保生要法云∶小儿初生，若多睡，勿强与乳，自然长而少病。
颅囟经云∶夏中盛热时，乳母浴后便与儿乳，使儿成胃毒赤白痢。定息良久，熟揉乳之可也。
千金论云∶乳儿不可过饱，满而溢则成呕吐，大饱，以空乳吮之即消，若乳来猛，取出再
乳。凡初乳时，须常捏去宿乳，夏不去热乳，令儿呕逆，冬不去冷乳，令儿咳痢。母与儿卧，以
臂枕之，令乳与头平，则儿不噎。母欲寐，即夺其乳，恐睡熟则不如饱足，而成呕吐也。
小儿精要云∶夜间乳儿，须乳母起坐，抱儿乳之。
母有娠乳儿，必患胎黄。母大醉乳儿，必患惊热。母伤饱乳儿，必患喘急。母新房乳儿，
必患羸瘦。母大怒乳儿，必患癫狂。母新吐乳儿，必患虚羸。
琐碎录云∶儿睡，忌乳母鼻风吹囟门，成
风疾。
葛氏肘后方云∶儿生三日，应开腹，助谷神，壮胃气，用粟米煮熟，研如乳汁，与儿大豆
许，慎不可与杂药。
乳者奶也，哺者食也，乳后不得与食，哺后不得与乳，乳食相并，难以克化，大则成癖，
小则成积，疳气自此始矣。
或云∶小儿无伤乳法，即乳满而溢，亦不为害，惟与食相并，则乳裹食不化，遂结成痰
癖，是伤食，非伤乳也。故小儿以乳为主，三岁后方可食糕粥，五岁外方可食荤腥，则一生永
无脾胃之疾。而孙真人、葛氏、巢氏、圣济经皆云∶三日即当用哺，以助谷神，导肠胃。是在为
母者细审儿之虚实而调剂之。
《保生要法》说：婴儿刚出生时，如果嗜睡，不要强行喂奶，这样孩子自然会长得健康且少生病。
《颅囟经》说：在盛夏酷热的时候，乳母沐浴后立刻给孩子喂奶，会导致孩子患上胃毒引起的赤白痢疾。应等气息平稳很久之后，仔细揉捏乳房后再喂。
《千金方》论述道：喂奶不可让孩子过饱，吃得太满溢出就会引起呕吐；如果孩子吃得过饱，让他吸吮空奶头即可帮助消化；如果乳汁流出太猛，应将孩子取出，稍后再喂。凡是初次喂奶时，必须经常挤掉残留的旧奶，夏天不挤掉热奶，会使孩子呕吐逆气；冬天不挤掉冷奶，会使孩子咳嗽腹泻。母亲与孩子同卧时，用胳膊垫着孩子，使乳头与孩子的头部保持水平，这样孩子就不会被呛到。母亲想睡觉时，应立即停止喂奶，恐怕孩子睡熟后无法控制吞咽，从而导致呕吐。
《小儿精要》说：夜间给孩子喂奶，乳母应当起身坐起，抱着孩子喂。
母亲怀孕时还给孩子喂奶，孩子必定患胎黄（新生儿黄疸）。母亲大醉后给孩子喂奶，孩子必定患惊热（高热惊厥）。母亲吃撑后给孩子喂奶，孩子必定患喘急（呼吸急促）。母亲行房事后给孩子喂奶，孩子必定患羸瘦（身体消瘦）。母亲大怒后给孩子喂奶，孩子必定患癫狂（精神失常）。母亲刚吐完给孩子喂奶，孩子必定患虚羸（虚弱消瘦）。
《琐碎录》说：孩子睡觉时，忌讳乳母的鼻子对着孩子的囟门吹风，否则会引发风疾（中风或惊风类疾病）。
《葛氏肘后方》说：孩子出生三天，应该进行“开腹”（促进消化功能），以助长“谷神”（脾胃之气），增强胃气。方法是用粟米煮熟，研磨成如乳汁般的糊状，给孩子吃如大豆大小的量，千万不要给其他杂药。
“乳”指的是母乳，“哺”指的是辅食。喂奶后不得立即进食，进食后不得立即喂奶，如果乳食同时摄入，难以消化，严重时会形成癖块（腹部积块），轻微时会形成积滞（食物停滞），疳气（小儿营养不良综合征）由此开始。
有人说：婴儿没有伤乳的说法，即使奶水过多溢出，也不会造成危害，只有当乳食同时摄入时，乳汁包裹食物导致不化，从而结成痰癖，这是伤食，不是伤乳。所以婴儿应以喝奶为主，三岁以后才可以吃糕粥，五岁以后才可以吃荤腥肉类，这样一生都不会有脾胃疾病。然而孙思邈、葛洪、巢元方、《圣济总录》都说：出生三天就应当添加辅食，以辅助谷神，引导肠胃发育。这取决于做母亲的仔细审察孩子的虚实情况来进行调节。
*Bao Sheng Yao Fa* (Essential Methods for Preserving Health) states: When an infant is first born, if they are sleepy, do not force-feed them breast milk; naturally, they will grow up healthy and with fewer illnesses.
