寸口脉涩，是胃气不足。关脉数，胃中有客热。关脉缓，其人不欲食，此胃气不调，脾气不足。关脉滑，
胃中有
热，滑为热实，以气满故不欲食，食即吐逆。关脉弦，胃中有寒，心下厥逆，此以胃气虚故尔。关脉弱，胃气
虚，胃中有客热，脉弱为虚热作病，其说云有热不可大攻之，热去则寒起。关脉迟，胃中寒。关脉实，胃中痛。
关脉牢，脾胃气塞，盛热即腹满响响。关脉洪，胃中热，必烦满。（同上）
关上脉浮而大，风在胃中，张口肩息，心下淡淡，食欲呕。关上脉微浮（《病源论》无微字），积热在胃
中，呕吐蛔虫，心健忘。尺脉弱寸强，胃络脉伤。（同上）
胃者腑也，又名水谷之海，与脾为表里。胃者人之根本也，胃气壮，则五脏六腑皆壮，足阳明是其经也。胃
气绝，则五日死。实则中胀便难，肢节疼痛，不下食，呕吐不已。虚则肠鸣胀满，引水滑泄。寒则腹中痛，不
能食冷物。热则面赤如醉人，四肢不收持，不得安卧，语狂目乱，便硬者是也。病甚则腹胁胀满，吐逆不入食，
当心痛，上下不通，恶闻食臭，嫌人语，振寒，喜伸欠。胃中热则唇黑，热甚则登高而歌，弃衣而走，颠狂不定，
汗出额上，鼽衄不止。虚极则四肢肿满，胸中短气，谷不化，中消也，胃中风，则溏泄不已。胃不足，则多饥
不消食。病患鼻下平，则胃中病，渴者不可治。（一本无上十三字，作微燥而渴者可治。）（《中藏经》）
胃实 右手关上阳实者，胃实也，苦肠中伏伏（一作 ），不思食物，得食不能消。（《脉经》）
右手关上脉阳实者，足阳明经也，病苦腹中坚痛而热（《千金》作病苦头痛），汗不出，如温疟，唇口干，
善哕，乳痈，缺盆腋下肿痛。（同上）
夫胃实则热，热则恒渴引水，头痛如疟，唇口皆干，喜哕，或生乳痈，及缺盆腋下肿，腹胀身热，心悬消
谷喜饥，溺
色黄者，则是胃实热之候也。（《圣惠方》）
胃实六证∶谵语发狂发斑，弃衣而走，登高而歌，属胃家邪热实；口臭，数欲饮食，属胃火；嘈杂，属胃
火；口淡，属胃热，呕吐，属胃火者，必面赤，小便短赤或涩，大便多燥，口苦或干渴；吞酸，属胃火。（《本
草经疏》）
胃虚 右手关上阳绝者，无胃脉也，苦吞酸头痛，胃中有冷。（《脉经》）
右手关上脉阳虚者，足阳明经也，病苦胫寒，不得卧，恶寒洒洒，目急，腹中痛虚鸣（《外台》作耳虚鸣），
时寒时热，唇口干，面目浮肿。（同上）
胃虚则生寒，寒则苦饥，心腹恒痛，两胁虚胀，咽喉不利，食饮不下，面目浮肿，淅淅恶风，目中急，足
胫寒，不得安卧，则是胃虚冷之候也。（《圣惠方》）
胃虚七证∶胃弱不纳食，及不思饮食；胃虚呕吐，宜分寒热；霍乱转筋，属胃虚，猝中邪恶气及毒瓦斯，兼
有停滞所致（转筋与肝经血虚不同）；绞肠痧，属胃气虚，猝中天地邪恶秽污之气，郁于胸腹；中恶，腹中 痛，
属胃气虚，恶气客之所致；反胃，属胃气虚；中酒，属胃弱。（《本草经疏》）
脾胃俱实 右手关上脉阴阳俱实者，足太阴与阳明经俱实也，病苦脾胀腹坚，抢胁下痛，胃气不转，大
便难，时反泄利，腹中痛，上冲肺肝，动五脏，立喘鸣多惊，身热汗不出，喉痹精少。（《脉经》）
脾胃俱虚 右手关上脉阴阳俱虚者，足太阴与阳明经俱虚也，病苦胃中如空状，少气不足以息，四逆
寒，泄注不已。（《脉经》）
肺病证 肺伤者，其人劳倦则咳唾血，其脉细紧浮数，
皆吐血，此为躁扰嗔怒得之，肺伤气拥所致。肺病，其色白，身体但寒无热，时时咳，其脉微迟，为可治。肺病，
身当有热，咳嗽短气，唾出脓血，其脉当短涩，今反浮大，其色当白而反赤者，此是火之克金，为大逆，十
死不治。（《脉经》）
肺气通于鼻，和则能知香臭矣。有寒则善咳，实则鼻流清涕。凡虚实寒热，则皆使人喘嗽。其脉沉浊者病在
内，浮清者病在外。肺死则鼻孔开而黑枯，喘而目直视也。又肺绝则十二日死，其状足满，泻痢不觉出也。面白
目青，此谓乱经，亦不可治。又饮酒当风，中于肺则咳嗽喘闷，见血者不可治，无血者可治，面黄目白者可治。
肺病颊赤者死，又言音喘急，短气好唾（一作睡），十死十，百死百，大逆之兆也。又阳气上而不降，燔于肺，
肺自结邪，胀满喘急，狂言瞑目，非常所说，而口鼻张，大小便头俱胀，饮水无度，此因热伤于肺，肺化为血，
不可治则半岁死。又其人素声清而雄者，暴不响亮，而拖气用力，言语难出，视不转睛，虽未为病，其人不久。又
肺病，实则上气喘急咳嗽，身热脉大也。虚则力乏喘促，右胁胀，语言气短（一作促）者是也。又乍寒乍热，
鼻塞颐赤面白，皆肺病之候也。（《中藏经》）
肺实 右手关前寸口阴实者，肺实也，苦少气，胸中满，彭彭与肩相引。（《脉经》）
右手寸口气口以前脉阴实者，手太阴经也，病苦肺胀，汗出若露，上气喘逆，咽中塞，如欲呕状。（同上）
（《千金》曰∶肺实热也。）
肺实八证∶喘急，属肺有实热，及肺气上逆；气壅，属肺热气逆；声重痰稠，属肺热；肺痈，属肺热极；
肺胀闷，属肺热；吐脓血血痰，咳嗽嗽血，属肺家火实热甚，此正邪气胜则实之谓；喉癣，属肺热；上消，属
肺家实火，及上
焦热。（《本草经疏》）
肺虚 右手关前寸口阴绝者，无肺脉也，苦短气咳逆，喉中塞，噫逆。（《脉经》）
右手寸口气口以前脉阴虚者，手太阴经也，病苦少气不足以息，嗌干不朝津液。（同上）（《千金》曰∶
名曰肺虚冷也，）
肺气若不足，肚胀不能安，呕逆及上气，悲思数多端，形寒似饮冷，肺损唾痰涎，皮毛不觉起，恚怒数
千般，肩脊背强痛，梦里鬼相牵，鼻中不觉气，寻常骨胳干，此为肺不足，不疗病成难。（《五脏论》）
夫肺为华盖，覆于诸脏，若肺虚则生寒，寒则阴气盛，阴气盛则声嘶，语言用力，颤掉缓弱，少气不足，
咽中干无津液，虚寒乏气，恐怖不乐，咳嗽及喘，鼻有清涕，皮毛焦枯，诊其脉沉缓者，此是肺虚之候也。
（《圣惠方》）
夫脏腑之精，皆上注于肺。肺主于气，气为卫，流行于诸阳之经，荣华于皮毛。若其气不足，则胸膈短气，
咽中闭塞，咳逆涕唾，寒从背起，口中如含霜雪，语言失声，皮毛萎瘁，皆肺气不足之候也。（同上）
肺虚七证∶ 喘，属肺虚有热，因而痰壅；咳嗽吐血痰，属肺热甚；声哑，属肺热甚∶咽喉燥痛，属水涸
火炎，肺热之极，此证法所难治；肺痿，属肺气虚，有热；龟胸，属肺热有痰；息贲，属肺气虚，痰热壅结所
致。（《本草经疏》）
大肠实 右手关前寸口阳实者，大肠实也，苦肠中切痛，如锥刀所刺，无休息时。（《脉经》）
（《病源论》作无休息，腰背寒痹挛急。）
右手寸口气口以前脉阳实者，手阳明经也，病苦腹满善喘咳，面赤身热，喉咽中如核状。（同上）（《千金》曰∶
名曰大肠实热也。）
大肠有宿食，寒栗发热有时，如疟状。（同上）
大肠实四证∶便 闭，肠风下血，属大肠湿热；脏毒，属血热；肠痈，属大肠实火。（《本草经疏》）
大肠虚 右手关前寸口阳绝者，无大肠脉也，苦少气，心下有水气，立秋节即咳。（《脉经》）
右手寸口气口以前脉阳虚者，手阳明经也，病苦胸中喘，肠鸣，虚渴唇口干，目急善惊泄白。（同上）
（《千金》曰∶名曰大肠虚冷也。）
大肠寒则泄，热则结，绝则泄利无度，利绝而死也。虚寒则滑泄不定。大肠乍虚乍实，乍来乍去，寒则
溏泄，热则垢重。（按此有讹文）积冷不去，则当脐而痛，不能久立，痛已则泄白物是也。（《中藏经》）
大肠虚四证∶虚热便闭不通，属血虚，津液不足；虚寒滑泄不禁，属气虚；肠鸣，属气虚；脱肛，属气虚，
兼有湿热。（《本草经疏》）
肺大肠俱实 右手寸口气口以前脉阴阳俱实者，手太阴与阳明经俱实也，病苦头痛目眩，惊狂，喉痹痛，
手臂卷，唇吻不收。（《脉经》）
肺大肠俱虚 右手寸口气口以前脉阴阳俱虚者，手太阴与阳明经俱虚也，病苦耳鸣嘈嘈，时妄见光明，
情中不乐，或如恐怖。（《脉经》）
肾病证 肾脉沉之大而坚，浮之大而紧，苦手足骨肿，厥而阴不兴，腰脊痛，少腹肿，心下有水气，
时胀闭时泄，得之浴水中，身未干而合房内，及劳倦发之。肾病，其色黑，其气虚弱，吸吸少气，两耳苦聋，
腰痛，时时失精，饮食减少，膝以下清，其脉沉滑而迟，此为可治。肾病，手足逆冷，
面赤目黄，小便不禁，骨节烦疼，少腹结痛，气冲于心，其脉当沉细而滑，今反浮大，其色当黑而反黄，此是
土之克水，为大逆，十死不治。（《脉经》）
肾实 左手关后尺中阴实者，肾实也，苦恍惚健忘，目视KT KT ，耳聋怅怅善鸣。右手关后尺中阴实者，
肾实也，苦骨疼腰脊痛，内寒热。（《脉经》）
左手尺中神门以后脉阴实者，足少阴经也，病苦膀胱胀闭，少腹与腰脊相引痛。左手尺中神门以后脉阴实
者，足少阴经也，病苦舌燥咽肿，心烦嗌干，胸胁时痛，喘咳汗出，小腹胀满，腰背强急，体重骨热，小便赤
黄，好怒好忘，足下热疼，四肢黑，耳聋。（《千金》曰∶名曰肾实热也。）右手尺中神门以后脉阴实者，足
少阴经也，病苦痹，身热心痛，脊胁相引痛，足逆热烦。（同上）（《千金》曰∶名曰肾实热也。）
肾气盛为志有余，则病腹胀飧泄，体肿喘咳，汗出憎风，面目黑，小便黄，是为肾气之实也，则宜泻之。
（《病源论》）
其证少腹胀满，小便黄赤，末有余沥，数而痛者，此肾实也。（《圣济总录》）
肾无实，故无泻法。命门实二证∶强阳不倒，属命门火实，弧阳无阴所致，此证多不治；水窍涩痛，属命
门实火。（《本草经疏》）
肾虚（多唾） 左手关后尺中阴绝者，无肾脉也，苦足下热，两髀里急，精气竭少，劳倦所致。右
手关后尺中阴绝者，无肾脉也，苦足逆冷，上抢胸痛，梦入水见鬼，善厌寐，黑色物来掩人上。（《脉经》）
