此疾前人谓为天刑，盖其为毒厉烈秽恶，非寻常病邪之所比，是以其治多系伐毒之品。薛立斋着《疠疡
机要》，亦非无峻药，然大旨以补法为主。张景岳以为论列已全，岂佞其所好者乎。如释子木《疠疡全书》、
沉亮紫《医学要则》，揭出数十证，稍涉繁冗，今不采入。
源由总说 大风病须眉堕落者，皆从风湿冷得之，或因汗出入水得之，或冷水入肌体得之，或饮酒
卧湿地得之。或当风冲，坐卧树下及湿草上得之。或体痒搔之，渐渐生疮，经年不瘥，即成风疾。八方之风皆
能为邪，邪客于经络，久而不去，与血气相干，则使荣卫不和，淫邪散溢，故面色败，
皮肤伤，鼻柱坏，须眉落。（《病源论》）
经所载疠风者。即方论中所谓大风恶疾癞是也。虽名曰风，未必皆因风，大率多是嗜欲劳动气血，热发汗
泄，不避邪风冷湿，使淫气与卫气相干，致肌肉贲 ，气有所滞，则肌肉不仁，荣气泣浊，则 热不利，故色
败，皮肤疡溃，鼻梁塌坏。《千金》所谓自作不仁极猥之业，虽有悔言，而无
悔心，良得其情。然亦有传染者，又非自致，此则不谨之故，
气血相传，岂宿业缘会之所为也。原其所因，皆不内外涉外所因而成也。（《三因》）
按《三因》云∶虽名曰风，未必皆因风。此论甚善。盖此疾多由嗜欲饮食积毒之所致，因其病证秽恶可
畏，又不可不谓之风也。若夫传染之说，世或有之。虽因其一家血脉，饮食居处，气味之相传者，本无内热积
毒，亦不能染也。（《微义》）
夫大风者，所犯异证多端。或因嗜欲无度，劳伤血气；或蓄大怒，忧愁惊恐，抑郁不伸；或体虚肤空；或
醉后当风；或热解脱，汗出入水；或浴后迎风；或醉卧露地，或手足破伤，引入风毒，或卒风豪雨，寒水湿
障，侵入肌肤。当时感受，以至大风之患病，因以流注经络，传于脏腑，发于四肢，内外熏蒸，而成泡癣。夫
病之源，有三证五死∶一种者风水，二种者传变，三种者自不调摄。（《济急仙方· 然子大风论》）（五死见后。）
大抵此症，多由劳伤气血，腠理不密，或醉后房劳沐浴，或登山涉水，外邪所乘，卫气相搏，湿热相火，
血随火化而致，故淮扬岭南闽间多患之。（《疠疡机要》）
大麻风症，乃天地间异症也，但感受不同。有体虚之人，因骤被阴阳曝晒、雾露风雨之气所侵，感之不
觉，未经发泄，凝滞肌肤，积久必作。又有房欲后体虚，为风邪所袭，或露卧当风，睡卧湿地，或洗浴乘凉，
希图快意，或风水所招，世代留袭，此等相感，俱能致之。其患先从麻木不仁，次发
红斑，久则破烂，浮肿无脓云云。总皆风湿相乘，气血凝滞，表里不和，脏腑痞塞，阳火所变，此其根
蒂也。（《外科正宗》）
癞即《内经》疠风，受天地间肃杀风气，酷烈暴悍，最
为可畏。一因风毒，或汗出解衣入水，或酒后当风。二因湿毒，或坐卧湿地，或冒雨露。三因传染。然未必皆
由外也，内伤饮食热毒过甚，大寒大热房劳秽污，以致火动血热，更加外感风寒冷湿而发。（《入门》）
先哲论此症之由有五∶一曰风水阴阳所损，二曰源流传染所因，三因气秽毒注所犯，四曰保养失度所致，
五曰感冒积郁所生。此言其大略耳。（《医学要则》）
病由受杀物之风 大风病，是受得天地间杀物之风。古人谓之疠风者，以其酷烈暴悍可畏耳。（《丹溪》）
疠风，古方谓之大风恶疾，以其疮痍荼毒，浓汁淋漓，眉鬓堕落，手足指脱，顽痹痛痒，鼻塌眼烂，齿豁
唇揭，病势之可畏耳。若专以房劳嗜欲、饮食积毒之所致，何为遽至于是，故丹溪先生亦谓之受得杀毒之风
也。（《微义》）
《外科精要》为诸疮立法，而不及疠风。风为百病之长，以其残毁肤体，去死为近，一有染此，鲜能免
者，比之疮疡，治法为难，乃不言及。夫八方之风起因于八方，应其时则生物，违其时则杀物。人之禀受有杀
气者，则感而受之，如持虚受物，后又因起居饮食男女 成郁气，二气积于厥躬，脾先受之，乃为湿病。湿积
之久，火气出焉。火气滋蔓，气浊血污（一云，血热凝结，其气不清），化生诸虫，以次传历脏腑。必死
之病，而有可生之理。其始病者，胃气微伤，脾主肌肉，流行甚缓，传变以渐，或可借医药之功而免。谓之
必死，非惟医不知药，悉是不能禁欲，可哀也夫。（《丹溪纂要》）
病必生虫 风起之由，皆是冷热交通，流于五脏，彻入骨中，虚风因湿，和合虫生，便即生患。论其
所犯，多因用力过度，饮食相违，行房太过，毛孔既开，冷热风入五脏，
积于寒热，寒热之风交过通彻，流行诸脉，急者即患。缓者稍远，所食秽杂肉虫生，日久冷热至甚，暴虫遂多，
食人五脏骨髓，及于皮肉筋节，久久皆令坏散，名曰癞风。若其欲治，先与雷丸等散服之出虫，见其虫形青赤
黑黄白等诸色之虫，与药治者，无有不瘥。（《病源论》）
脉候 脉两寸浮而紧，或浮而洪。阳脉浮弦，阴脉实大。脉浮缓者易治，洪大而数者难愈，沉实者
难愈。脉溢者病在上，脉覆者病在下，皆为不治之证也。（《正传》）
证状总说 《肘后》凡癞病皆起于恶风，及触犯忌害得之。初觉皮肤不仁，淫淫苦痒如虫行，或
眼前见物如垂丝，或癃疹赤黑气漭沆，此皆为疾之始，便急疗之。（《外台》）
夫病之生，多从风起，当时微发，不将为害，初入皮肤里，不能自觉，或流通四肢，潜于经脉，或在五
脏，乍寒乍热，纵横脾肾，蔽诸毛腠理，壅塞难通，因兹气血精髓乖离。久而不治，令人顽痹。或汗不流泄，
手足酸疼，针灸不痛。或在面目，习习奕奕。或在胸颈，状如虫行，身体遍痒，搔之生疮。或身面肿，痛彻骨
髓。或顽如钱大，状如蚝毒，或如梳，或如手，锥刺不痛。或青赤黄黑，犹如腐木之形。或痛
