[药品]
猪苓 泽泻 茯苓 桂枝 白术各一钱半至二钱半
[制服法]
共研为细末，每服一钱半，开水送下，服后频服暖水，使之汗出则愈()也可作汤剂，用水二茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服之。
[用药大意]
茯苓、猪苓、泽泻利水，白术补脾，桂枝温散寒邪。
[禁忌证]
无小便不利，或有喜冷性饮食现象者，均不可服。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)猪苓汤：此治有喜冷性饮食现象、小便不利的寒性利水之方。
(2)茯苓甘草汤：此治寒证较重水证较轻，散寒利水之方。
(3)真武汤：此回阳镇水之方．
甘草干姜汤方第四十一
[方义]
这是在阴阳两虚情况下的回阳之方。
[主治]
太阳桂枝证兼阴阳两虚，误用桂枝汤，致手足厥逆、吐逆(亡阳现象)或咽干烦躁(阴虚有热现象)等症。
[药品]
炙草：二至四钱 干姜(炮黑)一至二钱
[煎服法]
水两茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
干姜温中治厥，炮黑变辛为苦，使回阳而不伤阴，倍用甘草更从中以控制之。
按：干姜，一药对于此证不用不行，用之又嫌燥热太过，对于咽干烦躁之阴虚现象确实不利。故炮黑使用，方才稳妥。
[禁忌证]
没有咽干烦躁阴虚热证现象的厥冷证，不可使用本方。因力小不能胜任。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)四逆汤：此治阳虚手足厥逆之方。
(2)干姜附子汤：此治阳虚烦躁之方。
(3)茯苓四逆汤：此治气虚、阳虚兼有水气烦躁之方。
芍药甘草汤方第四十二
[方义]
此滋阴养血，治腿脚拘挛之方，也是健脾和肝并行不悖之剂。
[主治]
阴虚血虚，腿脚挛急，兼咽干烦躁。但必须具有阴虚内热现象，如脉数无力、喜冷等症。
按：根据经验认为，此方能够使肝胃相互协调，两不相碍，对于胃溃疡、肝硬化有一定的疗效。
[药品]
生杭芍三至四钱 炙草三至四钱
[煎服法]
水三茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
炙草补中和中，以滋血之源；芍药敛阴和肝，兼逐血痹，以畅血之行。故血行之障碍可除，四肢之拘挛得解。
[禁忌证]
兼有四肢厥冷、脉沉而迟、喜热怕冷之挛急证者忌之。因为这是寒证，《内经》所谓“诸寒收引”是也。
[类似方剂参考]
当归四逆加吴茱萸生姜汤：此治寒中厥阴手足拘挛之方。
炙甘草汤方第四十三
[方义]
此心经气血俱虚温补之方。
[主治]
伤寒心悸，脉结代。但必须兼有不喜冷性饮食的阳虚寒证现象。
[药品]
炙甘草二至三钱 生姜五分至一钱 人参一至二钱 生地三至五钱 桂枝五分至一钱 阿胶一至二钱 麦门冬一至二钱 麻子仁一至二钱 大枣二至四枚
[煎服法]
水三茶杯，白酒一小盅，煎至半杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
炙草、大枣、人参补中强心，麦冬、生地、阿胶养血，麻仁润燥，桂枝、生姜祛寒，白酒通血脉。
[禁忌证]
喜冷恶热之心悸脉结代证忌之。因热性病不宜使用温补药也。
[类似方剂参考]
加减复脉汤：此治脉结代，心悸，属于热性病喜冷性饮食证之方。
甘草汤方第四十四
[方义]
此清热泻火解毒，治咽喉痛之方。
[主治]
轻度咽喉疼痛初起时用之最宜。但必须没有寒热之表证和大便不利之里证，以及饮食不能下咽之重证方宜。
[药品]
甘草三至五钱
[煎服法]
水一茶杯半，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
甘草性味甘平，有清热缓急的作用。
[禁忌证]
(1)少阴真寒假热之喉痛(即脉微细，手足冷，有痰，局部不红之症)忌之。此宜温性药引火归原，不宜清热泻火。
(2)兼有表证、里证及肿痛较重之咽喉痛不宜用。因药力轻不能胜重任也。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)桔梗汤：此治喉中疼痛较重，除痰排脓之方．，
(2)养阴清肺汤：此治阴虚有热之喉痛，即晚间喉中干痛较甚，且无表证者之方。
(3)苦酒汤：此治咽中生疮，不能语言，声不出，清热消肿之方。
(4)半夏散及汤：此治外感寒邪咽喉疼痛之方。
(5)通脉四逆汤：此治咽喉疼痛真寒假热之方。
(6)三黄汤：此治火盛红肿喉痛之方。
厚朴生姜半夏甘草人参汤方第四十五
[方义]
此系消胀散寒、降逆补虚，治脾胃虚寒腹胀之方。
[主治]
伤寒发汗后，表证已解。脾胃之阳气被伤，气滞不通，形成腹部胀满之证。但必须具有喜按、喜温，或兼痰涎，或兼呕逆，脉象虚弱等。
[药品]
厚朴一钱至二钱半 生姜一至二钱 半夏一至二钱 炙甘草一钱至一钱半 人参一至二钱
[煎服法]
水三茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服，或另煎人参兑服也可。
[用药大意]
厚朴消胀，生姜散寒，半夏降逆止呕，炙草、人参补虚。
按：厚朴同人参治虚胀最效。
[禁忌证]
腹胀拒按、脉有力者忌之，此系实证，宜泻不宜补。喜冷者也忌之，此系热证，一宜凉不宜温。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)小承气汤：此治汗后腹胀拒按的实热证之方。
(2)理中汤：此治太阴病腹胀满兼吐泻的虚寒证之方。
栀子豉汤方第四十六
[方义]
此清解表里虚热及阳明在经邪热之方．
按：诸家多有认为此方是吐剂者，经临床实践证明，并非如此。
[主治]
热性病，汗吐下后，心中懊侬，心烦不眠，或胸中窒，或心中结痛。但必须大便不溏，喜冷，腹不拒按。
按：此证汗下后发现者最多，未经汗下者也有，即所谓阳明在经之邪热也．
[药品]
栀子二至三钱 豆豉二至三钱
[煎服法]
旧日煎法，先煎栀子，后人豆豉，经过实验，同煎效果也是相同的。因此，用水二茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去渣温服即可。
[用药大意]
栀子清里热，豆豉解表热。