左手尺中神门以后脉阴虚者，足少阴经也，病苦心中闷，下重足肿，不可以按地。右手尺中神门以后脉阴
虚者，足
少阴经也，病苦足胫小弱，恶风寒，脉代绝时不至，足寒，上重下轻，行不可以按地，少腹胀满，上抢胸胁，
痛引肋下。（同上）（《千金》并曰∶名曰肾虚寒也。）
肾气不足则厥，腰背冷，胸内痛，耳鸣苦聋，是为肾气之虚也，则宜补之。（《病源论》）
肾气若不足，腰胯收摄难，恍惚心少力，重听不闻言，眼前如艳水，冷气在腰间，身中悉皆痒，骨痛不能安，
坐复身拘急，气乏咽喉干，状似烊胶汁，腰胯强如寒，此为肾不足，于身不自安。（《五脏论》）
夫肾脏者，足少阴之经也，左则为肾，右则为命门。肾与命门者，神精之所舍，元气之所系也。若肾虚则
腰背切痛，不能俯仰，足胫小弱，多恶风寒，手足厥冷，呼吸少气，骨节烦痛，脐腹结痛，面色黧黑，两耳虚
鸣，肌骨干枯，小便滑数，诊其脉浮细而数者，是肾虚之候也。（《圣惠方》）
水饮非升降不能传导，非阳药不能消烁。肾虚多唾者，缘肾脏不足，阳气虚微，而又阴寒凝结，停滞于胸
膈之间，不能消烁，上溢于齿牙，故喜唾也。（《圣济总录》）
肾虚即肾水真阴不足十八证∶肾虚腰痛，属精气虚；骨乏无力，属阴精不足，虚主骨故也；骨蒸潮热，属
精血虚极，以致阳无所附，火空上炎；传尸劳；五心烦热，属真阴不足；梦遗泄精，属肾虚有火；小便短涩，热
赤频数，属肾虚有火；溺有余沥，属气虚；溺血血淋，属肾虚有火，热伤血分；伤精白浊，属房劳过度，以致
精伤流出，似白浊证；五淋，属肾虚兼有湿热；精塞水窍不通，属房欲不竟，或思欲不遂，或惧泄忍精，或老
人气不足以送精出窍；齿浮，真牙摇动，及下龈软，或齿衄，属肾虚有热；下消，属肾阴虚，火伏下焦；善恐，
属肾气虚，肾藏志故也；阴窍漏气，属肾气虚不固，肾主纳气，虚则不能纳，故见是证；疝属肾虚，寒湿邪乘虚
客之所致，丹溪谓与肾经绝无相干者，误也，又有先因湿邪为病，后成湿热者，药宜分寒热先后二途；奔豚，属肾虚，
脾家湿邪下传客肾所致。（《本草经疏》）命门虚即元阳真火不足四证；阴痿，属命门火衰，下焦虚寒；精寒精薄，属命门
火衰，阳气不足；肾泄，即五更及黎明泄泻者是也，属命门真火不足，畏寒足冷。（同上）
膀胱实 左手关后尺中阳实者，膀胱实也，苦逆冷，胁下有邪气相引痛。右手关后尺中阳实者，膀胱实也，苦
少腹满，引腰痛。（《脉经》）
左手尺中神门以后脉阳实者，足太阳经也，病苦逆满，腰中痛不可俯仰，劳也。右手尺中神门以后脉阳实者
寸口脉涩，是胃气不足。关脉数，胃中有客热。关脉缓，其人不欲食，此胃气不调，脾气不足。关脉滑，胃中有热，滑为热实，以气满故不欲食，食即吐逆。关脉弦，胃中有寒，心下厥逆，此以胃气虚故尔。关脉弱，胃气虚，胃中有客热，脉弱为虚热作病，其说云有热不可大攻之，热去则寒起。关脉迟，胃中寒。关脉实，胃中痛。关脉牢，脾胃气塞，盛热即腹满响响。关脉洪，胃中热，必烦满。（同上）
寸口脉象涩滞，表明胃气不足。关部脉象数（快速），说明胃中有外来邪热。关部脉象缓（松弛），患者不想进食，这是胃气失调、脾气不足所致。关部脉象滑（流利），胃中有热，滑脉主热实证，因为气机壅满所以不想吃东西，吃了就会呕吐反逆。关部脉象弦（如按琴弦），胃中有寒，心窝处出现厥逆感，这是因为胃气虚弱的原因。关部脉象弱（细软无力），胃气虚弱，胃中有外来邪热，脉弱表示因虚热而致病，说法认为有热证不可用猛烈药物攻伐，若热邪去除则寒邪便会兴起。关部脉象迟（缓慢），胃中有寒。关部脉象实（有力），胃中疼痛。关部脉象牢（沉实坚长），脾胃之气闭塞，热盛则腹部胀满且伴有肠鸣声。关部脉象洪（盛大），胃中有热，必定会出现烦躁胀满的症状。（同上）
关上脉浮而大，风在胃中，张口肩息，心下淡淡，食欲呕。关上脉微浮（《病源论》无微字），积热在胃中，呕吐蛔虫，心健忘。尺脉弱寸强，胃络脉伤。（同上）
关部脉象浮而大，说明风邪在胃中，表现为张口抬肩呼吸，心下部感觉空虚不适，想呕吐。关部脉象微浮（《诸病源候论》中没有“微”字），说明积热在胃中，会呕吐蛔虫，心中健忘。尺部脉弱而寸部脉强，说明胃的络脉受损。（同上）
胃者腑也，又名水谷之海，与脾为表里。胃者人之根本也，胃气壮，则五脏六腑皆壮，足阳明是其经也。胃气绝，则五日死。实则中胀便难，肢节疼痛，不下食，呕吐不已。虚则肠鸣胀满，引水滑泄。寒则腹中痛，不能食冷物。热则面赤如醉人，四肢不收持，不得安卧，语狂目乱，便硬者是也。病甚则腹胁胀满，吐逆不入食，当心痛，上下不通，恶闻食臭，嫌人语，振寒，喜伸欠。胃中热则唇黑，热甚则登高而歌，弃衣而走，颠狂不定，汗出额上，鼽衄不止。虚极则四肢肿满，胸中短气，谷不化，中消也，胃中风，则溏泄不已。胃不足，则多饥不消食。病患鼻下平，则胃中病，渴者不可治。（一本无上十三字，作微燥而渴者可治。）（《中藏经》）
胃属于六腑之一，又被称为水谷之海，与脾互为表里。胃是人体的根本，胃气强壮，那么五脏六腑都会强壮，足阳明胃经是其所属经脉。如果胃气断绝，五天后就会死亡。胃实证表现为腹部胀满、大便困难、肢体关节疼痛、无法进食、呕吐不止。胃虚证表现为肠鸣、腹胀、想要喝水、腹泻滑脱。胃寒证表现为腹痛、不能吃冷的食物。胃热证表现为面色红赤像喝醉酒的人、四肢无力无法支撑、不能安稳躺卧、胡言乱语、目光混乱、大便干硬等就是这种情况。病情严重时，会出现腹部和胁肋部胀满、呕吐反逆无法进食、心窝部疼痛、上下气机不通、厌恶闻到食物的气味、讨厌别人说话、发冷颤抖、喜欢打哈欠伸懒腰。胃中有热会导致嘴唇发黑，热势严重则会爬上高处唱歌、扔掉衣服奔跑、精神错乱不定、额头出汗、鼻出血不止。极度虚弱时，会出现四肢肿胀、胸部短气、食物不消化，这属于中消证；胃受风邪侵袭，则会导致腹泻不止。胃气不足，就会经常感到饥饿但食物不消化。病人鼻子下方平坦，说明胃中有病，口渴的难以治愈。（另一种版本没有上面十三个字，写作轻微干燥而口渴的可以治愈。）（《中藏经》）
胃实 右手关上阳实者，胃实也，苦肠中伏伏（一作 ），不思食物，得食不能消。（《脉经》）
胃实证：右手关部脉象阳实有力的，是胃实证，痛苦在于肠中隐隐作痛（一作某种声音），不想吃东西，即使吃了也不能消化。（《脉经》）
右手关上脉阳实者，足阳明经也，病苦腹中坚痛而热（《千金》作病苦头痛），汗不出，如温疟，唇口干，善哕，乳痈，缺盆腋下肿痛。（同上）
右手关部脉象阳实，对应足阳明胃经，病症痛苦于腹部坚硬疼痛且有热感（《千金方》写作痛苦于头痛），不出汗，像温疟病一样，嘴唇口干，容易呃逆，乳房痈肿，锁骨上窝及腋下肿痛。（同上）
夫胃实则热，热则恒渴引水，头痛如疟，唇口皆干，喜哕，或生乳痈，及缺盆腋下肿，腹胀身热，心悬消谷喜饥，溺色黄者，则是胃实热之候也。（《圣惠方》）
胃实证就会产生热，热就会导致经常口渴想喝水，头痛像疟疾一样，嘴唇和口腔都干燥，喜欢呃逆，或者发生乳房痈肿，以及锁骨上窝和腋下肿胀，腹部胀满身体发热，心中空虚感、消化快容易饥饿、尿液颜色黄的，这就是胃实热的征候。（《太平圣惠方》）
胃实六证∶谵语发狂发斑，弃衣而走，登高而歌，属胃家邪热实；口臭，数欲饮食，属胃火；嘈杂，属胃火；口淡，属胃热，呕吐，属胃火者，必面赤，小便短赤或涩，大便多燥，口苦或干渴；吞酸，属胃火。（《本草经疏》）
胃实的六种证候：胡言乱语、发狂、出现斑疹，扔掉衣服奔跑，爬上高处唱歌，属于胃家邪热实证；口臭，频繁想吃东西，属于胃火；胃中嘈杂不适，属于胃火；口淡无味，属于胃热；呕吐，属于胃火的，必然面色红赤，小便短少色赤或排尿涩痛，大便大多干燥，口苦或口干渴；吞酸，属于胃火。（《本草经疏》）
胃虚 右手关上阳绝者，无胃脉也，苦吞酸头痛，胃中有冷。（《脉经》）
胃虚证：右手关部脉象阳绝（微弱欲绝），是没有胃脉的表现，痛苦于吞酸、头痛，胃中有寒气。（《脉经》）
右手关上脉阳虚者，足阳明经也，病苦胫寒，不得卧，恶寒洒洒，目急，腹中痛虚鸣（《外台》作耳虚鸣），时寒时热，唇口干，面目浮肿。（同上）
右手关部脉象阳虚，对应足阳明胃经，病症痛苦于小腿寒冷，无法躺卧，怕冷发抖，眼睛紧张拘急，腹部疼痛并有虚性鸣响（《外台秘要》写作耳朵虚鸣），时而发冷时而发热，嘴唇口干，面部和眼部浮肿。（同上）
胃虚则生寒，寒则苦饥，心腹恒痛，两胁虚胀，咽喉不利，食饮不下，面目浮肿，淅淅恶风，目中急，足胫寒，不得安卧，则是胃虚冷之候也。（《圣惠方》）
胃虚就会产生寒，寒就会导致痛苦于饥饿感，心部和腹部经常疼痛，两侧胁肋部虚胀，咽喉不畅利，饮食难以下咽，面部和眼部浮肿，瑟瑟地怕风，眼睛紧张拘急，足和小腿寒冷，无法安稳躺卧，这就是胃虚冷的征候。（《太平圣惠方》）
胃虚七证∶胃弱不纳食，及不思饮食；胃虚呕吐，宜分寒热；霍乱转筋，属胃虚，猝中邪恶气及毒瓦斯，兼有停滞所致（转筋与肝经血虚不同）；绞肠痧，属胃气虚，猝中天地邪恶秽污之气，郁于胸腹；中恶，腹中 痛，属胃气虚，恶气客之所致；反胃，属胃气虚；中酒，属胃弱。（《本草经疏》）
胃虚的七种证候：胃弱不能容纳食物，以及不想吃东西；胃虚引起的呕吐，应当区分寒热；霍乱转筋，属于胃虚，突然遭受邪恶之气和毒气侵袭，兼有食物停滞所致（转筋与肝经血虚不同）；绞肠痧，属于胃气虚，突然遭受天地间邪恶污浊之气，郁结在胸腹；中恶，腹部疼痛，属于胃气虚，被恶气客居所致；反胃，属于胃气虚；饮酒中毒，属于胃弱。（《本草经疏》）