无常处，流移非一，或如酸枣，或若悬铃。或似绳缚拘急，难以俯仰，手足不能摇动。眼目流肿，内外生疮，
小便赤黄，尿有余沥。面无颜色，恍惚多忘，其间变状多端。毒虫若食人肝者，眉睫堕落。食人肺，鼻柱
崩倒，或鼻生息肉，孔气不通。若食人脾，语声变散。若食人肾，耳鸣啾啾，或如雷鼓之音。若食人筋脉，肢
节堕落。若食人皮肉，顽痹不觉痛痒。或如针锥所刺，名曰刺风。若虫乘风，走于皮肉，犹若外有虫行。复
有食人皮肉彻外，从于头面，即起为 肉，如桃核小枣。从头面起者，名曰顺风，病从两脚起者，名曰逆
风（按∶《直指》曰∶此风从头起而下者顺，从足起而上者逆。顺则易，逆则难，又当识此）。令人多疮，犹
如癣疥，或如鱼鳞，或痒或痛，黄水流出。初起之时，或如榆荚，或如钱孔，或青或白，或黑或黄，变异无
定，或起或灭，此等皆病之兆状云云。然癞名不一。木癞者，初得先当落目睫，面目痒，如复生疮，三年成大
患，急治之愈，不治患成。火癞者，如火烧疮，或断人支节，七年落眉睫，急治可愈，八年成疾艰治。金
癞者，初得眉落，三年食鼻柱崩倒叵治，良医能愈。土癞者，身体块磊，如鸡子弹丸许，此病宜急治之，
六年便成大患，十五年不治。水癞者，先得水病，因即留停，风触发动，落人眉须，不急治之，经年病成。蟋
蟀癞者，虫如蟋蟀，在人身体内，百节头皆欲血出，三年叵治。面癞者，虫如面，举体艾白难治，熏药可愈，
多年叵治。雨癞者，斑驳或白或赤，眉鬓堕落，亦可治，多年难愈。麻癞者，状似癣瘙，身体狂痒，十年成大
患，可急治之愈。风从体入，或手足刺疮，风冷痹痴，不治，二十年后便成大患，宜急治之。
癞者，得之身体沉重，状似风癞，积久成大患，速治之愈。酒癞者，酒醉卧黍穣上，因汗体虚，风从外入，
落人眉须，令人惶惧，小治大愈。（《病源论》）（按∶此段诸癞，繁冗可疑，然是古说，姑存之。）
恶疾大风，有多种不同。初得虽遍体无异，而眉须已落。有遍体已坏，而眉须俨然。有诸处不异好人，而
四肢腹背有顽处，重者手足十指已有堕落。有患大寒而重衣不暖。有寻常患热，不能暂凉。有身体枯槁者。
有津汁常不止者。有身体干痒彻骨，搔之白皮如麸，手下作疮者（《外台》作卒不作疮）。有疮痍荼毒重迭而
生，昼夜苦痛不已者。有直置顽钝，不知痛痒者。其色亦有多种，有青黄赤白黑光明枯
暗。（《千金》）
一风者，肺经受证，先落眉毛。二风者，肝经受证，面起紫泡。三风者，肾经受证，脚底先穿。四风
者，脾经受证，遍身如癣。五风者，心经受证，先损其目。（《济急仙方》 然子）
初起身上虚痒，或起白屑紫云，如癜风然，或发紫泡疙瘩流脓。（《入门》）（按∶《正宗》曰∶浮肿
无脓。与此不同。）
初起必有一块不知痛痒处起，渐渐沿开，或一块赤白色，
或如癣状者，或如漆触，或如酒颜，甚至白泡，甚至手掌肉瘦削。（《医彀》）
疠疡久而不愈，有不慎起居饮食，内火妄动者。有脏腑伤损，气血疲乏者。有用攻伐之药，气血愈亏
者。有不分兼变相杂，用药失宜者。有病患讳疾忌医者。疠疡愈而复发，有不戒浓味，内热伤脾者。有不戒房
劳，火动伤肾者。有不戒七情，血气伤损者。有余毒未尽，兼症干动者。有气虚六淫外乘者。古人
云此症百无一生，正谓此耳。（《疠疡机要》）
鸟癞白癞 凡癞病，皆是恶风及犯触忌害所得。初觉皮毛变异，或淫淫苦痒如虫行，或眼前见物
如垂丝，言语无定，心常惊恐，皮肉中或如桃李子隐轸赤黑，手足顽痹，针刺不痛，脚下不得蹋地，凡食之
时，开口而鸣，语亦如是，身体疮痛，两肘如绳缚，此名黑癞。（《病源论》）（按∶此与
次条虽析为二证，实不外于前件所举，姑存之。）
凡癞病，语声嘶破，目视不明，四肢顽痹，支节火燃，心里懊热，手脚俱缓，背膂至急，肉如遭劈，身
体手足隐轸起，往往正白在肉里，鼻有息肉，目生白珠，当瞳子，视无
所见，此名白癞。（同上）
麻木 临时麻木，不足介意；惟久麻久木，则气血失虚，风痰辏焉，死血聚焉，肌肤未变色者，勿
作疯治，不过温暖之剂，驱痰活血。气行而血亦行，何麻木之有。（《疠疡全书》）（按∶片仓元周治疠，遇
麻木皮色未变者，于暗室中点火于樟脑以照视之，能分毒浅深。今云肌肤未变色者勿作疯治，盖非精论也。）
死证败证五死者∶一曰皮死，麻木不仁。二曰肉死，割切不痛（按∶《医说》引《琐碎录》云∶癞
病肉先绝）。三曰血死，溃烂成脓。四曰筋死，手足脱落。五曰骨死，鼻梁崩塌，眼断唇番，以致声哑，不能
救治。（《济急仙方》）（按∶此皮肉血等死，未必谓不治症。《疠疡机要》声哑下补目盲。）
不治症（八名）∶乌麻风（黑漆柱一般，骨里黑出来）， 毛风（身上疼痛，衣服也穿不得），李子风（
身上起紫，溃烂深潭），打乌风（口吐白沫，横倒在地，手脚齐起），赤游风（肚腹胀大的），剪指风（
手指并做一块），振斗风（手振），老鼠风（身上日不痛，夜疼）。（同上）
大凡疮愈后口渴，或先渴而患疮，或口舌生疮，或咽喉肿痛，或唇裂舌黄目赤，痰涎上涌者，皆
败症也。（《疠疡机要》）
治法总说 治法，以疏风杀虫逐恶血辈，为之宣通，谨勿用补。（《直指》）
如以药治之，当破血去热，升阳去痒，泻荣□□，辛温
散之，甘温升之，行阳明经，泻心火，补肺气，乃治之正也。（《试效》）
无方不可以治病，而狃于成方，亦不足以奏其神功。用
药固期于对症，而对症之药，经年累月，守之不变，亦非尽善尽美之道也。风淫末疾，前贤论之颇详。然于