*Luxin Jing* (Classic of the Cranial Fontanelle) states: During the intense heat of mid-summer, if a nursing mother bathes and then immediately feeds her child, it may cause the child to develop stomach toxicity resulting in dysentery with red and white discharge. One should wait until breathing has stabilized for a long time, carefully massage the breasts, and then feed.
*Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) discusses: Nursing should not overfill the infant. If the stomach is too full and overflows, vomiting will result. If the infant is overly full, allowing them to suckle on an empty breast can aid digestion. If the milk flow is too vigorous, remove the infant and resume feeding later. Whenever initiating breastfeeding, residual old milk must frequently be expressed. In summer, failing to discard hot milk causes infant regurgitation and counterflow qi; in winter, failing to discard cold milk causes coughing and dysentery. When the mother lies down with the infant, she should use her arm as a pillow for the infant, keeping the nipple level with the infant's head, so that the infant does not choke. If the mother feels drowsy, she should immediately stop feeding, lest the infant fall into a deep sleep and fail to swallow properly, leading to vomiting.
*Xiao'er Jingyao* (Essentials for Infants) states: For night-time nursing, the mother should sit up and hold the infant while feeding.
If a mother who is pregnant continues to nurse, the child will inevitably suffer from Taihuang (fetal jaundice). If a mother who is heavily intoxicated nurses the child, the child will inevitably suffer from Jingre (febrile convulsions). If a mother who has overeaten nurses the child, the child will inevitably suffer from chuanji (rapid breathing/asthma). If a mother who has just engaged in sexual intercourse nurses the child, the child will inevitably suffer from leishou (emaciation). If a mother who is furious nurses the child, the child will inevitably suffer from diankuang (epilepsy or madness). If a mother who has just vomited nurses the child, the child will inevitably suffer from xulei (weakness and emaciation).
*Suosui Lu* (Miscellaneous Records) states: When a child is sleeping, it is taboo for the nursing mother's nose to expose the child's fontanelle to wind, as this may lead to Fengji (wind diseases such as stroke or convulsions).
*Ge Shi Zhouhou Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions from the Arm of Ge Hong) states: On the third day after birth, one should perform "Kai Fu" (opening the abdomen/digestive tract) to assist Gu Shen (Grain Spirit/Spleen-Stomach Qi) and strengthen Stomach Qi. This is done by cooking millet thoroughly, grinding it into a paste resembling milk, and giving the infant an amount the size of a soybean. One must be cautious not to administer any other miscellaneous medicines.
"Ru" (Nursing/Breast milk) refers to milk, while "Bu" (Complementary food) refers to solid food. After nursing, one must not give food; after eating food, one must not nurse. If milk and food are ingested together, they are difficult to digest. Severe cases result in Pi (masses/accumulations), while mild cases result in Ji (food stagnation); Gan Qi (infant malnutrition syndrome) begins here.
Some say: There is no concept of "harming milk" in infants; even if milk overflows due to excess, it causes no harm. Only when milk and food are ingested together does the milk wrap around the undigested food, forming phlegm and masses. This is harming food, not harming milk. Therefore, infants should rely primarily on milk. Solid foods like cakes and porridge should only be introduced after age three, and meat/fish after age five, ensuring lifelong health free from Spleen and Stomach disorders. However, Sun Simiao, Ge Hong, Chao Yuanfang, and *Shengji Zonglu* all state that complementary food should be introduced on the third day to assist Gu Shen and guide the development of the intestines and stomach. It is up to the mother to carefully assess the child's deficiency or excess and adjust accordingly.