温病是外感热病的一大类型。叶天士温热论是论述温病证治的名著，创立用卫分、气分、营分、血分四个
层次作为辨证的根据，并指出温病的传变模式有顺传与逆传二种∶顺传由卫而气而营而血，逐步传入；逆传由卫
分直入营分。至于卫、气、营、血如何分辨，主要是根据温病的诊断特点，运用察舌、验齿以及辨斑、疹、白
，作为要点，然后结合证情，作出诊断，决定治法。全篇从原则到具体，有一套完整的理法方药，对临
床实践起着指导作用。兹重编分章论述如下。
温邪上受，首先犯肺，逆传心包。肺主气属卫；心主血属营。辨营卫气血虽与伤寒同；若论治法，则与伤
寒大异。
盖伤寒之邪，留恋在表，然后化热入里；温邪则化热最速。未传心包，邪尚在肺。肺合皮毛而主气，故云
在表。初用辛凉轻剂。挟风加薄荷、牛蒡之属；挟湿加芦根、滑石之流。或透风于热外；或渗湿于热下。不与
热相抟，势必孤矣。
不尔，风挟温热而燥生，清窍必干，谓水主之气，不能上荣，两阳相劫也；湿与温合，蒸郁而蒙蔽于上，
清窍为之壅塞，浊邪害清也。其病有类伤寒，验之之法，伤寒多有变症；温热虽久，总在一经为辨。
前言辛凉散风，甘淡驱湿，若病仍不解，是渐欲入营也。营分受热，则血液受劫，心神不安，夜甚无寐，
或斑点隐隐，即撤去气药。如从风热陷入者，用犀角、竹叶之属；如从湿热陷入者，用犀角、花露之品。参入
凉血清热方中。若加烦躁、大便不通，金汁亦可加入。老年及平素有寒者，以人中黄代之，急速透斑为要。
若斑出热不解者，胃津亡也，主以甘寒，重则如玉女煎（此句根据温热经纬增一“如”字）；轻则梨皮、
蔗浆之类。或其人肾水素亏，病虽未及下焦，每多先自 徨，此必验之于舌，如甘寒之中加入咸寒，务在先安
未受邪之地，恐其陷入耳。
温病是外感热病（由外界邪气侵袭人体引起的发热性疾病）的一大类型。叶天士的《温热论》是论述温病证候与治疗的名著，创立了以卫分、气分、营分、血分四个层次作为辨证的依据，并指出温病的传变模式有顺传与逆传两种：顺传是由卫分传到气分，再传到营分，最后传到血分，逐步深入；逆传是由卫分直接传入营分。至于如何分辨卫、气、营、血，主要是根据温病的诊断特点，运用观察舌象、检查牙齿以及辨别斑疹和白㾦（一种白色小疱疹），作为要点，然后结合病情，作出诊断，决定治法。全篇从原则到具体，有一套完整的理、法、方、药体系，对临床实践起着指导作用。现重新编排分章论述如下。
温邪从口鼻侵入，首先侵犯肺脏，若发生逆传则直入心包。肺主气而属于卫分；心主血而属于营分。辨别营、卫、气、血虽然与伤寒相同；但若论及治法，则与伤寒大不相同。
大概伤寒的邪气，留恋在体表，然后化热进入体内；温邪则化热速度最快。如果尚未传入心包，邪气仍在肺。肺合皮毛且主气，所以说邪气在表。初起使用辛凉轻剂。兼挟风邪的加薄荷、牛蒡子之类；兼挟湿邪的加芦根、滑石之属。或者将风邪透发于热邪之外；或者将湿邪渗利于热邪之下。使邪气不与热邪相互搏结，邪气势必孤立无援。
如果不这样处理，风挟带温热而导致燥热内生，清窍（眼、耳、口、鼻等上部孔窍）必然干燥，这是因为水精之气不能上荣滋润，两阳（风为阳邪，温亦为阳邪）相互劫夺所致；湿与温相结合，蒸腾郁滞而蒙蔽于上，清窍因此壅塞不通，这是浊邪伤害清阳的表现。其病症类似伤寒，验证的方法是：伤寒多有变化复杂的症状；温热病即使病程较长，总归是在一经（此处指卫分或气分等特定阶段）范围内，以此作为辨别依据。
前文提到用辛凉药物疏散风邪，用甘淡药物驱除湿邪，如果病仍不愈，说明邪气正逐渐进入营分。营分受热，则血液受到劫耗，心神不安，夜间症状加重甚至无法入睡，或者出现隐隐约约的斑点，此时应立即撤去气分药。如果是从风热陷入营分的，使用犀角、竹叶之类；如果是从湿热陷入营分的，使用犀角、花露之品。将其参入凉血清热方剂中。如果加上烦躁、大便不通的症状，金汁（人粪清）也可以加入。老年人及平时体质偏寒的人，用人中黄（甘草末装入竹筒内，悬于粪坑中浸泡制成）代替，急速透发斑疹是关键。
如果斑出后热势仍不解，是因为胃津枯竭，主治以甘寒生津，重者如玉女煎（此句根据《温热经纬》增一“如”字）；轻者用梨皮、甘蔗浆之类。或者其人肾水素来亏虚，病虽未波及下焦，却常先出现手足蠕动或震颤，这必须通过验舌来确认，如在甘寒药中加入咸寒滋阴之品，务必先在未受邪之地进行安固，防止邪气进一步陷入。
Warm disease is a major category of exogenous febrile diseases. Ye Tianshi's *Wenre Lun* (Treatise on Warm Diseases) is a famous work discussing the syndrome differentiation and treatment of warm diseases. It established the four levels of Wei (Defensive), Qi, Ying (Nutritive), and Xue (Blood) as the basis for syndrome differentiation, and pointed out that the transmission patterns of warm diseases include two types: Shun Chuan (Sequential Transmission) and Ni Chuan (Reverse Transmission). Sequential transmission proceeds gradually from Wei to Qi, then to Ying, and finally to Xue; Reverse transmission goes directly from Wei to Ying. As for how to differentiate between Wei, Qi, Ying, and Xue, it mainly relies on the diagnostic characteristics of warm diseases, using observation of the tongue, examination of the teeth, and identification of macules, papules, and Bai Bo (white miliary rash) as key points. Then, combined with the clinical presentation, a diagnosis is made and treatment methods are determined. The entire text provides a complete system of theory, principles, formulas, and herbs from general principles to specific applications, playing a guiding role in clinical practice. It is now reorganized into chapters for discussion as follows.
Warm pathogenic factors enter from above (mouth and nose), first attacking the Lung. In cases of reverse transmission, they go directly to the Pericardium. The Lung governs Qi and belongs to the Wei level; the Heart governs Blood and belongs to the Ying level. Differentiating between Ying, Wei, Qi, and Xue is similar to that in Cold Damage (Shanghan); however, regarding treatment methods, there is a significant difference from Cold Damage.