此症，终无姑息之见，而毅然峻夺于前，使病根失去，然后补养于后，以收全功，非与中和王道之旨有背也。
良以病有标本，症有轻重，药有奇正，功有缓急。贵乎医者之审量揣摹，出其手眼，划然不移，乃为正传。如
轻症而风药过多，则反能变重。重病而补益太早，则病根终锢而不除。表症而攻里太急，则脏腑必有枯槁之
虞。里症而服药浅，外敷药多，则枝蔓终无收了之局。此又非特枫肉能令目盲，苦参能致头眩，参、 养
患于日久，地黄泥滞于胸脘，种种南辕而北辙也。了然于此，然后百无一失。（《疠疡全书》）
盖除疠之药，服之近而少，疠必不除。服之久且多，疠虽除，药之贻害更大。惟易老祛风丸、东坡四
神丹（用羌活、玄参、当归、生地黄），可以久服取效，取为法焉。（《法律》）
要知脉风成则为疠，然人之荣血，正行于十二经脉之中者也。用平善之药，生血清热为主，驱风杀虫
为辅，更行汗之刺之之法，无不愈者。（同上）
治当辨本症兼症、变症类症、阴阳虚实而治焉。若妄投燥热之类，脓水淋漓，则肝血愈燥，风热愈炽，肾
水愈伤，相火愈旺，反致败症矣。（《疠疡机要》）
前人将这种疾病称为“天刑”，大概是因为它的毒气猛烈、污秽恶劣，不是寻常的病邪所能相比的，所以治疗多使用攻伐毒气的药物。薛立斋撰写了《疠疡机要》，其中也并非没有使用峻猛的药物，但大旨是以补益法为主。张景岳认为关于此病的论述已经全面，难道这是迎合他所喜好的人吗？像释子木的《疠疡全书》、沉亮紫的《医学要则》，列举了几十种证候，稍微有些繁琐冗杂，现在不予采纳。
【源由总说】
患大风病且眉毛胡须脱落的，都是从风湿寒冷之邪引起的。有的因为出汗后入水所致，有的因为冷水侵入肌体所致，有的因为饮酒后睡在潮湿之地所致。有的因为当风受冲，坐卧在树下及湿草上所致。有的因为身体发痒抓挠，渐渐生出疮疡，经过一年不痊愈，就形成风疾。八方之风都能成为邪气，邪气客居于经络，久久不去，与血气相互干扰，就会导致营卫不和，淫邪散溢，所以面色败坏，皮肤受伤，鼻梁塌陷，眉毛胡须脱落。（出自《诸病源候论》）
经书中记载的疠风，就是方论中所谓的大风恶疾癞。虽然名叫风，未必都是因为风邪引起，大体多是嗜欲过度、劳损伤及气血，热盛导致汗出泄越，又不躲避邪风冷湿，使淫气与卫气相互干扰，导致肌肉贲起，气有所阻滞，则肌肉麻木不仁；营气泣浊，则郁热不利，所以面色败坏，皮肤溃疡，鼻梁塌陷毁坏。《千金方》所说的自作不仁极猥琐之事，虽然有后悔的话，但没有后悔的心，确实符合实际情况。然而也有传染的情况，又不是自己招致的，这是因为不谨慎的缘故，气血相传，难道是宿世业缘会合所造成的吗？推究其起因，都是不内外因和外所因而成的。（出自《三因极一病证方论》）
按《三因方》所说：虽然名叫风，未必都是因为风邪。这个论述很好。大概这种病多由嗜欲饮食积毒所致，因为它的病证秽恶可畏，又不可不称之为风。至于传染的说法，世间或许有。即使是因为一家人的血脉、饮食居处、气味相传，如果本来没有内热积毒，也不能被感染。（出自《微义》）
所谓大风，所犯的异证有很多端。有的因为嗜欲无度，劳伤血气；有的蓄积大怒，忧愁惊恐，抑郁不得伸展；有的因为体质虚弱，肌肤空虚；有的因为醉酒后当风；有的因为热病刚愈，汗出入水；有的因为洗澡后迎风；有的因为醉卧露地，或手足破伤，引入风毒；有的因为突然遭遇狂风暴雨，寒水湿气障蔽，侵入肌肤。当时感受邪气，以至于患上大风，因此流注经络，传于脏腑，发于四肢，内外熏蒸，而成泡癣。夫病的根源，有三证五死：一种是风水，二种是传变，三种是自己不调摄。（出自《济急仙方·然子大风论》）（五死的详情见后文。）
大抵这种病症，多由劳伤气血，腠理不致密，或者醉后房事劳累沐浴，或者登山涉水，外邪乘虚而入，卫气与之相搏，湿热相火，血随火化而致病，所以在淮扬、岭南、闽间等地多患此病。（出自《疠疡机要》）
大麻风症，是天地间的一种异症，但感受不同。有体质虚弱的人，因为突然遭受阴阳曝晒、雾露风雨之气所侵，感觉不到，未经发泄，凝滞肌肤，积久必然发作。又有房事后体质虚弱，为风邪所袭，或者露天睡觉当风，睡卧湿地，或者洗浴乘凉，贪图快意，或者被风水所招，世代留袭，这些相互感应，都能导致此病。其患病先从麻木不仁开始，其次发红斑，久了则破烂，浮肿无脓等等。总之都是风湿相乘，气血凝滞，表里不和，脏腑痞塞，阳火所变，这是根本所在。（出自《外科正宗》）
癞即《内经》中的疠风，受天地间肃杀风气，酷烈暴悍，最为可畏。一是因为风毒，或者汗出解衣入水，或者酒后当风。二是因为湿毒，或者坐卧湿地，或者冒雨露。三是因为传染。然而未必都由于外感，内伤饮食热毒过甚，大寒大热房劳秽污，以致火动血热，再加上外感风寒冷湿而发作。（出自《医宗必读》）
先哲论述此症的成因有五种：一是风水阴阳所损，二是源流传染所因，三是气秽毒注所犯，四是保养失度所致，五是感冒积郁所生。这说的是大概情况罢了。（出自《医学要则》）
病由受杀物之风。大风病，是受了天地间杀物之风。古人称之为疠风，是因为它酷烈暴悍可畏。（出自《丹溪心法》）
疠风，古方称之大风恶疾，因为它疮痍荼毒，浓汁淋漓，眉鬓堕落，手足指脱落，顽痹痛痒，鼻梁塌陷眼睛溃烂，牙齿豁落嘴唇翻卷，病势之可畏。如果只认为是房劳嗜欲、饮食积毒所致，怎么会迅速发展到这种地步，所以丹溪先生也称之为受了杀毒之风。（出自《微义》）
