，用热生姜酒送服十丸。（同上）森立夫治疗阴部疼痛难以忍受时，在本方中去掉阿魏、木香。（《万安方》引）
利水方法：水湿同属一气，但水势汪洋而湿气淹濡，所以水邪可用攻逐法，湿邪宜用渗利法；水有形质而湿化为气，所以水病无阳而湿病有热，子和所区分的水疝、疝气，由此而来，学者需加以辨别。（《金匮翼》）
五苓散，治疗撮聚疝气，加连根葱白二寸，灯心草十茎，盐炒小茴香一撮，川楝子三个去核，煎汤调服药散，效果显著。（《得效》）（宜参考前文关于证治的各种说法及“治不可以虚骤补”条目。）
加减柴苓汤，治疗各种疝气，这是调和肝肾、顺气消疝、祛湿的方剂。
柴胡 半夏 茯苓 甘草 白术 泽泻 猪苓 山楂 山栀（炒） 荔枝核（各等分）
以上药材切碎，用水两钟，生姜三片，煎至八分，空腹服用。（《准绳》）
夺命丹，治疗多年或近期的小肠疝气，睾丸偏坠抽搐疼痛，脐下拘挛疼痛，导致烦闷混乱，以及外肾肿胀坚硬，日渐增大，阴间潮湿瘙痒，抓破成疮，都能治疗。
吴茱萸（一斤，去掉枝梗，四两用酒浸泡，四醋浸泡，四两用水浸泡，四两童子小便浸泡，各浸泡一夜，一起焙干。） 泽泻（二两，去掉灰土）
以上研为细末，用酒煮面糊制成丸药，如梧桐子大小，每次服用五十丸，空腹饭前用盐汤或酒送服，神妙不可尽述。冯仲柔说：近年某仓使家传此方，曾在局中合卖。绍熙壬子年冬天，我曾亲自验证有效，当时苦于奔豚病，寒气攻冲，小腹牵引疼痛四天，只服一次，脏腑微微蠕动，疼痛消失随即安宁。另一方名为星斗丸，汤浸者改用盐水浸泡，泽泻用四两，切作粗片，酒浸泡一夜。（《是斋》）
盐花（一大合） 浆水（半大升）
以上两味混合温热，灌入下部，稍后即排出脓液，每日一次，再灌即止。（《外台》）
疝气，将吴茱萸研为细末，每次取一钱匕，用浓醋调匀，摊在纸花子上贴敷脐下，三日更换一次。（《琐碎录》）
寒疝引起筋脉拘急，疼痛牵连小腹，及睾丸偏缩者，取胡椒十余粒研为细末，涂在黑膏上烘热，贴敷阴囊，片刻疼痛即止。若睾丸偏缩者，贴在偏小的一侧，因为收缩即是寒，下垂则是热。（《医通》）
灸法：项关有一男子，突发疝气剧烈疼痛无法忍受，倒在街衢，旁人无法移动他，呼救我救治。我根据经络辨证，邪气客居于足厥阴之络，令人突发疝气，所以病在阴丸疼痛。我急忙针刺泻大敦穴两个，剧痛立即停止。大敦穴，乃是足厥阴经的两个穴位。（《儒门事亲》）（治疗疝气的针灸方法，说法颇为繁杂，此处不全部记录。）
调摄法：患疝气的人，每次洗澡时，忍住小便不去排，进入热水中揉搓使腹部中和舒畅，出浴后立即去小便，使郁积的寒湿乘热发泄。又有疝气入热水导致逼迫上升的，这是证候夹杂奔豚，因此令人畏惧。（《原病集》）
Arwei (Asafoetida, *Ferulae Resina*, 1 liang) Sha (Sand, *Arenae*, 1 liang, boiled with one large cup of wine and Arwei until it becomes a paste) Muxiang (Costus Root, *Aucklandiae Radix*, 3 fen) Kulianzi (Toosendan Fruit, *Toosendan Fructus*, 1 liang, stir-fried until slightly yellow) Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root, *Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*, 1 liang, processed until cracked, skin and umbilical scar removed)
The above medicines are pounded and sieved into fine powder. Add the Sha paste to mix and form pills the size of Sophora seeds (*Sophorae Fructus*). Take ten pills at any time without restriction, administered with hot ginger wine. (Ibid.) Sen Lifu treated unbearable genital pain by removing Arwei and Muxiang from this formula. (Cited in *Wan An Fang*)
Methods for promoting urination: Water and dampness share the same qi, yet water is vast and overflowing while dampness is soaking and permeating; therefore, water pathogens should be purged, whereas dampness should be leached out. Water has form, while dampness transforms into qi; thus, water diseases lack yang, while dampness diseases involve heat. This distinction explains He Zi's differentiation between Shui Han (Water Hernia) and Shan Han (Hernia), which scholars must discern. (*Jin Kui Yi*)
Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), used to treat gathered hernial qi. Add scallion white with roots (2 cun), heart of palm (10 stems), salt-fried fennel seed (one handful), and Sichuan chinaberry fruit (3, pitted). Decoct in water and use the decoction to wash down the powder. It is highly effective. (*De Xiao*) (Refer to previous discussions on syndrome treatment and the section "Treatment cannot be abruptly tonified when deficient".)
