告状切不可信,须是详细检验,务要从实。
有可任公吏使之察访,或有非理等说,且听来报,自更裁度。
戒左右人,不得卤莽。
初检,不得称尸首坏烂不任检验,并须指定要害致死之因。
凡初检时,如体问得是争斗分明,虽经多日,亦不得定作无凭检验,招上司问难。须仔
细定当痕损致命去处。若委是经日久变动,方称尸首不任摆拨。
初检尸有无伤损讫,就验处,衬簟尸首在物上,复以物盖。候毕,周遭用灰印,记有若干枚,交与
守尸弓手、耆正副、邻人看守,责状附案,交与覆检,免至被人残害伤损尸首也。若是疑难
检验,仍不得远去,防覆检异同。
与前检无异,方可保明具申。万一致命处不明,痕损不同,如以药死作病死之类,不可
概举。前检受弊,覆检者乌可不究心察之,恐有连累矣。
检得与前验些小不同,迁就改正;果有大段违戾,不可根据随。更再三审问干系等人,如
众称可变,方据检得异同事理,供申;不可据己见便变易。
覆检,如尸经多日,头面 胀,皮发脱落,唇口翻张,两眼迭出,蛆虫咂食,委实坏烂
不通措手。若系刃伤、他物、拳手、足踢痕虚处,方可作无凭覆检状申。如是他物及刃伤骨
损,宜冲洗仔细验之,即须于状内声说致命,岂可作无凭检验申上。
覆检官验讫,如无争论,方可给尸与亲属。无亲属者,责付本都埋瘗;勒令看守,不得
火化及散落。如有争论,未可给尸;且掘一坑,就所簟物,HT 尸安顿坑内,上以门扇盖
,用土罨瘗作堆,周遭用灰印印记,防备后来官司再检覆。仍责看守状附案。
控告状不可轻信,必须详细检验,务必查明事实真相。
可以指派公正的吏员去调查访问,如果有不合常理的言论,先听他们报告,自己再加以斟酌判断。
告诫左右随从人员,不得草率马虎。
初次检验时,不得声称尸体腐烂无法检验,必须明确指出导致死亡的关键原因。
凡是初次检验时,如果通过询问得知是争斗致死情况分明,即使经过多天,也不得定为无凭据的检验,从而招致上级官员的责问和刁难。必须仔细确定伤痕损害中致命的位置。如果确实因为日子久了尸体发生变化,才可以说尸体无法移动检验。
初次检验确认尸体有无伤损完毕后,就在检验处,用席子垫在尸体下面,再用物品覆盖。检验结束后,在周围用灰印标记,记录有多少个印记,交给看守尸体的弓手、耆长及其副手、邻居看守,立下字据附在案卷中,移交给负责复检的官员,以免尸体被人残害或损坏。如果是疑难复杂的检验案件,复检官员仍不得远离现场,以防复检结果与初检有差异。
如果复检结果与初检没有不同,才可以保证属实并向上级申报。万一导致死亡的原因不明确,伤痕损害不一致,比如将中毒致死误判为病死等情况,不可一概而论。初检存在弊端,复检者怎能不用心考察呢?恐怕会有牵连累及之祸。
检查发现与初次检验有些许不同,可以迁就改正;如果确实有重大违背矛盾之处,不可盲目跟随。更要再三审问相关当事人,如果大家都认为可以改变,才根据检查发现的异同事理,供词申报;不可仅凭自己的主观见解就随意更改。
复检时,如果尸体经过多天,头面部肿胀,皮肤脱落,嘴唇口角翻张,双眼突出,蛆虫啃食,确实腐烂到无法下手处理。如果是刀伤、其他物体打击、拳打脚踢留下的痕迹位于虚浮部位,才可以作无凭据的复检状申报。如果是其他物体及刀伤导致的骨骼损伤,应该仔细冲洗后验查,必须在状书中说明致命原因,岂能当作无凭据检验上报。
复检官员检验完毕后,如果没有争议,才可以将尸体交给亲属。没有亲属的,责令本都(基层行政单位)埋葬;勒令看守,不得火化及散落。如果有争议,不可将尸体交给家属;暂且挖掘一个坑,就用原来垫尸物的地方,把尸体安顿在坑内,上面用门扇覆盖,用土掩埋堆成坟包,周围用灰印标记,防备后来官府再次检验。仍然责令看守人立下字据附在案卷中。
Accusations must not be trusted blindly; a detailed examination is required to ascertain the facts.
Public clerks may be entrusted with investigations. If there are unreasonable statements, listen to them first and then make your own judgment.
Instruct your attendants not to act rashly.
During the initial inspection, one must not claim that the corpse is too decomposed to examine; instead, the specific cause of death must be identified.
If inquiries reveal clear evidence of a fight, even if several days have passed, the case must not be dismissed as lacking evidence, which would invite scrutiny from superiors. One must carefully determine the location of injuries that caused death. Only if the body has indeed changed due to the passage of time should it be stated that the corpse cannot be moved for examination.
After confirming the presence or absence of injuries during the initial inspection, place a mat under the corpse at the examination site and cover it. Upon completion, mark the perimeter with ash seals, record the number of seals, and hand over custody to the archers, headmen (Qizheng) and their deputies, and neighbors who are responsible for guarding the body. A written guarantee should be attached to the case file and transferred to the re-examination officer to prevent tampering or damage to the corpse. In difficult cases, the re-examination officer must not leave the area far away to avoid discrepancies between the two examinations.
Only if the re-examination results are identical to the initial one can a report of authenticity be submitted to superiors. If the cause of death remains unclear or injuries differ—for instance, mistaking poisoning for natural disease—such errors cannot be overlooked. Given potential flaws in the initial inspection, the re-examiner must investigate diligently to avoid mutual liability.
If minor discrepancies are found compared to the initial inspection, corrections may be made accordingly; however, if there are significant contradictions, blind adherence is unacceptable. Further questioning of involved parties is necessary. Only if consensus supports a change should the differences be reported based on evidence. Changes must not be made solely based on personal opinion.
During re-examination, if the corpse has decomposed significantly after many days—with swollen head and face, peeling skin, protruding eyes, exposed lips, and maggot infestation—making handling impossible, a report of "no evidence" may be filed only if the injuries (e.g., cuts, blunt force, kicks) are superficial or indistinct. However, if bone fractures or deep wounds caused by weapons or objects are present, they must be carefully cleaned and examined. The report must explicitly state the cause of death; it cannot be declared as lacking evidence.
After the re-examination, if there is no dispute, the corpse may be released to relatives. For corpses without relatives, the local administrative unit (Du) is ordered to bury them, with strict supervision against cremation or scattering. If disputes arise, the corpse must not be released. Instead, dig a pit, place the corpse back on the original mat within the pit, cover it with door panels, mound earth over it, and seal the perimeter with ash marks to prepare for potential future official inspections. A guard’s guarantee must also be attached to the case file.