《外科精要》为各种疮疡立法，却不及疠风。风为百病之长，因为它残毁肤体，离死亡很近，一旦染上此病，很少能幸免的，比起疮疡，治法更难，却不提及。夫八方之风起因于八方，应合时令则生物，违背时令则杀物。人的禀受有杀气者，则感而受之，如同持虚受物，后来又因为起居饮食男女成郁气，二气积聚于自身，脾先受之，乃为湿病。湿积之久，火气出焉。火气滋蔓，气浊血污（一说，血热凝结，其气不清），化生诸虫，依次传历脏腑。必死之病，而有可生之理。其始病者，胃气微伤，脾主肌肉，流行甚缓，传变以渐，或许可以借医药之功而免除。称之为必死，不仅仅是医生不知药，全都是不能禁欲，可悲啊。（出自《丹溪纂要》）
病必生虫。风起的原因，皆是冷热交通，流于五脏，彻入骨中，虚风因湿，和合虫生，便即生患。论其所犯，多因用力过度，饮食相违，行房太过，毛孔既开，冷热风入五脏，积于寒热，寒热之风交过通彻，流行诸脉，急者即患。缓者稍远，所食秽杂肉虫生，日久冷热至甚，暴虫遂多，食人五脏骨髓，及于皮肉筋节，久久皆令坏散，名曰癞风。如果想要治疗，先用雷丸等散剂服用以排出虫子，看到虫子形状有青赤黑黄白等各种颜色的虫子，用药治疗，没有不痊愈的。（出自《诸病源候论》）
【脉候】
脉两寸浮而紧，或浮而洪。阳脉浮弦，阴脉实大。脉浮缓者易治，洪大而数者难愈，沉实者难愈。脉溢者病在上，脉覆者病在下，皆为不治之证。（出自《医学正传》）
【证状总说】
《肘后备急方》凡癞病皆起于恶风，以及触犯忌害得之。初觉皮肤不仁，淫淫苦痒如虫行，或者眼前见物如垂丝，或者癃疹赤黑气漭沆，这些都是疾病的开始，便要紧急治疗。（出自《外台秘要》）
夫病的产生，多从风而起，当时轻微发作，不以为害，初入皮肤里，不能自觉，或者流通四肢，潜于经脉，或在五脏，乍寒乍热，纵横脾肾，蔽诸毛腠理，壅塞难通，因此气血精髓乖离。久了不治疗，令人顽痹。或者汗不流泄，手足酸疼，针灸不痛。或者在面目，习习奕奕。或者在胸颈，状如虫行，身体遍痒，搔之生疮。或者身面肿，痛彻骨髓。或者顽如钱大，状如蚝毒，或者如梳，或者如手，锥刺不痛。或者青赤黄黑，犹如腐木之形。或者痛无常处，流移非一，或者如酸枣，或者若悬铃。或者似绳缚拘急，难以俯仰，手足不能摇动。眼目流肿，内外生疮，小便赤黄，尿有余沥。面无颜色，恍惚多忘，其间变状多端。毒虫若食人肝者，眉睫堕落。食人肺，鼻柱崩倒，或者鼻生息肉，孔气不通。若食人脾，语声变散。若食人肾，耳鸣啾啾，或者如雷鼓之音。若食人筋脉，肢节堕落。若食人皮肉，顽痹不觉痛痒。或者如针锥所刺，名曰刺风。若虫乘风，走于皮肉，犹若外有虫行。复有食人皮肉彻外，从于头面，即起为赘肉，如桃核小枣。从头面起者，名曰顺风，病从两脚起者，名曰逆风（按：《直指方》说：此风从头起而下者顺，从足起而上者逆。顺则易，逆则难，又应当认识这一点）。令人多疮，犹如癣疥，或者如鱼鳞，或者痒或者痛，黄水流出。初起之时，或者如榆荚，或者如钱孔，或者青或者白，或者黑或者黄，变异无定，或者起或者灭，这些都是病的兆状等等。然而癞名不一。木癞者，初得先当落目睫，面目痒，如复生疮，三年成大患，急治之愈，不治患成。火癞者，如火烧疮，或者断人支节，七年落眉睫，急治可愈，八年成疾艰治。金癞者，初得眉落，三年食鼻柱崩倒叵治，良医能愈。土癞者，身体块磊，如鸡子弹丸许，此病宜急治之，六年便成大患，十五年不治。水癞者，先得水病，因即留停，风触发动，落人眉须，不急治之，经年病成。蟋蟀癞者，虫如蟋蟀，在人身体内，百节头皆欲血出，三年叵治。面癞者，虫如面，举体艾白难治，熏药可愈，多年叵治。雨癞者，斑驳或白或赤，眉鬓堕落，亦可治，多年难愈。麻癞者，状似癣瘙，身体狂痒，十年成大患，可急治之愈。风从体入，或者手足刺疮，风冷痹痴，不治，二十年后便成大患，宜急治之。
癞者，得之身体沉重，状似风癞，积久成大患，速治之愈。酒癞者，酒醉卧黍穣上，因汗体虚，风从外入，落人眉须，令人惶惧，小治大愈。（出自《诸病源候论》）（按：此段诸癞，繁冗可疑，但是古说，姑且保存它。）
恶疾大风，有多种不同。初得虽遍体无异，而眉须已落。有遍体已坏，而眉须俨然。有诸处不异好人，而四肢腹背有顽处，重者手足十指已有堕落。有患大寒而重衣不暖。有寻常患热，不能暂凉。有身体枯槁者。有津汁常不止者。有身体干痒彻骨，搔之白皮如麸，手下作疮者（《外台秘要》作卒不作疮）。有疮痍荼毒重迭而生，昼夜苦痛不已者。有直置顽钝，不知痛痒者。其色亦有多种，有青黄赤白黑光明枯暗。（出自《千金方》）
一风者，肺经受证，先落眉毛。二风者，肝经受证，面起紫泡。三风者，肾经受证，脚底先穿。四风者，脾经受证，遍身如癣。五风者，心经受证，先损其目。（出自《济急仙方》 然子）
初起身上虚痒，或者起白屑紫云，如癜风然，或者发紫泡疙瘩流脓。（出自《医宗必读》）（按：《外科正宗》说：浮肿无脓。与此不同。）
初起必有一块不知痛痒处起，渐渐沿开，或者一块赤白色，或者如癣状者，或者如漆触，或者如酒颜，甚至白泡，甚至手掌肉瘦削。（出自《医彀》）
疠疡久而不愈，有不慎起居饮食，内火妄动者。有脏腑伤损，气血疲乏者。有用攻伐之药，气血愈亏者。有不分兼变相杂，用药失宜者。有病患讳疾忌医者。疠疡愈而复发，有不戒浓味，内热伤脾者。有不戒房劳，火动伤肾者。有不戒七情，血气伤损者。有余毒未尽，兼症干动者。有气虚六淫外乘者。古人云此症百无一生，正是说的这种情况。（出自《疠疡机要》）