[加减法]
(1)少气者加甘草(即栀子甘草豉汤)。
(2)呕者加生姜(即栀子生姜豉汤)。
(3)下利者去豆豉，加干姜(即梔子干姜汤)。
(4)腹满，起卧不安者，去豆豉加枳实、厚朴(即栀子厚朴汤)。
(5)劳复、食复者，加枳实，大便不利者，更加大黄(即枳实栀子豉汤)。
[禁忌证]
大便溏者，不可用，不得已而用者，必须配以干姜。
[类似方剂参考]
栀子干姜汤：此治心烦不眠兼下利之方。
栀子甘草豉汤方第四十七
[方义]
此清解表里虚热兼补中气之方。
[主治]
心中懊依，虚烦不眠，兼气不足等证。
按：此系热邪伤气之轻证，如气伤较甚，体倦脉虚者，可酌加人参补气之品；若热邪较甚，口渴喜冷，宜酌加生石膏等清热之药。
[药品]
栀子二至三钱 甘草一至二钱 豆豉二至三钱
[煎服法]
水二茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓，温服。
[用药大意]
栀子、豆豉清表里之虚热，甘草补中气之不足。
按：本方之甘草有用生的，有用炙的。对少气的治法，清热、补中都有一定价值，用时宜斟酌。我的经验，生用较多。
[类似方剂参考]
栀子豉汤：此治心烦不眠、表里虚热之方。
栀子生姜豉汤方第四十八
[方义]
此清热止呕之方。
[主治]
心烦不眠，兼呕吐。但必须具有寒热夹杂现象。
按：“寒热夹杂”如心烦属热，呕而不喜冷属寒。
[药品]
栀子二至四钱 生姜一至三钱 豆豉二至四钱
[煎服法]
水二茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
栀子、豆豉以清表里之虚热，生姜以止胃寒之呕吐。
按：“呕”指恶心欲呕一类的症状，有声无物为呕。此由于胃中寒气上逆所致。生姜温胃散寒，为治呕圣药，用时当辨清寒热，斟酌使用。
[禁忌证]
大便溏者，不可用；喜冷者，也不可用。因前者系寒邪较重，后者系单纯热证。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)栀子豉汤：此单纯清热，治心烦不眠之方。
(2)栀子干姜汤：此治心烦不眠兼大便溏泻，寒热夹杂，寒邪较重之方。
栀子厚朴汤方第四十九
[方义]
此清解胸膈之热兼疏肠胃之滞的方剂。
[主治]
心烦腹满。但必须具有腹部拒按及喜冷的热证现象。
按：腹满不拒按者不宜用枳朴，不喜冷者不宜用栀子。
[药品]
栀子二至三钱 厚朴：二至三钱 枳实二至三钱
[煎服法]
水两茶杯半。煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
栀子治心烦，枳实、厚朴去腹满。
[禁忌证]
大便溏者不可用，不能食冷性饮食者亦不可用。
按：大便溏和不喜冷性饮食是肠胃有寒的表现。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)栀子豉汤：此是清解表里虚热之方。
(2)枳实栀子豉汤：此是治劳复食复、表里虚热、心下拒按之方。
(3)栀子大黄汤：此是《金匮要略》治酒疸之心烦、腹拒按、大便不利之方。
栀子干姜汤方第五十
[方义]
此为清胸膈之热兼温肠胃之寒，寒热并用之方。亦为栀子豉汤加减方之一。
[主治]
伤寒误下后，身热心烦，大便溏泻。但必须具有喜冷食而不敢食之寒热矛盾现象。
按：此证往往服凉性药后心烦即见轻便，但便溏却见增重；若服热性药则便溏虽轻，然心烦即见加重。故必须寒热药并用方能取效。
[药品]
栀子一至三钱 干姜一至三钱
[煎服法]
用水二茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
栀子苦寒以清胸膈之热，干姜辛温以温肠胃之寒。
按：此证下后利犹未止，须用干姜；身热不去，须用栀子。
[禁忌证]
凡无上热下寒错杂现象者，即不可用。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)栀子豉汤：此是单纯清热之方。
(2)理中汤：此是单纯治肠胃虚寒之方。
(3)连理汤：此汤虽然也是治寒热错杂病证之方，但补性较胜。
(4)猪肤汤：此亦为治心烦兼下利之方，但重点在滋润方面。
(5)猪苓汤：此亦为治心烦兼下利之方，但重点在利水方面。
栀子柏皮汤方第五十一
[方义]
此清热燥湿，治黄疸之方。
[主治]
黄疸，没有可汗之表证(如发热，无汗恶寒等)，没有可下之里证(如腹满拒按，大便不利等)，而只有内热喜冷等现象。
[药品]
栀子三至五钱 黄柏二至三钱 炙草一至二钱
[煎服法]
水二茶杯半，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
栀子、黄柏清热燥湿，炙草和中补正。
[禁忌证]
有发热无汗之表证者忌之；有腹痛拒按、便秘之里证者忌之。因本方没有解表攻里的作用。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)麻黄连轺赤小豆汤：此治黄疽有表证，发汗之方。
(2)茵陈蒿汤：此治黄疸有里证攻下之方。
小陷胸汤方第五十二
[方义]
此是小结胸证，清热、降痰、开胸膈之方。
[主治]
小结胸病，心下部胃脘胀满，按之则痛，脉浮滑。但必须具有口苦，痰饮，热痰互结现象
[药品]
[煎服法]
水二茶杯半，先煎瓜蒌至一茶杯半，去滓，入黄连、半夏，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
黄连清内热，半夏去痰饮，瓜蒌开胸膈。
[禁忌证]
心下满痛喜按之虚证不可服：没有热痰现象，或脉不浮滑之寒证不可服。
[制服法]
将上述药物共同研磨成细末，每次服用一钱半，用开水送服。服药后频繁饮用温水，使其出汗即可痊愈。也可以作为汤剂使用，取两茶杯水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[用药大意]
茯苓和猪苓、泽泻具有利水渗湿的作用；白术能补益脾气；桂枝能温散寒邪。
[禁忌证]
没有小便不利症状，或者表现出喜欢冷饮冷食现象的患者，均不可服用。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 猪苓汤：这是治疗伴有喜冷饮冷食现象、小便不利的寒性利水方剂。