脾胃俱实 右手关上脉阴阳俱实者，足太阴与阳明经俱实也，病苦脾胀腹坚，抢胁下痛，胃气不转，大便难，时反泄利，腹中痛，上冲肺肝，动五脏，立喘鸣多惊，身热汗不出，喉痹精少。（《脉经》）
脾胃俱实证：右手关部脉象阴阳俱实，说明足太阴脾经和足阳明胃经都实证，病症痛苦于脾胀腹部坚硬，牵引胁下疼痛，胃气不运转，大便困难，有时反而腹泻，腹部疼痛，气机上冲肺肝，扰动五脏，立刻出现喘息鸣响、多惊恐，身体发热但不出汗，喉痹、精气减少。（《脉经》）
脾胃俱虚 右手关上脉阴阳俱虚者，足太阴与阳明经俱虚也，病苦胃中如空状，少气不足以息，四逆寒，泄注不已。（《脉经》）
脾胃俱虚证：右手关部脉象阴阳俱虚，说明足太阴脾经和足阳明胃经都虚证，病症痛苦于胃中空虚感，气短不足以呼吸，四肢逆冷，腹泻如水注个不停。（《脉经》）
肺病证 肺伤者，其人劳倦则咳唾血，其脉细紧浮数，皆吐血，此为躁扰嗔怒得之，肺伤气拥所致。肺病，其色白，身体但寒无热，时时咳，其脉微迟，为可治。肺病，身当有热，咳嗽短气，唾出脓血，其脉当短涩，今反浮大，其色当白而反赤者，此是火之克金，为大逆，十死不治。（《脉经》）
肺病证：肺受伤的人，劳累疲倦就会咳嗽吐痰带血，其脉象细紧或浮数，都是吐血，这是由于烦躁恼怒导致的，肺受伤气机壅塞所致。肺病，面色白，身体只有寒冷没有发热，时常咳嗽，脉象微迟，这是可以治疗的。肺病，身体应当有发热，咳嗽气短，吐出脓血，脉象应当短涩，现在反而浮大，面色应当白反而红，这是火克金，属于大逆证，十死无救。（《脉经》）
肺气通于鼻，和则能知香臭矣。有寒则善咳，实则鼻流清涕。凡虚实寒热，则皆使人喘嗽。其脉沉浊者病在内，浮清者病在外。肺死则鼻孔开而黑枯，喘而目直视也。又肺绝则十二日死，其状足满，泻痢不觉出也。面白目青，此谓乱经，亦不可治。又饮酒当风，中于肺则咳嗽喘闷，见血者不可治，无血者可治，面黄目白者可治。肺病颊赤者死，又言音喘急，短气好唾（一作睡），十死十，百死百，大逆之兆也。又阳气上而不降，燔于肺，肺自结邪，胀满喘急，狂言瞑目，非常所说，而口鼻张，大小便头俱胀，饮水无度，此因热伤于肺，肺化为血，不可治则半岁死。又其人素声清而雄者，暴不响亮，而拖气用力，言语难出，视不转睛，虽未为病，其人不久。又肺病，实则上气喘急咳嗽，身热脉大也。虚则力乏喘促，右胁胀，语言气短（一作促）者是也。又乍寒乍热，鼻塞颐赤面白，皆肺病之候也。（《中藏经》）
肺气通于鼻，调和就能辨别香臭。有寒就容易咳嗽，实证则鼻涕清稀。凡是虚、实、寒、热，都会导致人喘息咳嗽。脉象沉浊的，病在内；脉象浮清的，病在外。肺脏衰竭则鼻孔张开且黑枯，喘息且眼睛直视。另外肺绝症则十二天死亡，症状是脚部肿胀，泻痢不自觉流出。面色白眼睛青，这叫经脉紊乱，也不可治疗。另外饮酒当风，邪气中于肺则咳嗽喘息胸闷，见到血的不可治疗，不见血的可以治疗，面色黄眼睛白的可以治疗。肺病患者脸颊红的会死，另外说话声音喘息急促，气短喜欢吐唾沫（一作睡觉），十次死十次，百次死百次，是大逆的征兆。另外阳气上升不下降，焚烧于肺，肺自身结聚邪气，胀满喘息急促，胡言乱语闭眼，不是平常所说的，而口鼻张开，大小便头部都肿胀，喝水没有限度，这是因为热邪伤害了肺，肺化为血，不可治疗则半年内死亡。另外那个人平时声音清脆雄浑，突然不响亮，而且拖沓气息用力，言语难出，视线不转动眼球，虽然还没生病，这个人也不会长久。另外肺病，实证是上气喘急咳嗽，身体发热脉大。虚证是乏力喘息急促，右胁胀，语言气短（一作急促）就是这样。另外忽冷忽热，鼻塞下巴红面色白，都是肺病的征候。（《中藏经》）
肺实 右手关前寸口阴实者，肺实也，苦少气，胸中满，彭彭与肩相引。（《脉经》）
肺实证：右手关前寸口脉象阴实，是肺实证，痛苦于气少，胸部胀满，膨膨然与肩部相互牵引。（《脉经》）
右手寸口气口以前脉阴实者，手太阴经也，病苦肺胀，汗出若露，上气喘逆，咽中塞，如欲呕状。（同上）（《千金》曰∶肺实热也。）
右手寸口气口以前的脉象阴实，对应手太阴肺经，病症痛苦于肺胀，出汗像露水一样，上气喘逆，咽喉堵塞，像要呕吐的样子。（同上）（《千金方》说：这是肺实热。）
肺实八证∶喘急，属肺有实热，及肺气上逆；气壅，属肺热气逆；声重痰稠，属肺热；肺痈，属肺热极；肺胀闷，属肺热；吐脓血血痰，咳嗽嗽血，属肺家火实热甚，此正邪气胜则实之谓；喉癣，属肺热；上消，属肺家实火，及上焦热。（《本草经疏》）
肺实的八种证候：喘息急促，属于肺有实热，以及肺气上逆；气机壅塞，属于肺热气逆；声音沉重痰液粘稠，属于肺热；肺痈，属于肺热至极；肺胀闷，属于肺热；吐出脓血血痰，咳嗽咯血，属于肺家火实热甚，这正是邪气胜则实的说法；喉癣，属于肺热；上消，属于肺家实火，以及上焦热。（《本草经疏》）
肺虚 右手关前寸口阴绝者，无肺脉也，苦短气咳逆，喉中塞，噫逆。（《脉经》）
肺虚证：右手关前寸口脉象阴绝，是没有肺脉的表现，痛苦于短气咳逆，喉咙堵塞，嗳气逆乱。（《脉经》）
右手寸口气口以前脉阴虚者，手太阴经也，病苦少气不足以息，嗌干不朝津液。（同上）（《千金》曰∶名曰肺虚冷也，）
右手寸口气口以前的脉象阴虚，对应手太阴肺经，病症痛苦于气少不足以呼吸，咽喉干燥没有津液。（同上）（《千金方》说：名叫肺虚冷，）
肺气若不足，肚胀不能安，呕逆及上气，悲思数多端，形寒似饮冷，肺损唾痰涎，皮毛不觉起，恚怒数千般，肩脊背强痛，梦里鬼相牵，鼻中不觉气，寻常骨胳干，此为肺不足，不疗病成难。（《五脏论》）
肺气如果不足，肚子胀满不能安宁，呕吐逆乱及上气，悲伤思绪繁多，形体寒冷好像喝了冷水，肺损伤吐痰涎，皮毛不觉得竖起，愤怒几千般，肩脊背部僵硬疼痛，梦里被鬼牵引，鼻中感觉不到气息，平常骨骼干枯，这是肺不足，不治疗病成难愈。（《五脏论》）
夫肺为华盖，覆于诸脏，若肺虚则生寒，寒则阴气盛，阴气盛则声嘶，语言用力，颤掉缓弱，少气不足，咽中干无津液，虚寒乏气，恐怖不乐，咳嗽及喘，鼻有清涕，皮毛焦枯，诊其脉沉缓者，此是肺虚之候也。（《圣惠方》）
肺作为华盖，覆盖在诸脏之上，如果肺虚就会产生寒，寒则阴气盛，阴气盛则声音嘶哑，说话费力，颤抖迟缓软弱，气少不足，咽喉干燥无津液，虚寒乏力，恐惧不快乐，咳嗽及喘息，鼻子有清涕，皮毛焦枯，诊察其脉象沉缓的，这是肺虚的征候。（《太平圣惠方》）
夫脏腑之精，皆上注于肺。肺主于气，气为卫，流行于诸阳之经，荣华于皮毛。若其气不足，则胸膈短气，咽中闭塞，咳逆涕唾，寒从背起，口中如含霜雪，语言失声，皮毛萎瘁，皆肺气不足之候也。（同上）
脏腑的精气，都上注于肺。肺主管气，气作为卫气，流行于诸阳经，荣华于皮毛。如果其气不足，就会胸膈短气，咽喉闭塞，咳逆鼻涕唾沫，寒冷从背部升起，口中像含着霜雪，语言失声，皮毛枯萎憔悴，都是肺气不足的征候。（同上）
肺虚七证∶ 喘，属肺虚有热，因而痰壅；咳嗽吐血痰，属肺热甚；声哑，属肺热甚∶咽喉燥痛，属水涸火炎，肺热之极，此证法所难治；肺痿，属肺气虚，有热；龟胸，属肺热有痰；息贲，属肺气虚，痰热壅结所致。（《本草经疏》）
肺虚的七种证候：喘，属于肺虚有热，因而痰液壅塞；咳嗽吐血痰，属于肺热甚；声音哑，属于肺热甚；咽喉燥痛，属于水涸火炎，肺热之极，这种证候方法难以治疗；肺痿，属于肺气虚，有热；龟胸，属于肺热有痰；息贲，属于肺气虚，痰热壅结所致。（《本草经疏》）
大肠实 右手关前寸口阳实者，大肠实也，苦肠中切痛，如锥刀所刺，无休息时。（《脉经》）
（《病源论》作无休息，腰背寒痹挛急。）
大肠实证：右手关前寸口脉象阳实，是大肠实证，痛苦于肠中剧烈疼痛，像锥刀刺入一样，没有休息时间。（《脉经》）
（《诸病源候论》写作没有休息，腰背寒痹挛急。）
右手寸口气口以前脉阳实者，手阳明经也，病苦腹满善喘咳，面赤身热，喉咽中如核状。（同上）（《千金》曰∶名曰大肠实热也。）
右手寸口气口以前的脉象阳实，对手阳明大肠经，病症痛苦于腹部胀满容易喘息咳嗽，面色红身体热，咽喉中像有核状异物。（同上）（《千金方》说：名叫大肠实热。）
大肠有宿食，寒栗发热有时，如疟状。（同上）
大肠有宿食，寒战发热有时，像疟疾一样。（同上）
大肠实四证∶便 闭，肠风下血，属大肠湿热；脏毒，属血热；肠痈，属大肠实火。（《本草经疏》）
大肠实的四种证候：便秘，肠风下血，属于大肠湿热；脏毒，属于血热；肠痈，属于大肠实火。（《本草经疏》）
大肠虚 右手关前寸口阳绝者，无大肠脉也，苦少气，心下有水气，立秋节即咳。（《脉经》）
大肠虚证：右手关前寸口脉象阳绝，是没有大肠脉的表现，痛苦于气少，心下有停水气，立秋节气就咳嗽。（《脉经》）
右手寸口气口以前脉阳虚者，手阳明经也，病苦胸中喘，肠鸣，虚渴唇口干，目急善惊泄白。（同上）
（《千金》曰∶名曰大肠虚冷也。）
右手寸口气口以前的脉象阳虚，对手阳明大肠经，病症痛苦于胸部喘息，肠鸣，虚渴嘴唇干燥，眼睛紧张容易惊吓排泄白色物质。（同上）
（《千金方》说：名叫大肠虚冷。）
大肠寒则泄，热则结，绝则泄利无度，利绝而死也。虚寒则滑泄不定。大肠乍虚乍实，乍来乍去，寒则溏泄，热则垢重。（按此有讹文）积冷不去，则当脐而痛，不能久立，痛已则泄白物是也。（《中藏经》）