鸟癞白癞。凡癞病，皆是恶风及犯触忌害所得。初觉皮毛变异，或者淫淫苦痒如虫行，或者眼前见物如垂丝，言语无定，心常惊恐，皮肉中或者如桃李子隐轸赤黑，手足顽痹，针刺不痛，脚下不得蹋地，凡食之时，开口而鸣，语亦如是，身体疮痛，两肘如绳缚，此名黑癞。（出自《诸病源候论》）（按：此与次条虽析为二证，实在不外于前件所举，姑且保存它。）
凡癞病，语声嘶破，目视不明，四肢顽痹，支节火燃，心里懊热，手脚俱缓，背膂至急，肉如遭劈，身体手足隐轸起，往往正白在肉里，鼻有息肉，目生白珠，当瞳子，视无所见，此名白癞。（同上）
麻木。临时麻木，不足介意；惟久麻久木，则气血失虚，风痰辏焉，死血聚焉，肌肤未变色者，勿作疯治，不过温暖之剂，驱痰活血。气行而血亦行，何麻木之有。（出自《疠疡全书》）（按：片仓元周治疗疠，遇到麻木皮色未变者，在暗室中点火于樟脑以照视之，能分毒浅深。现在说肌肤未变色者勿作疯治，大概不是精辟的论述。）
死证败证五死者：一是皮死，麻木不仁。二是肉死，割切不痛（按：《医说》引《琐碎录》说：癞病肉先绝）。三是血死，溃烂成脓。四是筋死，手足脱落。五是骨死，鼻梁崩塌，眼断唇番，以致声哑，不能救治。（出自《济急仙方》）（按：此皮肉血等死，未必谓不治症。《疠疡机要》声哑下补目盲。）
不治症（八名）：乌麻风（黑漆柱一般，骨里黑出来），毛风（身上疼痛，衣服也穿不得），李子风（身上起紫，溃烂深潭），打乌风（口吐白沫，横倒在地，手脚齐起），赤游风（肚腹胀大的），剪指风（手指并做一块），振斗风（手振），老鼠风（身上日不痛，夜疼）。（同上）
大凡疮愈后口渴，或者先渴而患疮，或者口舌生疮，或者咽喉肿痛，或者唇裂舌黄目赤，痰涎上涌者，都是败症。（出自《疠疡机要》）
【治法总说】
治法，以疏风杀虫逐恶血辈，为之宣通，谨勿用补。（出自《直指方》）
如果用药物治疗，应当破血去热，升阳去痒，泻荣□□，辛温散之，甘温升之，行阳明经，泻心火，补肺气，这才是治疗的正道。（出自《试效方》）
没有方不可以治病，而拘泥于成方，也不足以奏其神功。用药固期于对症，而对症之药，经年累月，守之不变，也不是尽善尽美之道。风淫末疾，前贤论述颇详。然而对于此症，终究没有姑息之见，而毅然峻夺于前，使病根失去，然后补养于后，以收全功，并非与中和王道之旨有背。良以病有标本，症有轻重，药有奇正，功有缓急。贵在医者之审量揣摹，出其手眼，划然不移，才是正传。如轻症而风药过多，则反而能变重。重病而补益太早，则病根终锢而不除。表症而攻里太急，则脏腑必有枯槁之虞。里症而服药浅，外敷药多，则枝蔓终无收了之局。这又不仅仅是枫肉能令目盲，苦参能致头眩，参、耆养患于日久，地黄泥滞于胸脘，种种南辕而北辙也。了然于此，然后百无一失。（出自《疠疡全书》）
大概除疠之药，服之近而少，疠必不除。服之久且多，疠虽除，药之贻害更大。只有易老祛风丸、东坡四神丹（用羌活、玄参、当归、生地黄），可以久服取效，取为法焉。（出自《医宗法律》）
要知道脉风成则为疠，然而人之荣血，正行于十二经脉之中者也。用平善之药，生血清热为主，驱风杀虫为辅，更行汗之刺之之法，无不愈者。（同上）
治疗应当辨本症兼症、变症类症、阴阳虚实而治焉。如果妄投燥热之类，脓水淋漓，则肝血愈燥，风热愈炽，肾水愈伤，相火愈旺，反致败症矣。（出自《疠疡机要》）
Previous generations referred to this disease as "Heaven's Punishment," largely because its toxicity is fierce, filthy, and evil, incomparable to ordinary pathogenic factors. Therefore, treatment mostly involves substances that attack and eliminate toxins. Xue Lizhai authored *Li Yang Ji Yao* (Essentials of Leprosy Treatment), which does not lack the use of potent drugs, but its main principle focuses on tonification methods. Zhang Jingyue believed that discussions on this disease were already comprehensive; was this merely catering to those who favored his views? Works such as Shizi Mu's *Li Yang Quan Shu* (Complete Book of Leprosy) and Chen Liangzi's *Yi Xue Yao Ze* (Medical Essentials), which list dozens of syndromes, are somewhat verbose and redundant, so they are not included here.