(2) 茯苓甘草汤：这是治疗寒证较重而水饮证较轻，具有散寒利水作用的方剂。
(3) 真武汤：这是回阳救逆、镇摄水气的方剂。
甘草干姜汤方第四十一
[主治]
太阳病桂枝证兼有阴阳两虚，误用桂枝汤后，导致手足厥逆（亡阳现象）或咽干烦躁（阴虚有热现象）等症状。
[煎服法]
取两茶杯水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[用药大意]
干姜能温中散寒以治疗四肢厥冷，经炮黑处理后由辛变苦，使回阳而不伤阴液；加倍使用甘草可以更有效地从中焦控制病情。
按语：对于此证，干姜是一味非用不可的药，但使用时又担心其燥热太过，对于咽干烦躁的阴虚现象确实不利。因此必须炮黑后使用，方才稳妥。
[禁忌证]
没有咽干烦躁等阴虚热证表现的厥冷证，不可使用本方。因为药力微弱，不能胜任治疗重任。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 四逆汤：这是治疗阳虚所致手足厥逆的方剂。
(2) 干姜附子汤：这是治疗阳虚所致烦躁的方剂。
(3) 茯苓四逆汤：这是治疗气虚、阳虚兼有水气扰动所致烦躁的方剂。
芍药甘草汤方第四十二
[方义]
这是滋阴养血、治疗腿脚拘挛的方剂，也是健脾与柔肝并行不悖的方剂。
[主治]
阴虚血虚导致的腿脚挛急，兼有咽干烦躁。但必须具有阴虚内热的现象，如脉数无力、喜欢冷饮等症状。
按语：根据临床经验认为，此方能够使肝胃相互协调，互不相碍，对于胃溃疡、肝硬化有一定的疗效。
[煎服法]
取三茶杯水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[用药大意]
炙甘草能补中和中，作为滋生化血的源头；芍药能敛阴和肝，兼除血痹，以畅通血液运行。因此，血液运行的障碍可被消除，四肢的拘挛得以缓解。
[禁忌证]
兼有四肢厥冷、脉象沉迟、喜欢温热怕冷的拘挛证者忌用。因为这是寒证，即《内经》所说的“诸寒收引”。
[类似方剂参考]
当归四逆加吴茱萸生姜汤：这是治疗寒邪入厥阴经所致手足拘挛的方剂。
炙甘草汤方第四十三
[主治]
伤寒所致的心悸，脉象结代。但必须兼有不喜冷饮冷食的阳虚寒证表现。
[药品]
炙甘草：二至三钱；生姜：五分至一钱；人参：一至二钱；生地：三至五钱；桂枝：五分至一钱；阿胶：一至二钱；麦门冬：一至二钱；麻子仁：一至二钱；大枣：二至四枚。
[煎服法]
取三茶杯水和一小盅白酒，煎煮至半杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[用药大意]
炙甘草、大枣、人参能补中益气、强心；麦冬、生地、阿胶能养血；麻仁能润燥；桂枝、生姜能祛寒；白酒能通血脉。
[禁忌证]
喜欢寒冷厌恶发热的心悸脉结代证忌用。因为热性病不宜使用温补药物。
[类似方剂参考]
加减复脉汤：这是治疗脉结代、心悸，属于热性病且喜冷饮冷食证的方剂。
甘草汤方第四十四
[主治]
轻度咽喉疼痛初起时应用最为适宜。但必须没有寒热之表证和大便不利之里证，以及饮食不能下咽的重证才适宜使用。
[药品]
甘草：三至五钱。
[煎服法]
取一杯半水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[用药大意]
甘草性味甘平，具有清热缓急的作用。
[禁忌证]
(1) 少阴病真寒假热之喉痛（即脉微细，手足冷，有痰，局部不红肿的症状）忌用。此宜用温性药引火归原，不宜清热泻火。
(2) 兼有表证、里证及肿痛较重的咽喉痛不宜用。因为药力轻浅，不能胜任重任。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 桔梗汤：这是治疗喉中疼痛较重，具有除痰排脓作用的方剂。
(2) 养阴清肺汤：这是治疗阴虚有热之喉痛，即晚间喉中干痛较甚，且无表证者的方剂。
(3) 苦酒汤：这是治疗咽中生疮，不能言语，声音不出，具有清热消肿作用的方剂。
(4) 半夏散及汤：这是治疗外感寒邪所致咽喉疼痛的方剂。
(5) 通脉四逆汤：这是治疗咽喉疼痛属真寒假热证的方剂。
(6) 三黄汤：这是治疗火盛红肿喉痛的方剂。
厚朴生姜半夏甘草人参汤方第四十五
[主治]
伤寒发汗后，表证已解。脾胃阳气受损，气机阻滞不通，形成腹部胀满之证。但必须具有喜欢按压、喜欢温热，或兼有痰涎，或兼有呕逆，脉象虚弱等表现。
[药品]
厚朴：一钱至二钱半；生姜：一至二钱；半夏：一至二钱；炙甘草：一钱至一钱半；人参：一至二钱。
[煎服法]
取三茶杯水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。也可以另煎人参兑服。
[用药大意]
厚朴能消胀，生姜能散寒，半夏能降逆止呕，炙甘草、人参能补虚。
按语：厚朴与人参配合治疗虚性腹胀最为有效。
[禁忌证]
腹胀拒按、脉有力者忌用，此为实证，宜泻不宜补。喜欢冷饮者也忌用，此为热证，宜凉不宜温。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 小承气汤：这是治疗发汗后腹胀拒按的实热证的方剂。
(2) 理中汤：这是治疗太阴病腹胀满兼吐泻的虚寒证的方剂。
栀子豉汤方第四十六
[方义]
这是清解表里虚热及阳明在经邪热的方剂。
按语：各家多有认为此方是催吐剂的，经临床实践证明，并非如此。
[主治]
热性病，经过发汗、催吐、攻下后，心中懊恼，心烦不眠，或胸中窒塞，或心中结痛。但必须大便不溏，喜欢冷饮，腹部不拒按。
按语：此证多在汗下后发现者最多，未经汗下者也有，即所谓阳明在经之邪热。
[药品]
栀子：二至三钱；豆豉：二至三钱。
[煎服法]
旧日煎法是先煎栀子，后入豆豉，经过实验，同煎效果也是相同的。因此，取两茶杯水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服即可。
[用药大意]
栀子清里热，豆豉解表热。
[加减法]
(1) 少气者加甘草（即栀子甘草豉汤）。
(2) 呕吐者加生姜（即栀子生姜豉汤）。
(3) 下利者去豆豉，加干姜（即栀子干姜汤）。
(4) 腹满，坐卧不安者，去豆豉加枳实、厚朴（即栀子厚朴汤）。