大肠寒则腹泻，热则便秘，绝则泄利无度，利绝而死。虚寒则滑泄不定。大肠忽虚忽实，忽来忽去，寒则溏泄，热则垢重。（按此处有讹误文字）积冷不去，则当脐而痛，不能久立，痛止则排泄白色物质就是这样。（《中藏经》）
大肠虚四证∶虚热便闭不通，属血虚，津液不足；虚寒滑泄不禁，属气虚；肠鸣，属气虚；脱肛，属气虚，兼有湿热。（《本草经疏》）
大肠虚的四种证候：虚热便秘不通，属于血虚，津液不足；虚寒滑泄不禁，属于气虚；肠鸣，属于气虚；脱肛，属于气虚，兼有湿热。（《本草经疏》）
肺大肠俱实 右手寸口气口以前脉阴阳俱实者，手太阴与阳明经俱实也，病苦头痛目眩，惊狂，喉痹痛，手臂卷，唇吻不收。（《脉经》）
肺大肠俱实证：右手寸口气口以前的脉象阴阳俱实，手太阴肺经与手阳明大肠经都实证，病症痛苦于头痛目眩，惊狂，喉痹痛，手臂蜷曲，嘴唇闭合不全。（《脉经》）
肺大肠俱虚 右手寸口气口以前脉阴阳俱虚者，手太阴与阳明经俱虚也，病苦耳鸣嘈嘈，时妄见光明，情中不乐，或如恐怖。（《脉经》）
肺大肠俱虚证：右手寸口气口以前的脉象阴阳俱虚，手太阴肺经与手阳明大肠经都虚证，病症痛苦于耳鸣嘈嘈，时常妄见光明，心情不快乐，或者像恐惧一样。（《脉经》）
肾病证 肾脉沉之大而坚，浮之大而紧，苦手足骨肿，厥而阴不兴，腰脊痛，少腹肿，心下有水气，时胀闭时泄，得之浴水中，身未干而合房内，及劳倦发之。肾病，其色黑，其气虚弱，吸吸少气，两耳苦聋，腰痛，时时失精，饮食减少，膝以下清，其脉沉滑而迟，此为可治。肾病，手足逆冷，面赤目黄，小便不禁，骨节烦疼，少腹结痛，气冲于心，其脉当沉细而滑，今反浮大，其色当黑而反黄，此是土之克水，为大逆，十死不治。（《脉经》）
肾病证：肾脉沉大而坚，浮大而紧，痛苦于手足骨头肿胀，厥逆且生殖器不起，腰脊痛，小腹胀肿，心下有停水气，有时胀闭有时腹泻，得病是因为在水中洗澡，身体未干就进行房事，以及劳累疲倦引发的。肾病，面色黑，气虚弱，呼吸短促，两耳痛苦于聋，腰痛，时常遗精，饮食减少，膝盖以下清冷，其脉沉滑而迟，这是可以治疗的。肾病，手足逆冷，面色红眼睛黄，小便不禁，骨节烦疼，小腹胀结痛，气冲于心，其脉应当沉细而滑，现在反而浮大，面色应当黑反而黄，这是土克水，属于大逆，十死无救。（《脉经》）
肾实 左手关后尺中阴实者，肾实也，苦恍惚健忘，目视KT KT ，耳聋怅怅善鸣。右手关后尺中阴实者，肾实也，苦骨疼腰脊痛，内寒热。（《脉经》）
肾实证：左手关后尺中脉象阴实，是肾实证，痛苦于恍惚健忘，眼睛视物模糊（KT KT 形容视物不清），耳聋惆怅喜欢耳鸣。右手关后尺中脉象阴实，是肾实证，痛苦于骨疼腰脊痛，内部寒热交替。（《脉经》）
左手尺中神门以后脉阴实者，足少阴经也，病苦膀胱胀闭，少腹与腰脊相引痛。左手尺中神门以后脉阴实者，足少阴经也，病苦舌燥咽肿，心烦嗌干，胸胁时痛，喘咳汗出，小腹胀满，腰背强急，体重骨热，小便赤黄，好怒好忘，足下热疼，四肢黑，耳聋。（《千金》曰∶名曰肾实热也。）右手尺中神门以后脉阴实者，足少阴经也，病苦痹，身热心痛，脊胁相引痛，足逆热烦。（同上）（《千金》曰∶名曰肾实热也。）
左手尺中神门以后的脉象阴实，对足少阴肾经，病症痛苦于膀胱胀闭，小腹与腰脊相互牵引疼痛。左手尺中神门以后的脉象阴实，对足少阴肾经，病症痛苦于舌燥咽肿，心烦咽喉干，胸胁时常疼痛，喘息咳嗽出汗，小腹胀满，腰背僵硬紧急，身体沉重骨头热，小便赤黄，喜欢发怒喜欢遗忘，脚下热疼，四肢黑，耳聋。（《千金方》说：名叫肾实热。）右手尺中神门以后的脉象阴实，对足少阴肾经，病症痛苦于痹证，身体热心痛，脊胁相互牵引疼痛，足部逆热烦躁。（同上）（《千金方》说：名叫肾实热。）
肾气盛为志有余，则病腹胀飧泄，体肿喘咳，汗出憎风，面目黑，小便黄，是为肾气之实也，则宜泻之。（《病源论》）
肾气盛称为志有余，就会患病腹胀完谷不化，身体肿胀喘息咳嗽，出汗怕风，面目黑，小便黄，这是肾气的实证，则适宜用泻法。（《诸病源候论》）
其证少腹胀满，小便黄赤，末有余沥，数而痛者，此肾实也。（《圣济总录》）
其症状是小腹胀满，小便黄赤，末尾有余沥，次数多且疼痛，这是肾实证。（《圣济总录》）
肾无实，故无泻法。命门实二证∶强阳不倒，属命门火实，弧阳无阴所致，此证多不治；水窍涩痛，属命门实火。（《本草经疏》）
肾没有实证，所以没有泻法。命门实的两种证候：强阳不倒，属于命门火实，孤阳无阴所致，这种证候大多不可治；水窍涩痛，属于命门实火。（《本草经疏》）
肾虚（多唾） 左手关后尺中阴绝者，无肾脉也，苦足下热，两髀里急，精气竭少，劳倦所致。右手关后尺中阴绝者，无肾脉也，苦足逆冷，上抢胸痛，梦入水见鬼，善厌寐，黑色物来掩人上。（《脉经》）
肾虚（多唾）：左手关后尺中脉象阴绝，是没有肾脉的表现，痛苦于脚下热，两大腿内侧拘急，精气枯竭稀少，由劳累疲倦所致。右手关后尺中脉象阴绝，是没有肾脉的表现，痛苦于足部逆冷，向上冲击胸痛，梦见进入水中见鬼，喜欢嗜睡，黑色物体来掩盖人。（《脉经》）
左手尺中神门以后脉阴虚者，足少阴经也，病苦心中闷，下重足肿，不可以按地。右手尺中神门以后脉阴虚者，足少阴经也，病苦足胫小弱，恶风寒，脉代绝时不至，足寒，上重下轻，行不可以按地，少腹胀满，上抢胸胁，痛引肋下。（同上）（《千金》并曰∶名曰肾虚寒也。）
左手尺中神门以后的脉象阴虚，对足少阴肾经，病症痛苦于心中闷，下身重足肿，不可以踩地。右手尺中神门以后的脉象阴虚，对足少阴肾经，病症痛苦于足胫细小虚弱，恶风寒，脉代绝时不时不来，足寒，上身重下身轻，行走不可以踩地，小腹胀满，向上冲击胸胁，疼痛牵引肋下。（同上）（《千金方》也说：名叫肾虚寒。）
肾气不足则厥，腰背冷，胸内痛，耳鸣苦聋，是为肾气之虚也，则宜补之。（《病源论》）
肾气不足则厥逆，腰背冷，胸内痛，耳鸣痛苦于聋，这是肾气的虚证，则适宜用补法。（《诸病源候论》）
肾气若不足，腰胯收摄难，恍惚心少力，重听不闻言，眼前如艳水，冷气在腰间，身中悉皆痒，骨痛不能安，坐复身拘急，气乏咽喉干，状似烊胶汁，腰胯强如寒，此为肾不足，于身不自安。（《五脏论》）
肾气如果不足，腰胯收摄困难，恍惚心里少力气，重听听不见声音，眼前像艳丽之水，冷气在腰间，身体中全都痒，骨痛不能安宁，坐下又身体拘急，气乏咽喉干，样子像融化的胶汁，腰胯僵硬像寒冷，这是肾不足，对身体不自在。（《五脏论》）
夫肾脏者，足少阴之经也，左则为肾，右则为命门。肾与命门者，神精之所舍，元气之所系也。若肾虚则腰背切痛，不能俯仰，足胫小弱，多恶风寒，手足厥冷，呼吸少气，骨节烦疼，脐腹结痛，面色黧黑，两耳虚鸣，肌骨干枯，小便滑数，诊其脉浮细而数者，是肾虚之候也。（《圣惠方》）
肾脏，是足少阴经，左边是肾，右边是命门。肾与命门，是神精的居所，元气的系属。如果肾虚就会腰背剧烈疼痛，不能俯仰，足胫细小虚弱，多恶风寒，手足厥冷，呼吸气少，骨节烦疼，脐腹结痛，面色黧黑，两耳虚鸣，肌骨干枯，小便滑数，诊察其脉象浮细而数的，是肾虚的征候。（《太平圣惠方》）
水饮非升降不能传导，非阳药不能消烁。肾虚多唾者，缘肾脏不足，阳气虚微，而又阴寒凝结，停滞于胸膈之间，不能消烁，上溢于齿牙，故喜唾也。（《圣济总录》）
水饮非升降不能传导，非阳药不能消烁。肾虚多唾的原因，是因为肾脏不足，阳气虚微，而又阴寒凝结，停滞在胸膈之间，不能消烁，上溢于牙齿，所以喜欢吐唾沫。（《圣济总录》）
肾虚即肾水真阴不足十八证∶肾虚腰痛，属精气虚；骨乏无力，属阴精不足，虚主骨故也；骨蒸潮热，属精血虚极，以致阳无所附，火空上炎；传尸劳；五心烦热，属真阴不足；梦遗泄精，属肾虚有火；小便短涩，热赤频数，属肾虚有火；溺有余沥，属气虚；溺血血淋，属肾虚有火，热伤血分；伤精白浊，属房劳过度，以致精伤流出，似白浊证；五淋，属肾虚兼有湿热；精塞水窍不通，属房欲不竟，或思欲不遂，或惧泄忍精，或老人气不足以送精出窍；齿浮，真牙摇动，及下龈软，或齿衄，属肾虚有热；下消，属肾阴虚，火伏下焦；善恐，属肾气虚，肾藏志故也；阴窍漏气，属肾气虚不固，肾主纳气，虚则不能纳，故见是证；疝属肾虚，寒湿邪乘虚客之所致，丹溪谓与肾经绝无相干者，误也，又有先因湿邪为病，后成湿热者，药宜分寒热先后二途；奔豚，属肾虚，脾家湿邪下传客肾所致。（《本草经疏》）命门虚即元阳真火不足四证；阴痿，属命门火衰，下焦虚寒；精寒精薄，属命门火衰，阳气不足；肾泄，即五更及黎明泄泻者是也，属命门真火不足，畏寒足冷。（同上）
肾虚即肾水真阴不足的十八种证候：肾虚腰痛，属于精气虚；骨骼乏力，属于阴精不足，虚主骨的原因；骨蒸潮热，属于精血虚极，导致阳无所依附，火向空上炎；传尸劳；五心烦热，属于真阴不足；梦遗泄精，属于肾虚有火；小便短涩，热赤频数，属于肾虚有火；尿有余沥，属于气虚；尿血血淋，属于肾虚有火，热伤血分；伤精白浊，属于房劳过度，导致精伤流出，类似白浊证；五淋，属于肾虚兼有湿热；精塞水窍不通，属于房欲未尽，或思欲不遂，或惧泄忍精，或老人气不足以送精出窍；牙齿浮动，真牙摇动，以及下牙龈软，或齿衄，属于肾虚有热；下消，属于肾阴虚，火伏下焦；善恐，属于肾气虚，肾藏志的原因；阴窍漏气，属于肾气虚不固，肾主纳气，虚则不能纳，所以见到这些证候；疝属于肾虚，寒湿邪乘虚客居所致，丹溪说与肾经绝无关系是错误的，又有先因湿邪为病，后成湿热者，药物应当分寒热先后两途；奔豚，属于肾虚，脾家湿邪下传客居肾所致。（《本草经疏》）命门虚即元阳真火不足的四种证候：阴痿，属于命门火衰，下焦虚寒；精寒精薄，属于命门火衰，阳气不足；肾泄，即五更及黎明泄泻的就是，属于命门真火不足，畏寒足冷。（同上）