**General Discussion on Etiology**
Patients with Da Feng Bing (Great Wind Disease) whose eyebrows and beard fall out generally contract it from wind-damp-cold pathogens. It may result from entering water while sweating, cold water penetrating the body, drinking alcohol and lying on damp ground, or being exposed to wind while sitting or sleeping under trees or on wet grass. Alternatively, scratching an itchy body may gradually lead to sores; if these do not heal after a year, they develop into wind diseases. The winds from all eight directions can become pathogenic. When pathogens lodge in the meridians and remain for a long time, they interfere with blood and qi, causing disharmony between Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) qi. This allows excessive pathogens to spread, leading to a sallow complexion, damaged skin, collapse of the nasal bridge, and loss of eyebrows and beard. (*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
The "Li Feng" (Leprosy/Wind Disease) recorded in classics corresponds to what is called "Da Feng E Ji Lai" (Great Wind, Malignant Disease, Leprosy) in formula theories. Although named "wind," it is not necessarily caused solely by wind. Generally, it results from excessive desires and labor damaging blood and qi, heat causing sweat leakage, and failure to avoid pathogenic wind, cold, and dampness. This causes excessive pathogens to interfere with Wei qi, leading to distended muscles and stagnant qi, resulting in muscle anesthesia. Turbid Ying qi leads to obstructed heat, causing a sallow complexion, ulcerated skin, and collapsed nasal bridge. As stated in *Qian Jin Fang*, this condition often stems from immoral conduct; although regret may be expressed, the heart lacks true remorse, which accurately reflects the situation. However, there are also cases of contagion, which are not self-inflicted but due to carelessness, allowing blood and qi transmission. Is this truly the result of past karma? Tracing the causes, they stem from both internal/external and external pathogenic factors. (*San Yin Ji Yi Bing Zheng Fang Lun*)
According to *San Yin*, although named "wind," it is not necessarily caused by wind. This argument is sound. This disease is mostly caused by accumulated toxins from excessive desires and diet. Because the symptoms are filthy and terrifying, it cannot help but be called "wind." Regarding contagion, it may exist in the world. Even if transmitted through family bloodlines, diet, living conditions, and odors, without internal heat and accumulated toxins, infection cannot occur. (*Wei Yi*)
"Da Feng" presents various heterogeneous syndromes. Causes include: excessive desires damaging blood and qi; suppressed anger, sorrow, fear, or depression; weak constitution and empty skin; exposure to wind after drunkenness; entering water while sweating after fever subsides; facing wind after bathing; sleeping outdoors drunk; introducing wind-toxin through broken skin on hands or feet; or sudden exposure to strong winds, heavy rain, cold water, and dampness invading the skin. Initial infection leads to pathogens flowing into meridians, transmitting to zang-fu organs, manifesting in limbs, steaming internally and externally, forming blister-like lesions. The origins involve three syndromes and five fatal stages: one is wind-water, two is transmission, three is improper self-care. (*Ji Ji Xian Fang*)
Generally, this syndrome arises from labor damaging blood and qi, loose interstices, sexual activity and bathing after drunkenness, climbing mountains or wading through water, allowing external pathogens to invade and clash with Wei qi. Damp-heat and ministerial fire transform blood, causing the disease, which is prevalent in Huaiyang, Lingnan, and Min regions. (*Li Yang Ji Yao*)
Da Ma Feng (Giant Leprosy) is a unique disease in heaven and earth, contracted differently. Weak individuals may be invaded by sun exposure, fog, dew, wind, and rain imperceptibly. Without venting, stagnation occurs in the skin, eventually manifesting over time. Others may have weak constitutions after sexual activity, attacked by wind pathogens, sleeping outdoors in wind or dampness, cooling off after bathing for pleasure, or attracting wind-water. These factors, sometimes inherited across generations, can cause the disease. It begins with numbness and anesthesia, followed by red spots, eventually becoming ulcerated and edematous without pus. Ultimately, wind-dampness combines, blood and qi stagnate, interior-exterior disharmony occurs, zang-fu obstruction arises, and yang-fire transforms, forming the root. (*Wai Ke Zheng Zong*)
"Lai" refers to "Li Feng" in *Nei Jing*. It is caused by the austere, violent, and fierce killing wind of heaven and earth, which is most terrifying. Causes include: 1. Wind-toxin (sweating undressing into water, or wind after drinking); 2. Damp-toxin (sleeping on damp ground, or exposed to rain/dew); 3. Contagion. However, it is not always external. Internal injury from excessive dietary heat toxins, extreme cold/heat, sexual fatigue, and filth cause fire to move and blood to heat up, compounded by external wind-cold-dampness. (*Ru Men*)
Ancient philosophers listed five causes: 1. Damage from wind-water and yin-yang imbalance; 2. Transmission sources; 3. Infestation by foul/toxic qi; 4. Improper maintenance; 5. Generation from cold damage and accumulated depression. This covers the general outline. (*Yi Xue Yao Ze*)
The disease arises from receiving the "killing wind" of heaven and earth. Ancient times called it "Li Feng" because it is fierce and terrifying. (*Dan Xi Xin Fa*)
"Li Feng," known in ancient formulas as "Da Feng E Ji," is characterized by severe ulcers, dripping pus, falling eyebrows/beard, detached fingers/toes, numbness/pain/itching, collapsed nose, rotten eyes, missing teeth, and everted lips. Its progression is terrifying. If attributed solely to sexual fatigue, desires, and dietary toxins, how could it progress so rapidly? Thus, Danxi referred to it as contracting "killing wind." (*Wei Yi*)
*Wai Ke Jing Yao* establishes laws for various sores but omits Li Feng. Wind is the chief of hundred diseases; it destroys the body and is close to death. Once infected, few escape. Compared to sores, treatment is more difficult, yet it is omitted. Winds from eight directions originate from eight directions; when timely, they generate life; when untimely, they kill. Those with innate "killing qi" are susceptible, like holding emptiness to receive objects. Subsequently, lifestyle, diet, and sexuality create stagnant qi. Both qi accumulate in the body, affecting the Spleen first, leading to dampness. Long-standing dampness generates fire. Fire spreads, causing turbid qi and polluted blood (or hot blood coagulation), generating worms that transmit sequentially through zang-fu. Though deemed fatal, survival is possible. Initially, Stomach qi is slightly damaged; Spleen governs muscles, circulation is slow, and transmission is gradual. Medical intervention might prevent death. Calling it "fatal" implies not only medical ignorance but also patients' inability to abstain from desires, which is pitiable. (*Dan Xi Zuan Yao*)