(5) 劳复、食复者，加枳实，大便不利者，更加大黄（即枳实栀子豉汤）。
栀子甘草豉汤方第四十七
[主治]
心中懊恼，虚烦不眠，兼气不足等证。
按语：此系热邪伤气的轻证，如气伤较甚，体倦脉虚者，可酌加人参补气之品；若热邪较甚，口渴喜冷，宜酌加生石膏等清热之药。
[药品]
栀子：二至三钱；甘草：一至二钱；豆豉：二至三钱。
[煎服法]
取两茶杯水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[用药大意]
栀子、豆豉清表里之虚热，甘草补中气之不足。
按语：本方中的甘草有用生的，有用炙的。对少气的治法，清热、补中都有一定价值，用时宜斟酌。我的经验，生用较多。
[类似方剂参考]
栀子豉汤：这是治疗心烦不眠、表里虚热的方剂。
栀子生姜豉汤方第四十八
[方义]
这是清热止呕的方剂。
[主治]
心烦不眠，兼呕吐。但必须具有寒热夹杂现象。
按语：“寒热夹杂”如心烦属热，呕而不喜冷属寒。
[药品]
栀子：二至四钱；生姜：一至三钱；豆豉：二至四钱。
[煎服法]
取两茶杯水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[用药大意]
栀子、豆豉以清表里之虚热，生姜以止胃寒之呕吐。
按语：“呕”指恶心欲呕一类的症状，有声无物为呕。此由于胃中寒气上逆所致。生姜温胃散寒，为治呕圣药，用时当辨清寒热，斟酌使用。
[禁忌证]
大便溏者，不可用；喜欢冷饮者，也不可用。因前者系寒邪较重，后者系单纯热证。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 栀子豉汤：这是单纯清热，治疗心烦不眠的方剂。
(2) 栀子干姜汤：这是治疗心烦不眠兼大便溏泻，寒热夹杂，寒邪较重的方剂。
栀子厚朴汤方第四十九
[主治]
心烦腹满。但必须具有腹部拒按及喜冷的热证现象。
按语：腹满不拒按者不宜用枳实、厚朴，不喜冷者不宜用栀子。
[药品]
栀子：二至三钱；厚朴：二至三钱；枳实：二至三钱。
[煎服法]
取两茶杯半水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[禁忌证]
大便溏者不可用，不能食冷性饮食者亦不可用。
按语：大便溏和不喜冷性饮食是肠胃有寒的表现。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 栀子豉汤：这是清解表里虚热的方剂。
(2) 枳实栀子豉汤：这是治疗劳复食复、表里虚热、心下拒按的方剂。
(3) 栀子大黄汤：这是《金匮要略》治疗酒疸之心烦、腹拒按、大便不利的方剂。
栀子干姜汤方第五十
[方义]
这是清胸膈之热兼温肠胃之寒，寒热并用的方剂。亦为栀子豉汤加减方之一。
[主治]
伤寒误下后，身热心烦，大便溏泻。但必须具有喜冷食而不敢食的寒热矛盾现象。
按语：此证往往服凉性药后心烦即见轻便，但便溏却见增重；若服热性药则便溏虽轻，然心烦即见加重。故必须寒热药并用方能取效。
[药品]
栀子：一至三钱；干姜：一至三钱。
[煎服法]
取两茶杯水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[用药大意]
栀子苦寒以清胸膈之热，干姜辛温以温肠胃之寒。
按语：此证下后利犹未止，须用干姜；身热不去，须用栀子。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 栀子豉汤：这是单纯清热的方剂。
(2) 理中汤：这是单纯治疗肠胃虚寒的方剂。
(3) 连理汤：此汤虽然也是治疗寒热错杂病证的方剂，但补性较胜。
(4) 猪肤汤：这也是治疗心烦兼下利的方剂，但重点在滋润方面。
(5) 猪苓汤：这也是治疗心烦兼下利的方剂，但重点在利水方面。
栀子柏皮汤方第五十一
[主治]
黄疸，没有可汗之表证（如发热，无汗恶寒等），没有可下之里证（如腹满拒按，大便不利等），而只有内热喜冷等现象。
[煎服法]
取两茶杯半水，煎煮至半茶杯，滤去药渣，温服。
[禁忌证]
有发热无汗之表证者忌用；有腹痛拒按、便秘之里证者忌用。因本方没有解表攻里的作用。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 麻黄连轺赤小豆汤：这是治疗黄疸有表证，需发汗的方剂。
(2) 茵陈蒿汤：这是治疗黄疸有里证，需攻下的方剂。
小陷胸汤方第五十二
[方义]
这是小结胸证，具有清热、降痰、开胸膈作用的方剂。
[主治]
小结胸病，心下部胃脘胀满，按之则痛，脉浮滑。但必须具有口苦，痰饮，热痰互结现象。
[Herbs]
Polyporus (Zuling), Alisma (Zexie), Poria (Fuling), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu): each 1.5 to 2.5 qian.
[Preparation and Administration]
Grind the above herbs into a fine powder. Take 1.5 qian each time, washed down with boiled water. After taking the medicine, frequently drink warm water until sweating occurs, which indicates recovery. It can also be prepared as a decoction: use two teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Poria and Polyporus, along with Alisma, promote diuresis and leach out dampness; Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome tonifies Spleen Qi; Cinnamon Twig warms and disperses cold pathogenic factors.
