谨按徐表《南州记》，本出南海，长一指，赤褐色为上。复有荜拨，短小黑，味不
堪。舶上者味辛，温。又主老冷心痛，水泻，虚痢，呕逆，醋心，产后泄痢，与阿魏和合良
。亦滋食味。得诃子、人参、桂心、干姜，治脏腑虚冷，肠鸣泄痢神效。（《大观》卷九页３
１，《政和》页２２９，《纲目》页８１４）
谨按《广州记》云∶出波斯国，其实状若桑椹，紫褐色者为上，黑者是老不堪。黔
中亦有，形状相似，滋味一般。主咳逆上气，心腹虫痛，胃弱虚泻，霍乱吐逆，解酒食味。
近多黑色，少见褐色者也。（《大观》卷九页３２，《政和》页２２９，《纲目》页８１５）
生奚国，从安东道来。味苦、甘，无毒。主肾气，破产后恶露及儿枕，与三棱、
鳖甲、大黄为散，能散气，通经络。蛀 成末者，使之惟良，偏主产后病也。（《大观》卷
九页３５，《政和》页２３０，《纲目》页７７９）
云是高良姜子，其苗如芦，叶似姜，花作穗，嫩叶卷而生，微带红色。择嫩者，
加入盐， 作朵不散落，须以朱槿染，令色深善，醒于醉，解酒毒。此外无诸要使也。生
南海诸谷。（《大观》卷九页５１，《政和》页２３６，《纲目》页８１０）
谨按《广志》云∶生秦国及昆仑。味辛，温，无毒。主心腹虫痛，脾胃虚冷气，
并冷热虚泄，赤白痢等。凡痢以白粥饮服，佳。霍乱气并以生姜汤服，良。（《大观》卷九
页３６，《政和》页２３１，《纲目》页８１６）
谨按徐表的《南州记》记载，荜茇原产于南海地区，长度约为一指宽，以赤褐色者为上品。另有名为“荜拨”的品种，形体短小且颜色黑，味道不佳。来自海船运输的荜茇，其味辛，性温。此外，它还能治疗年老体寒引起的心痛、水样腹泻、虚损性痢疾、呕吐气逆、吞酸反胃，以及产后泄泻和痢疾，与阿魏配合使用效果良好。它也能增添食物的风味。若与诃子、人参、桂心、干姜同用，治疗脏腑虚冷、肠鸣泄痢有显著疗效。（出自《大观本草》卷九第31页，《政和本草》第229页，《本草纲目》第814页）
谨按《广州记》记载，肉豆蔻产于波斯国，果实形状像桑葚，紫褐色者为上品，黑色者表示陈旧不堪食用。黔中地区也有出产，形状相似，滋味相同。主要功效是治疗咳嗽气逆、心腹虫积疼痛、脾胃虚弱导致的腹泻、霍乱引起的呕吐逆气，并能解酒毒、助消化。现在市面上多见黑色的，少见到褐色的了。（出自《大观本草》卷九第32页，《政和本草》第229页，《本草纲目》第815页）
这种药材（注：此处原文语境似指另一种药，结合上下文及常见本草分类，可能指代前文未明确命名或承接上文的某药，但根据实体提取规则，仅提取文中出现的名词。此处原文直接说“生奚国...”，通常指代上一段末尾或独立条目，鉴于标题为“肉豆蔻”等，但此段描述特征如“主肾气...破产后恶露...三棱鳖甲大黄”更符合活血祛瘀药特征，可能是原文排版或摘录问题。但在翻译时忠实于原文文本）生于奚国，经由安东道传入。味道苦、甘，无毒。能补肾气，治疗产后恶露不尽及儿枕痛（产后腹痛），与三棱、鳖甲、大黄制成散剂，能够行气散结，疏通经络。蛀成粉末后使用效果最佳，特别擅长治疗产后疾病。（出自《大观本草》卷九第35页，《政和本草》第230页，《本草纲目》第779页）
有人说这是高良姜的种子，它的苗像芦苇，叶子像姜，花呈穗状，嫩叶卷曲生长，微带红色。选择嫩的部位，加入盐，揉搓成朵状不散落，必须用朱槿染色，使颜色更深更好，能解醉醒酒，解除酒毒。除此之外没有其他重要的药用功效。产于南海各地的山谷中。（出自《大观本草》卷九第51页，《政和本草》第236页，《本草纲目》第810页）
谨按《广志》记载，胡椒产于秦国及昆仑地区。味道辛，性温，无毒。主要治疗心腹虫积疼痛、脾胃虚寒气滞，以及冷热虚性泄泻、赤白痢疾等。凡是患痢疾，用白米粥汤送服药物，效果更佳。霍乱气逆则用生姜汤送服，效果良好。（出自《大观本草》卷九第36页，《政和本草》第231页，《本草纲目》第816页）
According to Xu Biao's *Nanzhou Ji* (Records of the Southern Provinces), Bi Bo (Long Pepper, Piper longum) originally comes from the South Sea region. It is about one finger's width in length, with those that are reddish-brown being of the highest quality. There is also a variety called "Bi Bo" (likely referring to a different species or grade), which is short and black, and has an inferior taste. The Bi Bo transported by sea ships is pungent in flavor and warm in nature. Furthermore, it treats heart pain caused by old-age coldness, watery diarrhea, deficiency-type dysentery, vomiting and rebellious qi, acid regurgitation, postpartum diarrhea and dysentery; it works well when combined with Asafoetida (Asafetida). It can also enhance the flavor of food. When used together with Terminalia chebula (Chezi), Ginseng (Renshen), Cinnamon Twig (Guixin), and Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), it is remarkably effective in treating deficiency-cold of the zang-fu organs, intestinal murmurs, and diarrhea/dysentery. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 31; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 229; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 814)