Disease inevitably generates worms. Wind arises from cold-heat interaction, flowing into five zang, penetrating bones. Deficient wind combines with dampness to generate worms, causing illness. Causes include overexertion, improper diet, excessive intercourse. With open pores, cold-hot wind enters five zang, accumulating in cold-heat. Cold-hot wind circulates through meridians; acute cases manifest immediately; chronic cases take longer. Filthy food generates meat-worms. Over time, extreme cold-heat produces numerous violent worms that eat five zang marrow, skin, flesh, tendons, and joints, eventually destroying them, named "Lai Feng." To treat, administer pills like Lei Wan (Polyporus Pill) to expel worms. Observing worms of various colors (green, red, black, yellow, white) confirms diagnosis. Medication ensures recovery. (*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
**Pulse Diagnosis**
Pulses at both Cun positions are floating and tight, or floating and surging. Yang pulses are floating and wiry; Yin pulses are solid and large. Floating-slow pulses are easy to treat; surging-large-rapid pulses are difficult to cure; deep-solid pulses are difficult to cure. Overflowing pulses indicate upper-body disease; inverted pulses indicate lower-body disease; both are incurable. (*Yi Xue Zheng Chuan*)
**General Discussion on Symptoms**
*Zhou Hou Bi Ji Fang* states that Lai disease originates from aversion to wind and violating taboos. Initially, skin feels insensible, itching painfully like insects crawling, visual disturbances like hanging threads, or dark/red-black rashes. These mark the onset, requiring urgent treatment. (*Wai Tai Mi Yao*)
Disease generation mostly starts with wind. Early mild manifestations cause no harm initially. Entering skin deeply, it goes unnoticed, circulating in limbs, hiding in meridians, or residing in five zang. Alternating chills and fever, affecting Spleen and Kidney, blocking hair follicles and interstices, obstructing flow, causes separation of blood, qi, and essence. Untreated long-term, it leads to stubborn numbness. Lack of sweating, sore limbs, insensitivity to acupuncture/moxibustion. Manifestations on face/head feel tingling; on chest/neck, like insects crawling; whole-body itching leads to sores upon scratching. Facial/body swelling, bone-deep pain. Hard patches like coins, oyster shells, combs, or hands; insensitive to needle pricking. Colors: green, red, yellow, black, resembling rotting wood. Pain migrates unpredictably, like sour jujubes or hanging bells. Constriction like rope binding, difficulty bending/extending, immobility of limbs. Swollen eyes, internal/external sores, dark-yellow urine with dribbling. Pale complexion, confusion, forgetfulness. Variations are manifold.
If toxic worms eat the Liver, eyebrows/eyelashes fall. If eating Lungs, nasal bridge collapses, nasal polyps form, breathing blocked. If eating Spleen, voice becomes scattered. If eating Kidneys, tinnitus sounds like buzzing or thunder drums. If eating tendons/meridians, limbs detach. If eating skin/flesh, numbness persists, insensitive to pain/itch. Prickling sensation named "Ci Feng." Worms moving in skin/flesh feel like external crawling. Worms eating skin/flesh emerge on head/face, forming fleshy growths like peach pits or dates. Starting from head/face is "Shun Feng" (Smooth Wind); starting from feet is "Ni Feng" (Reverse Wind). (*Zhi Zhi Fang*: Head-down is smooth/easy; foot-up is reverse/difficult.) Causes many sores like tinea/impetigo, fish scales, itching/pain, yellow fluid discharge. Initial appearance: elm seeds, coin holes, varying colors (green/white/black/yellow), changing不定ly. These are signs of the disease.
Names of Lai vary:
* **Mu Lai (Wood Leprosy):** Eyelashes fall first, face/eyes itch, sores reappear. Becomes severe in 3 years; urgent treatment cures, neglect causes severity.
* **Huo Lai (Fire Leprosy):** Like burning sores, may sever limbs. Eyebrows/eyelashes fall in 7 years; urgent cure possible, hard to treat in 8 years.
* **Jin Lai (Metal Leprosy):** Eyebrows fall first. Nose collapses in 3 years (incurable usually, but good doctors may cure).
* **Tu Lai (Earth Leprosy):** Body lumps, size of chicken eggs. Urgent treatment needed; severe in 6 years, incurable in 15 years.
* **Shui Lai (Water Leprosy):** Starts with water disease, stagnates. Wind triggers it, causing eyebrow/beard loss. Neglect leads to chronicity.
* **Xi Shuai Lai (Cricket Leprosy):** Worms like crickets inside body, bleeding from joints. Incurable in 3 years.
* **Mian Lai (Face Leprosy):** Worms like flour, body turns pale-white. Difficult to treat, fumigation may help, but chronic cases are hard.
* **Yu Lai (Rain Leprosy):** Mottled white/red, eyebrow/beard loss. Treatable, but chronic cases are hard.
* **Ma Lai (Hemp Leprosy):** Like tinea/eczema, intense itching. Severe in 10 years; urgent treatment cures.
* **Feng Lai:** Wind enters body, prickling sores on limbs, cold-numbness. Neglect leads to severe disease in 20 years; urgent treatment needed.
* **Lai (General):** Heavy body, similar to wind-Lai. Accumulates over time; fast treatment cures.
* **Jiu Lai (Wine Leprosy):** Sleeping on millet chaff while drunk/sweaty. Weakness allows external wind, causing eyebrow/beard loss, fear. Minor treatment yields major recovery. (*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
Malignant Great Wind varies. Some have uniform body but lost eyebrows/beard. Some have destroyed bodies but intact eyebrows/beard. Some look normal except for hard patches on limbs/back; severe cases lose fingers/toes. Some suffer great cold despite heavy clothing. Some suffer constant heat unable to cool. Some are emaciated. Some have constant fluid discharge. Some have dry, bone-deep itching, scratching reveals bran-like white skin, forming sores. Some have overlapping severe ulcers, day/night pain. Some are dull, insensitive to pain/itch. Colors vary: green, yellow, red, white, black, bright, dull. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
* **First Wind:** Lung meridian syndrome, eyebrows fall first.
* **Second Wind:** Liver meridian syndrome, purple blisters on face.