[Contraindications]
Patients without symptoms of difficult urination, or those who exhibit a preference for cold drinks and food, must not take this formula.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Zhuling Tang (Polyporus Decoction): This is a cold-natured diuretic formula used for cases accompanied by a preference for cold drinks/food and difficult urination.
(2) Fuling Gancao Tang (Poria and Licorice Decoction): This is a formula that dispels cold and promotes diuresis, used when the cold syndrome is severe but the fluid retention syndrome is mild.
(3) Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction): This is a formula to restore Yang and suppress water qi.
Gancao Ganjiang Tang Formula No. 41
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to restore Yang in conditions of deficiency of both Yin and Yang.
[Indications]
Taiyang disease presenting with Guizhi pattern combined with deficiency of both Yin and Yang. Misuse of Guizhi Tang leads to cold extremities (phenomenon of Yang collapse) or dry throat with irritability (phenomenon of Yin deficiency with heat).
[Herbs]
Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao): 2 to 4 qian; Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, roasted black): 1 to 2 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use two teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Dried Ginger warms the middle and treats cold extremities. Roasting it black changes its acrid nature to bitter, allowing it to restore Yang without damaging Yin. Doubling the amount of Licorice helps control the condition from the Middle Jiao.
Note: For this syndrome, Dried Ginger is indispensable, yet its excessive dryness and heat are concerning, as it is indeed unfavorable for the Yin deficiency phenomena of dry throat and irritability. Therefore, it must be used after roasting black to ensure safety.
[Contraindications]
Cold extremity syndromes without manifestations of Yin deficiency heat such as dry throat and irritability should not use this formula. The medicinal power is too weak to handle the task.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Sini Tang (Reverse Cold Decoction): This is a formula for treating cold extremities due to Yang deficiency.
(2) Ganjiang Fuzi Tang (Dried Ginger and Aconite Decoction): This is a formula for treating irritability due to Yang deficiency.
(3) Fuling Sini Tang (Poria and Reverse Cold Decoction): This is a formula for treating irritability caused by Qi deficiency, Yang deficiency, and concurrent water qi disturbance.