膀胱实 左手关后尺中阳实者，膀胱实也，苦逆冷，胁下有邪气相引痛。右手关后尺中阳实者，膀胱实也，苦少腹满，引腰痛。（《脉经》）
膀胱实证：左手关后尺中脉象阳实，是膀胱实证，痛苦于逆冷，胁下有邪气相互牵引疼痛。右手关后尺中脉象阳实，是膀胱实证，痛苦于小腹胀满，牵引腰痛。（《脉经》）
左手尺中神门以后脉阳实者，足太阳经也，病苦逆满，腰中痛不可俯仰，劳也。右手尺中神门以后脉阳实者
The pulse at Cun Kou is choppy, indicating insufficient Stomach Qi. The pulse at Guan is rapid, indicating exogenous heat in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is moderate (relaxed), the patient has no desire to eat; this is due to disharmony of Stomach Qi and insufficiency of Spleen Qi. The pulse at Guan is slippery, indicating heat in the Stomach; a slippery pulse signifies excess heat. Due to Qi fullness, there is no desire to eat, and eating leads to vomiting and regurgitation. The pulse at Guan is wiry, indicating cold in the Stomach and reversal cold sensation below the heart; this is due to deficiency of Stomach Qi. The pulse at Guan is weak, indicating deficiency of Stomach Qi and exogenous heat in the Stomach; a weak pulse indicates illness caused by deficient heat. It is said that when heat is present, one should not attack it vigorously with harsh methods; if the heat is removed, cold will arise. The pulse at Guan is slow, indicating cold in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is excess (forceful), indicating pain in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is firm (deep, forceful, and long), indicating blockage of Qi in the Spleen and Stomach; excessive heat leads to abdominal fullness and borborygmus. The pulse at Guan is surging (large), indicating heat in the Stomach, which must cause irritability and fullness. (Ibid.)
The pulse at Cun Kou is choppy, indicating insufficient Stomach Qi. The pulse at Guan is rapid, indicating exogenous heat in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is moderate, the patient has no desire to eat; this is due to disharmony of Stomach Qi and insufficiency of Spleen Qi. The pulse at Guan is slippery, indicating heat in the Stomach; a slippery pulse signifies excess heat. Due to Qi fullness, there is no desire to eat, and eating leads to vomiting and regurgitation. The pulse at Guan is wiry, indicating cold in the Stomach and reversal cold sensation below the heart; this is due to deficiency of Stomach Qi. The pulse at Guan is weak, indicating deficiency of Stomach Qi and exogenous heat in the Stomach; a weak pulse indicates illness caused by deficient heat. It is said that when heat is present, one should not attack it vigorously with harsh methods; if the heat is removed, cold will arise. The pulse at Guan is slow, indicating cold in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is excess, indicating pain in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is firm, indicating blockage of Qi in the Spleen and Stomach; excessive heat leads to abdominal fullness and borborygmus. The pulse at Guan is surging, indicating heat in the Stomach, which must cause irritability and fullness. (Ibid.)
The pulse at Guan is floating and large, indicating wind in the Stomach, characterized by gasping with open mouth and shoulder breathing, a feeling of emptiness below the heart, and a desire to vomit. The pulse at Guan is slightly floating (the term "slightly" is absent in *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*), indicating accumulated heat in the Stomach, vomiting of roundworms, and forgetfulness. A weak Chi pulse and strong Cun pulse indicate injury to the Stomach collaterals. (Ibid.)