According to *Guangzhou Ji*, Nutmeg (Rou Dou Kou, Myristica fragrans) originates from Persia. Its fruit resembles a mulberry berry; those that are purple-brown are of the highest quality, while black ones indicate they are old and of poor quality. It is also produced in the Qianzhong region, where the shape is similar and the taste is the same. It primarily treats coughing with rebellious qi, abdominal pain due to parasites, weak spleen/stomach leading to deficiency diarrhea, cholera-like vomiting and rebellious qi, and helps resolve alcohol toxicity and aid digestion. Currently, black ones are common, while brown ones are rare. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 32; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 229; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 815)
It grows in the State of Xi and enters via the Andong route. Its flavor is bitter and sweet, and it is non-toxic. It tonifies Kidney Qi, treats postpartum lochia retention and postpartum abdominal mass (Erzhen), and when processed into a powder with Sparganii Rhizoma (Sanleng), Trionycis Carapax (Biejia), and Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang), it can dissipate qi stagnation and unblock meridians and collaterals. Using it after grinding into powder yields the best results, particularly for treating postpartum diseases. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 35; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 230; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 779)
It is said that this is the seed of Galangal (Gaoliang Jiang), whose shoots resemble reeds, leaves resemble ginger, and flowers form spikes. The tender leaves grow curled and are slightly red. Select the tender parts, mix with salt, roll them into clusters that do not scatter, and dye them with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Zhu Jin) to deepen the color, which is considered superior. It awakens one from drunkenness and resolves alcohol toxicity. Aside from these, there are no other significant medicinal uses. It grows in the valleys of various regions in the South Sea. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 51; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 236; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 810)
According to *Guangzhi*, Pepper (Hu Jiao, Piper nigrum) grows in Qin Country and Kunlun. It is pungent in flavor, warm in nature, and non-toxic. It primarily treats abdominal pain due to parasites, deficiency-cold qi stagnation of the Spleen and Stomach, as well as deficiency diarrhea of both cold and hot types, and red/white dysentery. For all cases of dysentery, taking the medicine with white rice gruel is preferable. For cholera-like qi rebellion, taking it with Ginger Decoction is excellent. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 36; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 231; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 816)