Shaoyao Gancao Tang Formula No. 42
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to nourish Yin and blood, treating leg and foot cramps. It is also a formula that harmonizes the Spleen and Liver simultaneously.
[Indications]
Leg and foot cramps due to Yin and Blood deficiency, accompanied by dry throat and irritability. However, there must be manifestations of internal heat due to Yin deficiency, such as rapid and forceless pulse, and preference for cold drinks.
Note: Based on clinical experience, this formula can coordinate the Liver and Stomach, preventing mutual interference, and has certain efficacy for gastric ulcers and liver cirrhosis.
[Herbs]
Raw Hangshao (White Peony Root, Sheng Hangshao): 3 to 4 qian; Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao): 3 to 4 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use three teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Honey-fried Licorice Root tonifies and harmonizes the middle, serving as the source for generating blood; Peony Root astringes Yin and harmonizes the Liver, while expelling blood stasis to facilitate blood circulation. Thus, obstacles in blood circulation are removed, and cramps in the four limbs are resolved.
[Contraindications]
Cramp syndromes accompanied by cold extremities, deep and slow pulse, and preference for warmth/fear of cold are contraindicated. This is a cold syndrome, as stated in the *Neijing*: "All cold causes contraction and pulling."
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
Danggui Sini Jia Wuzhuyu Shengjiang Tang (Angelica Sinensis Decoction for Reversal Cold plus Evodia and Fresh Ginger): This is a formula for treating hand and foot cramps due to cold invading the Jueyin channel.
Zhigancao Tang Formula No. 43
[Formula Meaning]
This is a warming and tonifying formula for deficiency of both Qi and Blood in the Heart channel.
[Indications]
Palpitations due to Shanghan (cold damage), with knotted or intermittent pulse. However, there must be concomitant manifestations of Yang deficiency cold syndrome, such as no preference for cold drinks/food.
[Herbs]
Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao): 2 to 3 qian; Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang): 0.5 to 1 qian; Ginseng (Renshen): 1 to 2 qian; Rehmannia Root (Shengdi): 3 to 5 qian; Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi): 0.5 to 1 qian; Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao): 1 to 2 qian; Ophiopogon Tuber (Maidong): 1 to 2 qian; Sesame Seed (Maziren): 1 to 2 qian; Jujube (Dazao): 2 to 4 pieces.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use three teacups of water and one small cup of white wine. Boil until reduced to half a cup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Licorice Root, Jujube, and Ginseng tonify the middle and strengthen the heart; Ophiopogon, Rehmannia, and Donkey-hide Gelatin nourish blood; Sesame Seed moistens dryness; Cinnamon Twig and Fresh Ginger dispel cold; White wine unblocks the vessels.
[Contraindications]
Palpitations with knotted/intermittent pulse characterized by preference for cold and aversion to heat are contraindicated. Warm-tonifying medicines are unsuitable for febrile diseases.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
Jiajian Fumai Tang (Modified Pulse-Recovering Decoction): This is a formula for treating knotted/intermittent pulse and palpitations belonging to febrile diseases with preference for cold drinks/food.
Gancao Tang Formula No. 44
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to clear heat, purge fire, and resolve toxicity, treating sore throat.
[Indications]
Most suitable for mild sore throat at the initial stage. However, it is only appropriate if there are no exterior signs of cold-heat conflict, no interior signs of constipation, and no severe symptoms where food cannot be swallowed.
[Herbs]
Licorice Root (Gancao): 3 to 5 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use one and a half teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Licorice Root is sweet and neutral in nature, possessing the function of clearing heat and relieving urgency.
[Contraindications]
(1) Sore throat due to True Cold and False Heat in Shaoyin (symptoms include faint and thin pulse, cold extremities, phlegm, and local non-redness) is contraindicated. This requires warm medicines to guide fire back to its origin, not heat-clearing and fire-purging methods.
(2) Sore throat accompanied by exterior/interior syndromes or severe swelling and pain is not suitable. The medicinal power is too light to bear the heavy responsibility.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction): This is a formula for treating severe throat pain, resolving phlegm, and discharging pus.
(2) Yangyin Qingfei Tang (Nourish Yin and Clear Lung Decoction): This is a formula for treating sore throat due to Yin deficiency with heat, specifically worse dry/painful throat at night without exterior signs.
(3) Kiju Tang (Bitter Egg Decoction): This is a formula for treating sores in the throat, inability to speak, loss of voice, clearing heat and reducing swelling.
(4) Banxia San Ji Tang (Pinellia Powder and Decoction): This is a formula for treating sore throat due to external cold pathogen.
(5) Tongmai Sini Tang (Unblock Vessels Reverse Cold Decoction): This is a formula for treating true cold false heat sore throat.
(6) Sanhuang Tang (Three Yellows Decoction): This is a formula for treating red and swollen sore throat due to excess fire.
Houpo Shengjiang Banxia Gancao Renshen Tang Formula No. 45
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to reduce distension, dispel cold, direct rebellious Qi downward, and tonify deficiency, treating abdominal distension due to Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold.
[Indications]
After sweating treatment for Shanghan, the exterior syndrome has resolved. The Yang Qi of the Spleen and Stomach is damaged, causing Qi stagnation and obstruction, leading to abdominal fullness. However, there must be manifestations such as preference for pressure/warmth, or concomitant phlegm-saliva, vomiting/rebellious Qi, and a weak pulse.