The Stomach is a Fu organ, also known as the Sea of Water and Grain, and is exteriorly-interiorly related to the Spleen. The Stomach is the root of human life; if Stomach Qi is strong, the Zang and Fu organs are all strong; its meridian is the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. If Stomach Qi is exhausted, death occurs within five days. In excess conditions, there is abdominal distension, difficulty in defecation, pain in limbs and joints, inability to eat, and incessant vomiting. In deficiency conditions, there is borborygmus, abdominal fullness, craving for water, and loose stools. In cold conditions, there is abdominal pain and inability to eat cold food. In heat conditions, the face is red like a drunkard, limbs are flaccid and unable to support the body, inability to lie down peacefully, delirious speech, chaotic vision, and hard stool are observed. When the disease is severe, there is abdominal and hypochondriac fullness, vomiting and regurgitation preventing food intake, pain in the epigastrium, obstruction of upper and lower Qi, aversion to the smell of food, dislike of people speaking, chills, and frequent yawning/stretching. Heat in the Stomach causes black lips; severe heat causes climbing high and singing, discarding clothes and running, madness, sweating on the forehead, and incessant epistaxis. Extreme deficiency causes swelling of the four limbs, shortness of breath in the chest, undigested food, which belongs to Middle Xiao (Middle Consumptive Thirst); wind invading the Stomach causes incessant loose stools. Insufficient Stomach Qi causes frequent hunger but indigestion. If the area below the nose of a patient is flat, it indicates Stomach disease; those who are thirsty are difficult to treat. (Another version omits the above thirteen characters, stating that mild dryness with thirst is treatable.) (*Zhong Zang Jing*)
Stomach Excess: An excess Yang pulse at the right Guan position indicates Stomach Excess. The patient suffers from dull pain in the intestines, lack of appetite for food, and inability to digest food after eating. (*Mai Jing*)
An excess Yang pulse at the right Guan position corresponds to the Foot-Yangming Meridian. The patient suffers from hard and painful abdomen with heat (in *Qian Jin Fang*, headache is mentioned), absence of sweat, symptoms resembling warm malaria, dry lips and mouth, frequent hiccups, breast abscess, and swelling and pain in the supraclavicular fossa and axilla. (Ibid.)
When the Stomach is in excess, heat arises. Heat causes constant thirst and desire for water, headache resembling malaria, dry lips and mouth, preference for hiccups, or occurrence of breast abscess, and swelling in the supraclavicular fossa and axilla. Abdominal fullness, body heat, feeling of emptiness in the heart, rapid digestion with hunger, and yellow urine are signs of Stomach Excess-Heat. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)
Six Signs of Stomach Excess: Delirium, madness, appearance of macules, discarding clothes and running, climbing high and singing belong to Excess-Heat pathogenic factor in the Stomach family; bad breath and frequent desire to eat belong to Stomach Fire; gastric discomfort (zao re) belongs to Stomach Fire; tasteless mouth belongs to Stomach Heat; vomiting belonging to Stomach Fire must be accompanied by red face, scanty dark or obstructed urination, mostly dry stool, bitter or dry mouth; acid regurgitation belongs to Stomach Fire. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)
Stomach Deficiency: An absent Yang pulse at the right Guan position indicates absence of Stomach pulse. The patient suffers from acid regurgitation and headache, with cold in the Stomach. (*Mai Jing*)
A deficient Yang pulse at the right Guan position corresponds to the Foot-Yangming Meridian. The patient suffers from cold calves, inability to sleep, aversion to cold with shivering, tense eyes, abdominal pain with empty borborygmus (in *Wai Tai Mi Yao*, empty ear ringing is mentioned), alternating chills and fever, dry lips and mouth, and edema of the face and eyes. (Ibid.)