Jiajian Chai Ling Tang (Modified Bupleurum and Poria Decoction), used to treat various hernias. This is a formula that harmonizes the liver and kidney, regulates qi, eliminates hernias, and resolves dampness.
Chaihu (Bupleurum Root, *Bupleuri Radix*), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, *Pinelliae Rhizoma*), Fuling (Poria, *Polyporus*), Gancao (Licorice Root, *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma*), Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome, *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma*), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome, *Alismatis Rhizoma*), Zhuling (Polyporus, *Polyporus*), Shanzha (Hawthorn Fruit, *Crataegi Fructus*), Shanzhi (Gardenia Fruit, *Gardeniae Fructus*, stir-fried), Lizhihe (Lychee Seed, *Litchi Semen*). All in equal parts.
Cut into slices. Add two zhong of water and three slices of ginger. Decoct until eight-tenths remain. Take on an empty stomach. (*Zhun Sheng*)
Duoming Dan (Life-Seizing Pill), used to treat long-standing or recent small intestine hernial qi, testicular descent and spasmodic pain, cramping pain below the navel leading to restlessness, swelling and hardness of the external genitals that gradually increases, damp itching in the genital region, and sores caused by scratching. It treats all these conditions.
Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit, *Evodiae Fructus* - 1 jin: remove branches and stems; soak 4 liang in wine, 4 liang in vinegar, 4 liang in water, 4 liang in child's urine; each soaked overnight, then dried together.) Zexie (Alisma Rhizome, *Alismatis Rhizoma* - 2 liang, remove dust and soil)
Grind into fine powder. Use wine-boiled wheat paste to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take fifty pills per dose, before meals on an empty stomach, administered with salt water or wine. The efficacy is miraculous and cannot be fully described. Feng Zhongrou said: In recent years, this formula was passed down by a certain granary commissioner and sold in the bureau. In the winter of Renzi year of Shaoxi era, I personally verified its effectiveness. At that time, I suffered from Ben Tun (Rushing Pig) disease, where cold qi attacked and rushed, causing牵引ing pain in the lower abdomen for four days. After only one dose, the internal organs moved slightly, the pain vanished, and I was immediately relieved. Another name for this formula is Xingdou Wan (Star Bean Pill): for the water-soaked portion, use salt water instead; use 4 liang of Zexie, cut into coarse slices, and soak in wine overnight. (*Shi Zhai*)
External Treatment Formulas: *Ji Yan* treats cold kidneys and pain, and stagnant hernial qi, followed by irrigation with the following prescription.
Yanhua (Salt Flower, *Sal*, one da he) Jiangshui (Sour Rice Water, *Acidi Oryzae Liquor*, half da sheng)
Mix the above two ingredients and warm them. Irrigate the lower part. Soon after, pus will be discharged. Do this once a day; repeat irrigation to stop the condition. (*Wai Tai*)
For hernial qi, grind Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit, *Evodiae Fructus*) into powder. Use one qian bi (measure) each time, mix with strong vinegar, spread on paper flower pieces, and apply to the area below the navel. Change every three days. (*Suo Sui Lu*)
For cold hernia causing tension and pain radiating to the lower abdomen and unilateral retraction of the testicles, grind more than ten grains of pepper (*Piperis Longi Fructus*) into fine powder. Apply to black plaster, warm it, and stick it to the scrotum. The pain stops in a moment. If the testicle is retracted, apply to the smaller side, as retraction indicates cold and prolapse indicates heat. (*Yi Tong*)
Moxibustion Method: A man named Xiang Guan suffered from sudden severe hernia pain that he could not endure, collapsing on the street, unable to be moved by others. He called for my help. Based on channel differentiation, the pathogenic qi had invaded the collaterals of Foot Jueyin, causing sudden hernia and thus pain in the testicles. I urgently reduced the points at Dazhun (LR1, Great Dun, *Dazhun*). The severe pain stopped immediately. Dazhun is a point of the Foot Jueyin Liver Channel. (*Ru Men Shi Qin*) (The theories regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for treating hernias are quite complex and are not recorded here in full.)
Regulation Methods: Patients with hernia often hold their urine during bathing. They enter the hot water, rub their abdomen to make it comfortable, and upon exiting the bath, immediately urinate, allowing the stagnant cold-dampness to be released through heat. There are also cases where hernial qi enters the hot water and is forced upward; this is because the syndrome involves Ben Tun (Rushing Pig), which is why it is feared. (*Yuan Bing Ji*)