[Herbs]
Magnolia Bark (Houpo): 1 to 2.5 qian; Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang): 1 to 2 qian; Pinellia Tuber (Banxia): 1 to 2 qian; Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao): 1 to 1.5 qian; Ginseng (Renshen): 1 to 2 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use three teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm. Alternatively, decoct Ginseng separately and mix.
[Principles of Medication]
Magnolia Bark reduces distension, Fresh Ginger dispels cold, Pinellia directs rebellious Qi downward and stops vomiting, Honey-fried Licorice Root and Ginseng tonify deficiency.
Note: Magnolia Bark combined with Ginseng is most effective for treating deficiency-type distension.
[Contraindications]
Abdominal distension with refusal to press and strong pulse are contraindicated; this is an excess syndrome, requiring purgation rather than tonification. Preference for cold drinks is also contraindicated; this is a heat syndrome, requiring cooling rather than warming.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction): This is a formula for treating excess-heat abdominal distension with refusal to press after sweating.
(2) Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction): This is a formula for treating deficiency-cold abdominal fullness with vomiting and diarrhea in Taiyin disease.
Zhizi Chi Tang Formula No. 46
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to clear deficient heat in the interior and exterior, and pathogenic heat in the Yangming channel.
Note: Many scholars consider this formula an emetic, but clinical practice proves otherwise.
[Indications]
Febrile disease after sweating, vomiting, or purging, presenting with mental restlessness (Aonao), irritability and insomnia, chest oppression, or chest pain. However, the stool must not be loose, there must be a preference for cold, and the abdomen must not refuse pressure.
Note: This syndrome is most often discovered after sweating or purging, though it can occur without them, known as pathogenic heat in the Yangming channel.
[Herbs]
Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi): 2 to 3 qian; Fermented Soybean (Chidouchi): 2 to 3 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Old method: decoct Gardenia first, then add Fermented Soybean. Experiments show simultaneous decoction yields the same effect. Therefore, use two teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Gardenia clears interior heat, Fermented Soybean resolves exterior heat.
[Modifications]
(1) Add Licorice Root for shortness of breath (Zhizi Gancao Chidouchi Tang).
(2) Add Fresh Ginger for vomiting (Zhizi Shengjiang Chidouchi Tang).
(3) Remove Fermented Soybean and add Dried Ginger for diarrhea (Zhizi Ganjiang Tang).
(4) Remove Fermented Soybean and add Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi) and Magnolia Bark (Houpo) for abdominal fullness and restlessness (Zhizi Houpo Tang).
(5) Add Immature Bitter Orange for relapse due to overwork or diet; add Rhubarb (Dahuang) if stool is difficult (Zhishi Zhizi Chidouchi Tang).
[Contraindications]
Loose stools are a contraindication. If unavoidable, it must be combined with Dried Ginger.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
Zhizi Ganjiang Tang (Gardenia and Dried Ginger Decoction): This is a formula for treating irritability and insomnia with diarrhea.
Zhizi Gancao Chidouchi Tang Formula No. 47
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to clear deficient heat in the interior and exterior and tonify Middle Qi.
[Indications]
Mental restlessness, empty irritability and insomnia, accompanied by Qi insufficiency.
Note: This is a mild case of heat pathogen damaging Qi. If Qi damage is severe with fatigue and deft pulse, consider adding Ginseng to tonify Qi. If heat pathogen is severe with thirst and preference for cold, consider adding Raw Gypsum (Shigao) to clear heat.
[Herbs]
Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi): 2 to 3 qian; Licorice Root (Gancao): 1 to 2 qian; Fermented Soybean (Chidouchi): 2 to 3 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use two teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Gardenia and Fermented Soybean clear deficient heat in the interior and exterior; Licorice Root tonifies insufficient Middle Qi.
Note: Licorice Root in this formula can be raw or honey-fried. Both have value for treating shortness of breath, clearing heat, and tonifying the middle. Use with discretion. In my experience, raw Licorice is used more often.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
Zhizi Chidouchi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction): This is a formula for treating irritability and insomnia with deficient heat in the interior and exterior.
Zhizi Shengjiang Chidouchi Tang Formula No. 48
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to clear heat and stop vomiting.
[Indications]
Irritability and insomnia with vomiting. However, there must be mixed cold and heat phenomena.
Note: "Mixed cold and heat" means irritability belongs to heat, while vomiting without preference for cold belongs to cold.
[Herbs]
Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi): 2 to 4 qian; Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang): 1 to 3 qian; Fermented Soybean (Chidouchi): 2 to 4 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use two teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Gardenia and Fermented Soybean clear deficient heat in the interior and exterior; Fresh Ginger stops vomiting due to Stomach cold.
Note: "Vomiting" refers to nausea and urge to vomit; sound without matter is vomiting. This is caused by cold Qi in the Stomach rebelling upward. Fresh Ginger warms the Stomach and dispels cold, being the holy medicine for treating vomiting. One must distinguish cold and heat when using it.
[Contraindications]
Loose stools are a contraindication; preference for cold drinks is also a contraindication. The former indicates heavier cold pathogen, the latter indicates pure heat syndrome.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Zhizi Chidouchi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction): This is a purely heat-clearing formula for treating irritability and insomnia.
(2) Zhizi Ganjiang Tang (Gardenia and Dried Ginger Decoction): This is a formula for treating irritability and insomnia with loose stools, mixed cold and heat, and heavier cold pathogen.
Zhizi Houpo Tang Formula No. 49
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to clear heat in the chest and diaphragm and unblock stagnation in the intestines and stomach.