Stomach deficiency generates cold. Cold causes suffering from hunger, constant pain in the heart and abdomen, empty distension of both hypochondria, dysphagia, inability to swallow food and drink, edema of the face and eyes, shivering aversion to wind, tense eyes, cold calves, and inability to lie down peacefully; these are signs of Stomach Deficiency-Cold. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)
Seven Signs of Stomach Deficiency: Weak stomach unable to accept food and lack of appetite; vomiting due to Stomach deficiency should be differentiated into cold and heat; cholera with tendon spasms belongs to Stomach deficiency, caused by sudden invasion of evil Qi and toxic gases, combined with stagnation (tendon spasms differ from Liver Meridian Blood deficiency); intestinal colic belongs to Stomach Qi deficiency, caused by sudden invasion of heaven and earth's evil and filthy Qi, stagnating in the chest and abdomen; zhong e (sudden severe illness from evil qi) with abdominal pain belongs to Stomach Qi deficiency, caused by invasion of evil Qi; retroflexion (regurgitation) belongs to Stomach Qi deficiency; alcohol intoxication belongs to weak Stomach. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)
Spleen and Stomach Both Excess: An excess Yin and Yang pulse at the right Guan position indicates excess in both the Foot-Taiyin Spleen and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridians. The patient suffers from Spleen distension, hard abdomen, pain pulling from the hypochondria, non-rotating Stomach Qi, difficult defecation, occasional diarrhea, abdominal pain, Qi rushing up to Lung and Liver, disturbing the Five Zang organs, immediate wheezing with rattling, frequent fright, body heat without sweat, throat bi, and scanty essence. (*Mai Jing*)
Spleen and Stomach Both Deficient: A deficient Yin and Yang pulse at the right Guan position indicates deficiency in both the Foot-Taiyin Spleen and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridians. The patient suffers from a hollow feeling in the Stomach, shortness of breath, inability to breathe fully, cold extremities, and incessant watery diarrhea. (*Mai Jing*)
Lung Disease Syndrome: If the Lung is injured, labor and fatigue lead to coughing and spitting blood. The pulse is fine, tight, floating, or rapid, all indicating hemoptysis. This results from agitation and anger, causing Lung injury and Qi congestion. In Lung disease, the complexion is white, the body feels only cold without heat, there is frequent coughing, and the pulse is slightly slow; this is treatable. In Lung disease, the body should have heat, coughing, shortness of breath, and spitting of pus and blood; the pulse should be short and choppy. If the pulse is instead floating and large, and the complexion is white but turns red, this is Fire overcoming Metal, a major reversal, ten deaths, untreatable. (*Mai Jing*)
Lung Qi connects with the nose; when harmonious, one can distinguish odors. With cold, there is frequent coughing; with excess, clear nasal discharge flows. All deficiency, excess, cold, and heat conditions cause wheezing and coughing. A deep and turbid pulse indicates internal disease; a floating and clear pulse indicates external disease. When the Lung dies, the nostrils open and become black and withered, with wheezing and fixed staring eyes. Also, Lung exhaustion leads to death in twelve days; the symptom is swollen feet and involuntary passage of diarrhea/dysentery. White face and blue eyes indicate disorder of meridians, also untreatable. Drinking alcohol while exposed to wind, with pathogen attacking the Lung, causes coughing, wheezing, and oppression; those with hemoptysis are untreatable, those without are treatable, and those with yellow face and white eyes are treatable. Red cheeks in Lung disease indicate death. Rapid speech with wheezing, shortness of breath, and frequent spitting (or sleeping) indicate ten deaths out of ten, hundred deaths out of hundred, a sign of major reversal. If Yang Qi rises and does not descend, burning in the Lung, and Lung itself binds pathogenic factors, leading to fullness, wheezing, rapid breathing, delirium, closed eyes, abnormal speech, open mouth and nose, swelling of head and both bowels/bladder, and unlimited drinking, this is due to heat injuring the Lung, transforming Lung into blood; if untreatable, death occurs within half a year. If a person usually has a clear and resonant voice but suddenly loses resonance, drags their breath with effort, finds it hard to speak, and has fixed gaze, although not yet ill, they will not live long. Also, Lung excess manifests as upper asthma, rapid wheezing and coughing, body heat, and large pulse. Lung deficiency manifests as lack of strength, rapid wheezing, right hypochondriac fullness, and shortness of speech; these are the signs. Alternating chills and fever, nasal congestion, red chin, and white face are all signs of Lung disease. (*Zhong Zang Jing*)
Lung Excess: An excess Yin pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates Lung Excess. The patient suffers from shortness of Qi, chest fullness, and a distending sensation pulling towards the shoulders. (*Mai Jing*)
An excess Yin pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) corresponds to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. The patient suffers from Lung distension, sweating like dew, upper asthma and counterflow Qi, throat obstruction, and a sensation of wanting to vomit. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: This is Lung Excess-Heat.)
Eight Signs of Lung Excess: Rapid wheezing belongs to Excess-Heat in the Lung and counterflow of Lung Qi; Qi congestion belongs to Lung Heat and counterflow Qi; heavy voice and thick phlegm belong to Lung Heat; lung abscess belongs to extreme Lung Heat; Lung distension and oppression belong to Lung Heat; spitting pus, blood, and bloody sputum, coughing and hemoptysis belong to severe Fire-Excess-Heat in the Lung family, which is precisely what "excess due to pathogenic victory" means; throat tinea belongs to Lung Heat; Upper Xiao belongs to Excess-Fire in the Lung family and Heat in the Upper Jiao. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)
Lung Deficiency: An absent Yin pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates absence of Lung pulse. The patient suffers from shortness of Qi, coughing and counterflow Qi, throat obstruction, and belching/counterflow. (*Mai Jing*)
A deficient Yin pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) corresponds to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. The patient suffers from shortness of Qi, inability to breathe fully, dry throat, and lack of saliva. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Lung Deficiency-Cold.)
If Lung Qi is insufficient, there is abdominal distension and restlessness, vomiting/regurgitation and upper Qi, frequent sad thoughts, feeling cold as if drinking cold water, Lung damage with spitting of phlegm-saliva, hair and skin not standing up, countless angers, stiffness and pain in shoulders, back, and spine, being pulled by ghosts in dreams, loss of nasal sensation, and dryness of bones; this is Lung insufficiency, and if untreated, the disease becomes difficult to cure. (*Wu Zang Lun*)
The Lung acts as the Canopy, covering the other Zang organs. If Lung is deficient, cold arises. Cold causes Yin Qi to flourish. Flourishing Yin Qi causes hoarseness, effortful speech, trembling/sluggish weakness, shortness of Qi, dry throat without saliva, deficiency-cold with lack of Qi, fear and unhappiness, coughing and wheezing, clear nasal discharge, and scorched/withered hair and skin. Diagnosing a deep and moderate pulse indicates signs of Lung Deficiency. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)
The essence of the Zang and Fu organs all pours upward into the Lung. The Lung governs Qi; Qi acts as Wei (Defensive) Qi, circulating through the Yang meridians, and flourishing in the hair and skin. If Qi is insufficient, there is shortness of Qi in the chest and diaphragm, throat obstruction, coughing/regurgitation, nasal discharge and sputum, cold rising from the back, sensation of frost/snow in the mouth, loss of voice, and withered/collapsed hair and skin; these are all signs of insufficient Lung Qi. (Ibid.)
Seven Signs of Lung Deficiency: Wheezing belongs to Lung Deficiency with Heat, leading to phlegm congestion; coughing and spitting blood/phlegm belong to severe Lung Heat; hoarseness belongs to severe Lung Heat; dry and painful throat belongs to depletion of Water and flaming Fire, extreme Lung Heat, which is difficult to treat by standard methods; lung flaccidity (Fei Fei) belongs to Lung Qi deficiency with Heat; turtle chest (Gui Xiong) belongs to Lung Heat with Phlegm; Xi Ben belongs to Lung Qi deficiency with congestion of Phlegm-Heat. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)
Large Intestine Excess: An excess Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates Large Intestine Excess. The patient suffers from cutting pain in the intestines, as if pierced by awls or knives, without respite. (*Mai Jing*)
(*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* writes "without respite", with cold bi and cramping in waist and back.)
An excess Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) corresponds to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. The patient suffers from abdominal fullness, prone to wheezing and coughing, red face, body heat, and a sensation of a kernel in the throat/pharynx. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Large Intestine Excess-Heat.)
Retained food in the Large Intestine causes chills and fever at times, resembling malaria. (Ibid.)
Four Signs of Large Intestine Excess: Constipation and intestinal wind bleeding belong to Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine; Zang Du (visceral toxin) belongs to Blood Heat; intestinal abscess belongs to Excess-Fire in the Large Intestine. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)
Large Intestine Deficiency: An absent Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates absence of Large Intestine pulse. The patient suffers from shortness of Qi, fluid-Qi below the heart, and coughing starting at the Start of Autumn solar term. (*Mai Jing*)
A deficient Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) corresponds to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. The patient suffers from chest wheezing, borborygmus, empty thirst, dry lips and mouth, tense eyes, frequent fright, and passage of white matter. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Large Intestine Deficiency-Cold.)