* **Third Wind:** Kidney meridian syndrome, soles perforate first.
* **Fourth Wind:** Spleen meridian syndrome, body looks like tinea.
* **Fifth Wind:** Heart meridian syndrome, eyes damaged first. (*Ji Ji Xian Fang*)
Initial stage: body itches vacuously, white scales/purple clouds appear like vitiligo, or purple blisters/papules ooze pus. (*Ru Men*) Note: *Zheng Zong* says edema without pus, differing here.
Initial stage: a patch of insensibility appears, spreading. Red-white patches, tinea-like, lacquer-touch texture, wine-red hue, white blisters, or wasting of palm flesh. (*Yi Gou*)
Chronic Li Yang not healing may result from: careless lifestyle/diet causing internal fire; organ damage/blood-q i exhaustion; aggressive drugs depleting blood/qi; inappropriate medication for mixed syndromes; patient concealing illness. Recurrence may result from: rich foods damaging Spleen with internal heat; sexual fatigue injuring Kidney with fire; seven emotions damaging blood/qi; residual toxins activating complications; Qi deficiency allowing six excesses invasion. Ancients said "one in a hundred survives," referring to these factors. (*Li Yang Ji Yao*)
**Bird Lai and White Lai**
All Lai diseases come from evil wind and violating taboos. Initial signs: skin/hair changes, painful itching like insects, visual threads, erratic speech, constant fear. Skin/flesh has hidden red-black bumps like plum/peach pits. Limbs numb, insensitive to needles. Feet cannot touch ground. Mouth opens and makes sounds when eating. Body sores/pain, elbows bound like ropes. Named **Hei Lai** (Black Leprosy). (*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
All Lai diseases: hoarse voice, blurred vision, limb numbness, burning joints, inner restlessness/heat, limp limbs, tense back/spine, flesh feels hacked. Body/lime hidden bumps, often white inside flesh. Nasal polyps, white pearls on pupils, blindness. Named **Bai Lai** (White Leprosy). (Ibid.)
**Numbness**
Temporary numbness is negligible. Chronic numbness/stupor indicates deficient blood/qi, accumulation of wind-phlegm, and stasis. If skin color hasn't changed, do not treat as madness. Use warming agents to dispel phlegm and invigorate blood. As qi moves, blood moves, and numbness resolves. (*Li Yang Quan Shu*) Note: Piancang Yuanzhou treated Lai with numbness by lighting camphor in a dark room to see toxin depth. Saying "no color change means not madness" is likely not precise.
**Fatal and Defeated Syndromes**
**Five Deaths:**
1. **Pi Si (Skin Death):** Numbness and insensibility.
2. **Rou Si (Flesh Death):** Insensitive to cutting (*Yi Shuo* cites *Sui Suo Lu*: flesh dies first).
3. **Xue Si (Blood Death):** Ulceration and suppuration.
4. **Jin Si (Tendon Death):** Detachment of hands/feet.
5. **Gu Si (Bone Death):** Collapsed nose, ruptured eyes, everted lips, aphonia, incurable. (*Ji Ji Xian Fang*) Note: These deaths don't necessarily mean incurable. *Li Yang Ji Yao* adds blindness after aphonia.
**Incurable Syndromes (Eight Names):**
1. **Wu Ma Feng:** Black as lacquered pillar, blackness emerges from bones.
2. **Mao Feng:** Body pain, cannot wear clothes.
3. **Li Zi Feng:** Purple eruptions, deep ulcers.
4. **Da Wu Feng:** Foaming at mouth, collapsing horizontally, limbs rising simultaneously.
5. **Chi You Feng:** Abdominal distension.
6. **Jian Zhi Feng:** Fingers fused together.
7. **Zhen Dou Feng:** Hand tremors.
8. **Lao Shu Feng:** No pain by day, pain by night. (Ibid.)
Post-sores thirst, pre-sores thirst, mouth/tongue sores, throat swelling, cracked lips, yellow tongue, red eyes, surging phlegm-saliva are all defeated syndromes. (*Li Yang Ji Yao*)
**General Discussion on Treatment Methods**
Treatment should focus on dispersing wind, killing worms, and driving out evil blood to promote circulation. Strictly avoid tonification. (*Zhi Zhi Fang*)
If treating with herbs: break blood, clear heat, raise yang, relieve itching, drain Ying [qi], disperse with acrid-warm, raise with sweet-warm, act on Yangming meridian, drain Heart fire, tonify Lung qi. This is the correct approach. (*Shi Xiao Fang*)
No formula fails to treat disease, but sticking rigidly to established formulas lacks divine efficacy. Medication must match symptoms, but using the same symptomatic medicine for years without change is not perfect. "Wind excess leads to terminal disease" is well discussed by ancients. For this disease, however, one must not hesitate. Decisively attack the root first to remove the disease foundation, then tonify afterwards to complete the cure. This does not contradict the principle of harmony and kingly way. Diseases have root/branch, syndromes have severity, medicines have standard/exotic, effects have slow/fast. The physician must judge carefully. Excessive wind medicine for mild cases worsens them. Early tonification for severe cases traps the root. Aggressive interior purgation for exterior syndromes risks organ withering. Shallow oral medication with heavy topical application for interior syndromes leaves branches unresolved. This applies to Fang Rou causing blindness, Ku Shen causing dizziness, Ren Shen/Astragalus prolonging illness, Di Huang causing chest fullness—various ways going astray. Understanding this ensures success. (*Li Yang Quan Shu*)
Drugs removing Li must be taken for a long time and in sufficient quantity; otherwise, Li will not be removed. Taking them too long/heavily removes Li but causes greater drug harm. Only Yilao Qu Feng Wan (Dispelling Wind Pill) and Dongpo Si Shen Dan (Four Spirit Elixir, containing Qiang Huo, Xuan Shen, Dang Gui, Sheng Di Huang) can be taken long-term for effect. Take these as models. (*Yi Zong Fa Lv*)
Know that pulse-wind becomes Li. Ying blood flows in the twelve meridians. Using gentle drugs, primarily generating blood and clearing heat, assisting with dispelling wind and killing worms, plus sweating and needling methods, ensure recovery. (Ibid.)
Treatment must differentiate primary/secondary syndromes, transformed/classified syndromes, yin/yang, deficiency/excess. Prescribing drying-hot drugs causes dripping pus, drying Liver blood, intensifying wind-heat, damaging Kidney water, boosting ministerial fire, leading to defeat syndromes. (*Li Yang Ji Yao*)