[Indications]
Irritability and abdominal fullness. However, there must be manifestations of heat syndrome such as abdominal refusal to press and preference for cold.
Note: Abdominal fullness without refusal to press should not use Immature Bitter Orange and Magnolia Bark; lack of preference for cold should not use Gardenia.
[Herbs]
Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi): 2 to 3 qian; Magnolia Bark (Houpo): 2 to 3 qian; Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi): 2 to 3 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use two and a half teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Gardenia treats irritability; Immature Bitter Orange and Magnolia Bark remove abdominal fullness.
[Contraindications]
Loose stools are a contraindication; inability to eat cold foods/drinks is also a contraindication.
Note: Loose stools and lack of preference for cold foods/drinks are manifestations of cold in the intestines and stomach.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Zhizi Chidouchi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction): This is a formula to clear deficient heat in the interior and exterior.
(2) Zhishi Zhizi Chidouchi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange, Gardenia, and Fermented Soybean Decoction): This is a formula for treating relapse due to overwork/diet, deficient heat in interior/exterior, and epigastric refusal to press.
(3) Zhizi Dahuang Tang (Gardenia and Rhubarb Decoction): From *Jinkui Yaolue*, this is a formula for treating jaundice due to alcohol with irritability, abdominal refusal to press, and difficult defecation.
Zhizi Ganjiang Tang Formula No. 50
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to clear heat in the chest/diaphragm and warm cold in the intestines/stomach, using both cold and heat properties. It is also a modification of Zhizi Chidouchi Tang.
[Indications]
After mistaken purging in Shanghan, fever and irritability with loose stools. However, there must be a contradictory phenomenon of preferring cold food but daring not to eat it.
Note: In this syndrome, taking cold-natured medicines often relieves irritability but worsens loose stools; taking hot-natured medicines may lighten loose stools but aggravate irritability. Therefore, combining cold and heat medicines is necessary for efficacy.
[Herbs]
Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi): 1 to 3 qian; Dried Ginger (Ganjiang): 1 to 3 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use two teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Gardenia is bitter and cold to clear heat in the chest/diaphragm; Dried Ginger is acrid and warm to warm cold in the intestines/stomach.
Note: For this syndrome, if diarrhea persists after purging, Dried Ginger is needed; if fever persists, Gardenia is needed.
[Contraindications]
If there is no mixed phenomenon of upper heat and lower cold, it must not be used.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Zhizi Chidouchi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction): This is a purely heat-clearing formula.
(2) Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction): This is a purely formula for treating deficiency-cold of the intestines and stomach.
(3) Lianli Tang (Coptis and Regulate the Middle Decoction): Although this is also a formula for mixed cold-heat syndromes, its tonifying nature is stronger.
(4) Zhufu Tang (Pig Skin Decoction): This is also a formula for treating irritability with diarrhea, but focuses on moistening.
(5) Zhuling Tang (Polyporus Decoction): This is also a formula for treating irritability with diarrhea, but focuses on promoting diuresis.
Zhizi Baipi Tang Formula No. 51
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula to clear heat and dry dampness, treating jaundice.
[Indications]
Jaundice without exterior signs suitable for sweating (e.g., fever, no sweat, aversion to cold), without interior signs suitable for purging (e.g., abdominal fullness with refusal to press, difficult defecation), but only with internal heat and preference for cold.
[Herbs]
Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi): 3 to 5 qian; Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai): 2 to 3 qian; Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao): 1 to 2 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use two and a half teacups of water, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Gardenia and Phellodendron Bark clear heat and dry dampness; Honey-fried Licorice Root harmonizes the middle and supports healthy Qi.
[Contraindications]
Exterior signs of fever and no sweat are contraindicated; interior signs of abdominal pain with refusal to press and constipation are contraindicated. Because this formula lacks actions to release the exterior and purge the interior.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Mazi Lianqiao Chixiaodou Tang (Ephedra, Platycodon, and Red Bean Decoction): This is a formula for treating jaundice with exterior signs, requiring sweating.
(2) Yinchen Hao Tang (Artemisia Capillaris Decoction): This is a formula for treating jaundice with interior signs, requiring purging.
Xiao Xianxiong Tang Formula No. 52
[Formula Meaning]
This is a formula for minor Chest Bi syndrome, with functions of clearing heat, descending phlegm, and opening the chest and diaphragm.
[Indications]
Minor Chest Bi syndrome, fullness in the epigastrium (lower chest/stomach area), pain upon pressure, floating and slippery pulse. However, there must be manifestations of bitter taste, phlegm-fluids, and interlocking of heat and phlegm.
[Herbs]
Trichosanthes Fruit (Gualou Shi): 3 to 5 qian; Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian): 1 to 2 qian; Pinellia Tuber (Banxia): 1 to 3 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Use two and a half teacups of water. First decoct Trichosanthes Fruit until reduced to one and a half teacups, strain the dregs, add Coptis Rhizome and Pinellia Tuber, boil until reduced to half a teacup, strain the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Coptis Rhizome clears internal heat, Pinellia Tuber removes phlegm-fluids, Trichosanthes Fruit opens the chest and diaphragm.
[Contraindications]
Deficiency syndromes with fullness and pain in the epigastrium that prefer pressure are contraindicated. Syndromes without heat-phlegm manifestations, or cold syndromes with non-floating/slippery pulses, are contraindicated.