Cold in the Large Intestine causes diarrhea; Heat causes constipation/excretion blockage; Exhaustion causes uncontrolled diarrhea/dysentery, and cessation of excretion leads to death. Deficiency-Cold causes slippery/uncontrolled diarrhea. The Large Intestine alternates between deficiency and excess, coming and going; Cold causes loose stools, Heat causes heavy/foul residue. (Note: There is erroneous text here.) Accumulated cold that does not dissipate causes pain at the umbilicus, inability to stand for long periods, and after pain subsides, passage of white matter; this is the case. (*Zhong Zang Jing*)
Four Signs of Large Intestine Deficiency: Deficient-Heat constipation/blockage belongs to Blood Deficiency and insufficient fluids; Deficient-Cold slippery/uncontrolled diarrhea belongs to Qi Deficiency; borborygmus belongs to Qi Deficiency; rectal prolapse belongs to Qi Deficiency, combined with Damp-Heat. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)
Lung and Large Intestine Both Excess: An excess Yin and Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates excess in both the Hand-Taiyin Lung and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridians. The patient suffers from headache and dizziness, fright and madness, throat bi pain, curled arms, and inability to close lips/mouth corners. (*Mai Jing*)
Lung and Large Intestine Both Deficient: A deficient Yin and Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates deficiency in both the Hand-Taiyin Lung and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridians. The patient suffers from buzzing tinnitus, occasional hallucinations of light, inner displeasure, or feelings of terror. (*Mai Jing*)
Kidney Disease Syndrome: Kidney pulse deep, large, and firm; or floating, large, and tight. The patient suffers from swelling of bones in hands and feet, reversal cold with genital flaccidity, lower back/spine pain, lower abdominal swelling, fluid-Qi below the heart, alternating distension/blockage and diarrhea. This is caused by bathing in water and engaging in intercourse before the body is dry, as well as labor and fatigue triggering it. In Kidney disease, the complexion is black, Qi is weak, breathing is shallow and short, ears suffer from deafness, lower back hurts, frequent seminal emission, reduced diet, and coldness below the knees. The pulse is deep, slippery, and slow; this is treatable. In Kidney disease, cold extremities, red face, yellow eyes, uncontrollable urination, vexatious pain in joints, knotting pain in lower abdomen, Qi rushing to the heart. The pulse should be deep, fine, and slippery; if it is instead floating and large, and the complexion should be black but is yellow, this is Earth overcoming Water, a major reversal, ten deaths, untreatable. (*Mai Jing*)
Kidney Excess: An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (left hand) indicates Kidney Excess. The patient suffers from confusion and forgetfulness, blurred vision, deafness, melancholy, and frequent tinnitus. An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (right hand) indicates Kidney Excess. The patient suffers from bone pain, lower back/spine pain, and internal alternating cold and heat. (*Mai Jing*)
An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (left hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from bladder distension/blockage, pain pulling from lower abdomen to lower back/spine. An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (left hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from dry tongue, swollen throat, vexation, dry throat, intermittent chest/hypochondriac pain, wheezing/coughing with sweat, lower abdominal fullness, stiff/urgent back, heavy body, hot bones, dark yellow urine, irritability, forgetfulness, hot/painful soles, black limbs, and deafness. (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Kidney Excess-Heat.) An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (right hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from Bi syndrome, body heat, heart/chest pain, pain pulling from spine to hypochondria, and reversal heat/vexation in feet. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Kidney Excess-Heat.)
When Kidney Qi is abundant and Zhi (Will) is in excess, diseases include abdominal distension, incomplete digestion diarrhea, body swelling, wheezing/coughing, sweating with aversion to wind, black face/head, and yellow urine; this is Kidney Qi Excess, and purgation is appropriate. (*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
Symptoms include lower abdominal fullness, dark yellow urine, terminal dribbling, frequency, and pain; this is Kidney Excess. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
The Kidney has no Excess condition, thus no purgation method. Two Signs of Mingmen Excess: Persistent erection belongs to Mingmen Fire Excess, caused by solitary Yang without Yin; this condition is mostly untreatable. Painful obstruction of the water orifice belongs to Mingmen Excess-Fire. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)
Kidney Deficiency (Frequent Saliva): An absent Yin pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (left hand) indicates absence of Kidney pulse. The patient suffers from heat in soles, tension inside thighs, exhaustion/scarcity of essence and Qi, caused by labor and fatigue. An absent Yin pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (right hand) indicates absence of Kidney pulse. The patient suffers from reversal cold in feet, upward rushing chest pain, dreaming of entering water and seeing ghosts, frequent lethargy/sleep, and black objects appearing to cover the person. (*Mai Jing*)
A deficient Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (left hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from chest oppression, heaviness below, swollen feet unable to touch the ground. A deficient Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (right hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from small/weak calves, aversion to wind/cold, intermittent pulse absence, cold feet, heaviness above/lightness below, inability to walk touching the ground, lower abdominal fullness, upward rushing chest/hypochondria, pain pulling to under ribs. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* adds: Named Kidney Deficiency-Cold.)
Insufficient Kidney Qi leads to reversal cold, cold lower back/spine, chest pain, tinnitus, and deafness; this is Kidney Qi Deficiency, and tonification is appropriate. (*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
If Kidney Qi is insufficient, waist/hips are hard to control, confusion and lack of mental strength, heavy hearing/inability to hear, vision like murky water, cold Qi in waist, itching all over body, bone pain preventing comfort, stiffness upon sitting, lack of Qi and dry throat, appearance like melted glue, stiff waist/hips as if cold; this is Kidney insufficiency, causing bodily discomfort. (*Wu Zang Lun*)
The Kidney is the Foot-Shaoyin Meridian; left is Kidney, right is Mingmen. Kidney and Mingmen are the residence of Spirit-Essence and the attachment of Primordial Qi. If Kidney is deficient, there is cutting pain in lower back/spine, inability to bend/extend, small/weak calves, frequent aversion to wind/cold, cold extremities, short breathing, vexatious joint pain, knotting pain in umbilical/abdomen, dark/black complexion, empty tinnitus in ears, withered muscle/bone, slippery/frequent urination; diagnosing a floating, fine, and rapid pulse indicates signs of Kidney Deficiency. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)
Fluids and drinks cannot transmit without ascending/descending, nor can they be dissolved without Yang herbs. Frequent saliva in Kidney deficiency is due to Kidney insufficiency, deficient/minimal Yang Qi, and condensation/stagnation of Yin-Cold in the chest/diaphragm, unable to dissolve, overflowing upwards to teeth/gums, hence preference for saliva. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Eighteen Signs of Kidney Deficiency (True Yin Insufficiency of Kidney Water): Lower back pain due to Kidney deficiency belongs to Essence-Qi deficiency; bone weakness/lack of strength belongs to Yin-Essence insufficiency, as deficiency governs bones; bone-steaming tidal fever belongs to extreme Essence-Blood deficiency, leading to Yang having no attachment, Fire flaming upwards; Transmitted Corpse Consumption (Chuan Shi Lao); vexatious heat in five hearts belongs to True Yin insufficiency; nocturnal emission/semen leakage belongs to Kidney Deficiency with Fire; scanty/astringent, hot/dark, frequent urination belongs to Kidney Deficiency with Fire; terminal dribbling belongs to Qi Deficiency; hematuria/blood strangury belongs to Kidney Deficiency with Fire, Heat injuring Blood division; semen injury/white turbidity belongs to excessive sexual labor, leading to damaged semen flowing out, resembling white turbidity syndrome; Five Stranguries belong to Kidney Deficiency combined with Damp-Heat; semen blocking water orifice obstruction belongs to uncompleted sexual desire, unsatisfied longing, holding back ejaculation due to fear, or elderly lacking Qi to expel semen; floating teeth, shaking true teeth, soft lower gums, or dental bleeding belong to Kidney Deficiency with Heat; Lower Xiao belongs to Kidney Yin Deficiency, Fire lurking in Lower Jiao; frequent fear belongs to Kidney Qi Deficiency, as Kidney stores Zhi; leakage of Qi from yin orifice belongs to Kidney Qi Deficiency insecurity, as Kidney governs receiving Qi, deficiency cannot receive, hence these signs; hernia belongs to Kidney Deficiency, Cold-Damp pathogens invading due to deficiency; Danxi stated it has nothing to do with Kidney Meridian, which is an error; also, some start with Damp-Pathogen disease, later becoming Damp-Heat, drugs should be divided into cold/heat sequential paths; Running Piglet (Ben Tun) belongs to Kidney Deficiency, Spleen Damp-Pathogen transmitting downward to invade Kidney. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*) Four Signs of Mingmen Deficiency (Primordial Yang True Fire Insufficiency): Impotence belongs to Mingmen Fire Decline, Lower Jiao Deficiency-Cold; cold/thin semen belongs to Mingmen Fire Decline, insufficient Yang Qi; Kidney diarrhea (morning diarrhea) belongs to Mingmen True Fire Insufficiency, aversion to cold and cold feet. (Ibid.)
Bladder Excess: An excess Yang pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (left hand) indicates Bladder Excess. The patient suffers from reversal cold, pain pulling from hypochondria due to pathogenic Qi. An excess Yang pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (right hand) indicates Bladder Excess. The patient suffers from lower abdominal fullness, pulling lower back pain. (*Mai Jing*)
An excess Yang pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (left hand) corresponds to the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. The patient suffers from reversal fullness, lower back pain unable to bend/extend, due to labor. An excess Yang pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (right hand)