Generally, the pathogenic factors of Cold Damage linger at the exterior before transforming into heat and entering the interior; warm pathogenic factors transform into heat most rapidly. If the pathogen has not yet entered the Pericardium, it remains in the Lung. The Lung connects with the skin and hair and governs Qi, so it is said that the pathogen is at the exterior. Initially, use mild acrid-cool agents. If accompanied by Wind, add herbs such as Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus); if accompanied by Dampness, add substances such as Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma) and Huashi (Talcum). Alternatively, vent the Wind outside the Heat, or drain the Dampness below the Heat. If the pathogens do not intermingle with the Heat, they will inevitably become isolated.
Otherwise, Wind carrying Warmth leads to the generation of Dryness, causing the clear orifices to become dry. This is because the essence of Water cannot ascend to nourish, resulting in the mutual depletion by two Yang pathogens (Wind is a Yang pathogen, and Warmth is also a Yang pathogen); when Dampness combines with Warmth, steaming and stagnation occur, clouding the upper part, causing obstruction of the clear orifices. This is turbid pathogens harming the clear Yang. The illness resembles Cold Damage; the method of verification is that Cold Damage often presents with changing symptoms, whereas warm diseases, even if prolonged, remain within one stage/meridian, which serves as the basis for differentiation.
As previously mentioned, using acrid-cool drugs to disperse Wind and sweet-bland drugs to drive out Dampness, if the disease still does not resolve, it indicates that the pathogen is gradually entering the Ying level. When the Ying level is affected by heat, the blood is depleted, the Shen (Spirit) becomes unsettled, symptoms worsen at night leading to insomnia, or faint macules appear. At this point, Qi-level medicines should be withdrawn immediately. If the pathogen entered due to Wind-Heat, use substances like Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu) and Zhuye (Bambusae Folium); if it entered due to Damp-Heat, use products like Xijiao and Hualu (Floral Dew). Incorporate them into formulas for cooling the blood and clearing heat. If restlessness and constipation are added, Jinzhi (Human Feces Clear Liquid) may also be added. For elderly patients and those with chronic cold constitutions, Renzhonghuang (Coptidis Rhizoma soaked in human waste) can be used as a substitute. Rapidly venting the macules is essential.
If the fever does not resolve after the appearance of macules, it is due to the exhaustion of Stomach Yin. The primary treatment is sweet-cold fluids to generate fluids; in severe cases, use Yunu Jian (Jade Woman Decoction); in mild cases, use pear skin and sugarcane juice. Or, if the person’s Kidney Water was originally deficient, although the disease has not yet reached the Lower Jiao, tremors or convulsions often appear first. This must be verified through tongue diagnosis. Add salty-cold yin-nourishing herbs to the sweet-cold formula. It is crucial to secure the areas not yet affected by the pathogen beforehand, fearing further invasion.