杨如侯曰∶夏日热病，因外感而发者，不外二端。一因外感风寒而发，一因外感暑 而发。其因风寒而发者，脉必
浮紧，盖风脉浮，寒脉紧也。热病之脉者洪大，若见浮紧，可知其夏日之伤于风寒。若轻举之，脉见浮紧，略按之，脉
仍洪盛，即可知其新感风寒之邪，外束于表，而内伏之热，已发于里矣。至因暑 而发者，则病势之来，尤速且剧。盖
风寒之邪，从皮肤入，由外入内，势犹较缓；暑 之邪，从口鼻入，直行中道，内外热邪交煽，匪由肺逆传心包，即归
并胃腑，此谵语遗溺等证，所由来也。医者对此二因宜明辨之。
周禹载曰∶热病之脉本洪大，若兼浮紧，是又感夏时暴寒。
又曰∶凡温病之发，因暴寒者居多；热病之发，兼暑 者为盛。
雷少逸曰∶冒暑者，偶然感冒暑邪，较伤暑之证稍为轻浅耳。夫暑热之邪初冒于肌表者，即有头晕、寒热、汗出、
咳嗽等证，宜以清凉涤暑法，加杏仁，蒌壳治之。其证虽较伤暑为轻，然失治入里，此又不可以不知也。如入于肉分者，
则周身烦躁，头胀体烧，或身如针刺，或有赤肿等证，宜以祛暑解毒法治之。如入于肠胃者，则有腹痛水泻，小便短赤，
口渴欲饮，呕逆等证，宜以增损胃苓法，佐黄连治之。然冒暑之证虽谓为轻，亦必须防微杜渐耳。陈莲舫曰∶夏时冒暑，
犹之春令冒风，略用表散即愈。若失治而由表入里，则变证作矣。
杨如侯说：夏季的热病，因外感邪气而引发的，不外乎两种情况。一是因外感风寒而引发，二是因外感暑邪而引发。那些因风寒而引发的，脉象必定浮紧，因为风邪致脉浮，寒邪致脉紧。热病的脉象本应是洪大（脉形宽大，来盛去衰），如果见到浮紧脉，就可以知道是夏日受了风寒。如果轻取（手指轻按皮肤表面）时，脉象见浮紧，稍加用力按压时，脉象仍然洪盛有力，就可以知道是新近感受的风寒邪气，束缚在体表，而体内潜伏的热邪，已经发于脏腑内部了。至于因暑邪而引发的，那么病势的到来，尤其迅速且剧烈。因为风寒邪气，从皮肤进入，由外向内传变，势头相对较缓；暑邪，从口鼻进入，直接沿着中道（人体中部通道）运行，内外热邪相互煽动，不是由肺脏逆传至心包络，就是归并于胃腑，这就是谵语（神志不清，胡言乱语）、遗溺（小便失禁）等证候产生的原因。医生对于这两种病因应当明确辨别。
周禹载说：热病的脉象本来洪大，如果兼见浮紧脉，这是又感受了夏季的暴寒。
他又说：凡是温病的发生，因暴寒引起的占多数；热病的发生，兼夹暑邪的情况更为普遍。
雷少逸说：冒暑（轻微感受暑邪），是偶然感冒了暑邪，比伤暑（严重感受暑邪导致的疾病）的证候稍微轻浅一些。暑热邪气初犯肌表时，就会出现头晕、寒热往来、出汗、咳嗽等症状，宜用清凉涤暑法，加入杏仁、瓜蒌壳来治疗。这种证候虽然比伤暑轻，但如果失治导致邪气入里，这一点也是不可不知道的。如果邪气侵入肌肉分肉之间，则会出现周身烦躁、头胀身体发热，或者身体像针刺一样疼痛，或有红肿等症状，宜用祛暑解毒法治之。如果邪气侵入肠胃，则有腹痛水样腹泻、小便短赤、口渴想喝水、呕吐逆气等症状，宜用增损胃苓法，佐以黄连治疗。然而冒暑的证候虽然称为轻症，也必须防微杜渐（在错误或坏事刚露头时就加以制止）。陈莲舫说：夏季冒暑，就像春季冒风一样，稍微用一点解表发散的方法就能痊愈。如果失治导致邪气由表入里，那么变证就会发生了。
Yang Ruhou stated: Summer heat diseases, those triggered by external pathogenic factors, fall into two main categories. One is caused by external contraction of Wind-Cold (Wind-Cold), and the other by external contraction of Summerheat (Summerheat). In cases caused by Wind-Cold, the pulse must be Floating-Tight (Floating indicates Wind, Tight indicates Cold). The pulse of a heat disease is typically Surging-Big (Large and vigorous, strong at the beginning and weak at the end); if a Floating-Tight pulse is observed, it can be deduced that the patient suffered from Wind-Cold in summer. If upon light palpation (light pressure on the skin surface) the pulse appears Floating-Tight, but upon slightly deeper pressure the pulse remains Surging and vigorous, it indicates that newly contracted Wind-Cold pathogens are binding the exterior, while the latent internal heat has already manifested in the interior. Regarding cases caused by Summerheat, the onset of the disease is particularly rapid and severe. This is because Wind-Cold pathogens enter through the skin and move from the exterior to the interior, progressing relatively slowly; whereas Summerheat pathogens enter through the mouth and nose, proceeding directly along the central pathway (middle jiao/central channel). The internal and external heat pathogens mutually incite each other; either they transmit reversely from the Lung to the Pericardium, or they converge in the Stomach Fu-organ. These are the origins of symptoms such as delirium (incoherent speech due to mental disturbance) and urinary incontinence. Physicians should clearly distinguish between these two etiologies.
Zhou Yuzai stated: The pulse of a heat disease is originally Surging-Big; if accompanied by a Floating-Tight pulse, it indicates an additional contraction of sudden cold during summer.
He further stated: Generally, most warm diseases arise from sudden cold; whereas most heat diseases involve Summerheat.
Lei Shaoyi stated: "Mao Shu" (slight exposure to Summerheat) refers to accidentally contracting Summerheat pathogens; its syndrome is slightly milder than "Shang Shu" (severe injury by Summerheat). When Summerheat-Warmth pathogens initially invade the muscular exterior, symptoms such as dizziness, alternating chills and fever, sweating, and coughing appear. It is appropriate to treat with Qingliang Dishu Method (Clearing Heat and Washing Away Summerheat Decoction), adding Xingren (Apricot Seed) and Lou Qiao (Gourd Shell). Although this syndrome is lighter than Shang Shu, if neglected and the pathogen enters the interior, this fact must not be ignored. If the pathogen invades the muscle layers, symptoms include whole-body restlessness, head distension, body burning sensation, or sensations like needle pricks, or redness and swelling. It is appropriate to treat with Qushu Jiedu Method (Expelling Summerheat and Detoxifying Method). If the pathogen invades the intestines and stomach, symptoms include abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, scanty dark urine, thirst with desire to drink, and vomiting/regurgitation. It is appropriate to treat with Zengsun Weiling Method (Modified Weiling Decoction), assisted by Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome). However, although Mao Shu is considered a mild syndrome, one must still prevent problems before they occur (nip evil in the bud). Chen Lianfang stated: Summer Mao Shu is analogous to spring wind invasion; slight use of exterior-releasing dispersants leads to recovery. If neglected, allowing the pathogen to move from the exterior to the interior, complicated syndromes will arise.